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  1. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Soongsil University, Korea.)
  2. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Korea.)



Active Power Filter(APF), Harmonics, Hybrid APF, Passive Power Filter(PPF), Power Factor, Reactive Power, THD

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์†Œํ˜•ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์™€ ์ถฉ์ „ ์ œ์–ด์žฅ์น˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์™ธ์—๋„ UPS๋‚˜ SMPS ๋“ฑ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ํญ์ฆ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[1][2].

๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ์ธ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์ œ์–ด์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ €๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ํšจ์œจ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„ํ†ต์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ์šฉ์ „์›์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— EMI ๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ €๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค[3].

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ(Passive Power Filter ;์ดํ•˜ PPF)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ(Active Power Filter ;์ดํ•˜ APF)์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž…์ด ์ง„์ฒ™๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[4-6]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ APF๋Š” ์ „์›์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์šฉ์ „์› ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์šฉ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  APF๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค[7-10]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์šฉ์ „์›์€ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋™์ƒ์ธ ์ •ํ˜„์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋งŒ์„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค[11].

APF๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ „์•• ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ˜• ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  PPF์—์„œ๋Š” LC ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‚œ์ด๋„์˜ ํ•ด์†Œ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํƒ€์ž… HAPF์˜ ๋„์ž… ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ˆœ์‹œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ HAPF์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์šฉ์ „์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋งŒ์„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ƒ์šฉ์ „์›์˜ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ „๋ ฅํ•„ํ„ฐ(HAPF)์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• 

Fig. 1. Configuration and role of hybrid active power filters

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.142/fig1.png

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” HAPF์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์™€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ LCํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ ์ ˆ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ œ์‹œ[1]์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ APF์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์••์› ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง๋ ฌํ˜• HAPF์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ, ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ, ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” HAPF์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํšจ์œจ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” HAPF์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ์ ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ APF ์ „์••์› ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ „์••๊ฐ€๋ณ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ์–ด๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์น˜์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง๋ ฌํ˜• HAPF๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์ฆ์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์„ค์ •์˜ ์—ญ๋ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•จ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์™œ๊ณก(distortion)์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. HAPF์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ ์ •

2.1 HAPF์˜ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋™์ž‘

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋Š” AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„์ ผ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ„ฐ(Thyristor)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ AC ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์†์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ค์ž‘๋™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์™€ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” LC ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ(PPF)์™€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋Šฅ๋™์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ(APF)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์˜ ํ˜ผ์šฉ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” PPF์™€ APF๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” HAPF๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์ €์ž๋“ค์ด ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ LC์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋น„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ HAPF๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†Œ์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ LC ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ2์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ HAPF์˜ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 2. Configuration of topology circuits of the HAPF-grid connected system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.142/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์˜ ์ „๋ ฅํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด APF์™€ PPF๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ HAPF๋Š” ์ „์›๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” APF์˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด์ „๋ฅ˜ $i_{Fa}$, $i_{Fb}$, $i_{Fc}$์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜•๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ $i_{La}$, $i_{Lb}$, $i_{Lc}$์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ $i_{La_{-}H}$, $i_{Lb_{-}H}$, $i_{Lc_{-}H}$๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. $i_{Fabc}(t)= i_{Labc_{-}H}(t)$์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” HAPF์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ $i_{Fabc_{-}H}(t)$ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํ˜๋ ค ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŒŒํ˜•์ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ (1)๋กœ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(1)
$i_{Labc}(t)=i_{uabc_{-}F}(t)+i_{Fabc_{-}H}(t)$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $i_{uabc_{-}F}(t)$์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์œ ํ‹ธ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ ์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ $i_{ua}$, $i_{ub}$, $i_{uc}$์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ(Fundamental)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณต์ง„๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ LCํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ ์ •

HAPF์—์„œ PPF์˜ LC ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ํŠน์ •์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์™€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ • ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ–‰ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[1]. ์ด๋•Œ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ APF์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ค์ง ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋งŒ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ HAPF๋Š” PPF์™€ APF๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ HAPF๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ์ œ5 ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ7 ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ •์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์™€ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ • ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์„  ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ LC ์ง๋ ฌํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ $f_{r}$์„ $nf=f_{r}$์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋†“๊ณ , ์‹ (2)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๊ณต์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ (3)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(2)
$nf=\dfrac{1}{2\pi}\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{LC}}$
(3)
$(wn)^{2}=\dfrac{1}{LC}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $f$๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ $n$๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ $w=2\pi f$๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด PPF์˜ L๊ณผ C์˜ ์ง๋ ฌ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค $Z$๋Š” $Z=R+j X$์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ $R=0$๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (4)๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค $X$๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(4)
$Z=j X =j(X_{C}-X_{L})$

์ง๋ ฌ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 3์ƒ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์‹ (5)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(5)
$Q = 3VI\sin\theta =3X I^{2}=3\dfrac{V^{2}}{X}$

์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด 3์ƒ ์ง๋ ฌ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ $Q_{X}$๋Š” ์‹ (6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ $V_{PCC}$๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต๊ฒฐํ•ฉ(๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  HAPF์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ RMS ์ „์••๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ L๊ณผ C์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(6)
$Q_{X}=\left |\dfrac{3V_{PCC}^{2}}{X}\right | =\left |\dfrac{3V_{PCC}^{2}}{j(X_{C}-X_{L})}\right | =\dfrac{3V_{PCC}^{2}}{(X_{C}-X_{L})}=\dfrac{3V_{PCC}^{2}}{\dfrac{1}{w C}-w L}$

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ (3)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์‹ (6)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ LCํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์‹์„ ์‹ (7), ์‹ (8)๋กœ ์ตœ์ข… ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[12,13].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ๊ณต์ง„๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ LCํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ ์ •

Fig. 3. Selection LC parameter between resonant and reactive power relation

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.142/fig3.png

3. ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ LC๊ฐ’ ๋„์ž…์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„

3.1 ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ LC ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„์ž…์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ 

์‹ (7)๊ณผ ์‹ (8)์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ LC์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ[1]์€ PPF ์–‘๋‹จ์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์–‘๋‹จ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์••์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” PPF ์–‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ „์••($V_{PPF}$)์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๋  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ ์‹์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ (9) ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์˜(PPF๋งŒ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(9)
$V_{PPF}=V_{PCC}=V_{UTIL}$

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ HAPF์—์„œ์˜ PPF ์–‘๋‹จ์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••์€ APF๊ฐ€ PPF ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ APF๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ „์••์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ „์••์›($V_{I.NV}$)๋กœ์จ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด PPF ์–‘๋‹จ์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์‹ (6)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‚ด์— PPF์™€ APF๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

Fig. 4. Circuit modeling diagram of injected PPF and APF in power grid

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.142/fig4.png

์ด ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด APF๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์„ $V_{I.NV}$๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ $V_{PCC}$์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ (10)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ HAPF์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” PPF์˜ LC๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ APF์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋ฅ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์—ญ์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(10)
$V_{PPF}+ V_{I.NV}=V_{PCC}=V_{UTIL}$

3.2 ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ LC ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ž…์ฆ

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ APF๋ฅผ ์ „์••์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ƒ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ  HAPF์˜ PPF๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์˜ค์ง ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ(Fundamental Frequency)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์— ์˜ค์ง ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ๊ณตํ†ต ์ „์••๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ $V_{PCC_{-}F}$๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  APF๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์ „์•• ์—ญ์‹œ $V_{I.NV_{-}F}$๋กœ ์•ฝ์ • ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. APF๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์›์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ HAPF ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋„

Fig. 5. HAPF equivalent circuit Circuit with in APF of voltage source

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.142/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ์—์„œ $V_{PCC_{-}F}$๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์ง $V_{I.NV_{-}F}$๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ $V_{PCC_{-}F}$๊ณผ $V_{I.NV_{-}F}$์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ด๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ๋•Œ์˜ ์ „์•• ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์€ ์‹ (11)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด์˜ ํšŒ๋กœ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ $I_{PPF_{-}F}$๋Š” ์‹ (12)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(11)
$V_{PCC_{-}F}=V_{PPF_{-}F}+V_{I.N V_{-}F}$
(12)
$V_{PPF_{-}F}=I_{PPF_{-}F}Z_{PPF}$

PPF์—์„œ์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค Z๋Š” ์˜ค์ง L์™€ C๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ R์€ 0์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(13)
$V_{PPF_{-}F}=I_{PPF_{-}F}\sqrt{R_{PPF_{-}F}^{2}+X_{PPF}^{2}}=I_{PPF_{-}F}X_{PPF}$
(14)
$I_{PPF_{-}F}=\dfrac{V_{PPF_{-}F}}{X_{PPF}}$

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ค์ง L์™€ C๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ค์ง ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋งŒ์ด ํšŒ๋กœ์— ํ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ $I_{PPF_{-}F}$๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด $V_{PCC_{-}F}$๋‹จ์— ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (15)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๊ดด๋ฉฐ, PPF๋‹จ๊ณผ APF์˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋‹จ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(15)
$Q_{PCC_{-}F}=V_{PCC_{-}F}I_{PPF_{-}F}\sin\theta$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ L๊ณผ C๋Š” ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ 90ยฐ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ์™€ ์‹ (15)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(16)
$Q_{PCC_{-}F}=\dfrac{V_{PCC}V_{PPF_{-}F}}{X_{PPF}}$

๋˜ํ•œ HAPF๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์†์‹ค ์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์„œ๋Š” ์‹ (17)๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ (16)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (18)๊ณผ ์‹ (19)๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(17)
$Q_{PCC_{-}F}=Q_{PPF_{-}F}+ Q_{I.NV_{-}F}$
(18)
$Q_{PCC_{-}F}=\dfrac{V_{PPF_{-}F}V_{PPF_{-}F}}{X_{PPF}}+\dfrac{V_{I.NV_{-}F}V_{PPF_{-}F}}{X_{PPF}}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ (11)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ (18)์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (19)์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (20)์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(19)
$Q_{PCC_{-}F}=\dfrac{(V_{PCC_{-}F}-V_{I.NV_{-}F})^{2}+V_{I.NV_{-}F}(V_{PCC_{-}F}-V_{I.NV_{-}F})}{X_{PPF}}$
(20)
$Q_{PCC_{-}F}=\dfrac{V_{PCC_{-}F}^{2}-V_{PCC_{-}F}V_{I.NV_{-}F}}{X_{PPF}}$

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ (20)์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” HAPF๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ค์ง $V_{PCC_{-}F}$์™€ $V_{I.NV_{-}F}$์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ APF์˜ ์ „์••์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฆ‰ ์‹ (20)์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ APF๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก HAPF๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉฐ APF์˜ ์ „์••์ด ์ž‘์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ HAPF์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์šด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด APF๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ $V_{PCC_{-}F}$๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ œ์–ด๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด APF๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ (21)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œํ•œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(21)
$0\le V_{I.NV_{-}F}\le V_{PCC_{-}F}$

์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ HAPF๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ (22)์™€ ์‹ (23)์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(22)
$Q_{\max}=\dfrac{V_{PCC_{-}F}^{2}}{X_{PPF}}$ ($V_{I.NV_{-}F}=0$)
(23)
$Q_{\min}=\dfrac{V_{PCC_{-}F}^{2}-V_{PCC_{-}F}^{2}}{X_{PPF}}=0$ ($V_{I.NV_{-}F}=V_{PCC_{-}F}$)

์‹ (22)๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด APF์˜ ์ „์••์„ 0์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ (23)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด APF์˜ ์ „์••์„ $V_{PCC_{-}F}$๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด 0์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ APF๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ PPF๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ HAPF๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4. APF ์ „์••์ฃผ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

4.1 APF ์ „์••์ฃผ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

์•ž ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ์‹ (21)์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ APF๊ฐ€ PCC๋‹จ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ณด์ƒํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” PWM ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ฃผ์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ HAPF ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก๋„

Fig. 6. HPAF controller block diagram with sine wave injection method applied

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.142/fig6.png

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ HAPF์˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฃจํ‹ด์—์„œ APF์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ฃผ์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก๋„ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค($i_{Fabc}^{*}$)์™€ HAPF์˜ ์ธก์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜($i_{Fabc}$)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์˜ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€์— ์—ฐ๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ $i_{Fabc}^{*}$์—๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ์ขŒ์ธก๋ถ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ์šฐ์ธก๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์šฐ์ธก๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด๋Ÿ‰์— ์ „์•• ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ($v_{abc_{-}\sin}$)๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $v_{abc_{-}\sin}$์˜ ์ฃผ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ž ์ ˆ์—์„œ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Œ€๋กœ HAPF๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4.2 APF ์ „์••์ฃผ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ APF ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž… ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ์‹ (7)๊ณผ ์‹ (8)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ ์ •์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ HAPF์˜ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 HAPF๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ‘œ

Table 1 Simulation condition table by the HAPF component

Units

Value

Utility Voltage

[V]

380

Utility Frequency

[Hz]

60

$L$

[$m H$]

3.75

$C$

[$\mu F$]

75

DC Link Voltage

[V]

622

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์˜ ์ „๋ ฅํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ APF์˜ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‹ (1)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(a)์™€ (b)ํŒŒํ˜•์€ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€($R =10[\omega]\Rightarrow R =20[\omega]$)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณด์ƒ๋œ ํ›„์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ณด์ƒ์ „์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(c)์—๋Š” $i_{Fabc_{-}H}(t)$ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํ˜๋ ค ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŒŒํ˜•์ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ด์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ž…์ฆ์„ ํ™•์ธํ† ๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ APF์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž… ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ์‹ (7)๊ณผ ์‹ (8)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ ์ •์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ HAPF์˜ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ž…๋œ APF์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์ฆ

Fig. 7. Performance verification of APF with injection harmonic current applied

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.142/fig7.png

์œ„์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ APF ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์‹ (19) ๋“ฑ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ APF ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ฃผ์ž… ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ HAPF๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์ธก์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์˜ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ์–ด๋œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 APF ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž… ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ HAPF์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 2 Calculation and measurement result of reactive power compensation of HAPF according to APF voltage injection size

Equation

Units

Calculation

Value

Measurement

Value

$Q_{PCC_{-}F}$ ($V_{abc_{-}\sin}$ = 0)

[VAR]

4,276

4,190

$Q_{PCC_{-}F}$ ($V_{abc_{-}\sin}$ = 110)

[VAR]

2,138

2,081

$Q_{PCC_{-}F}$ ($V_{abc_{-}\sin}$ = 220)

[VAR]

0

16

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. APF ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž… ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ HAPF์˜ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 8. Measurement result of HAPF reactive power compensation according to APF voltage injection change

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.142/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ APF ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž…์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ HAPF๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ณด์ƒํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(a)์™€ 8(b)๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ PCC ์ „์••๊ณผ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ƒ๋œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹น 220[V]์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8(c)๋Š” APF ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž… ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ 1[s]~1.2[s]์—์„œ๋Š” $V_{abc_{-}\sin}$์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 0[V]์ด๋ฉฐ 1.2[s]~1.4[s]์—์„œ๋Š” $V_{abc_{-}\sin}$์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 110[V]์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1.4[s]~1.6[s]์—์„œ๋Š” $V_{abc_{-}\sin}$์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 220[V]์ด๋ฉฐ 1.6[s]~1.8[s]์—์„œ๋Š” $V_{abc_{-}\sin}$์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ 0[V]์œผ๋กœ ๋จ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ HAPF๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด $V_{abc_{-}\sin}$์ด 0[V]์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์•ฝ 86[VAR]๋งŒํผ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋งŒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ $V_{abc_{-}\sin}$์ด 110[V]์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 57[VAR], $V_{abc_{-}\sin}$์ด 220[V]์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 16[VAR]์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋งŒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์œ ํšจํ•จ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” APF ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

APF๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ „์›๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋™์ƒ์ธ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋งŒ์„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์–ป๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ APF์— LC์†Œ์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ PPF๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” HAPF์—์„œ์˜ LC ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์šฐ์„  ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์™€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ LCํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ ์ ˆ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ • ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ณผ APF์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์••์› ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” LC ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํšจ์œจ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ ๋ฌดํšจ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” APF ์ „์••์› ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์•• ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ์–ด๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์น˜์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ด์˜ ์ ์ ˆ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง๋ ฌํ˜• HAPF์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  APF ์ „์•• ์ฃผ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์œ ํšจํ•จ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ HAPF์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ ์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ œ์–ด๋œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์ œ์–ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.

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W. U. K. Tareen, S. Mekhielf, June 2018, Three-Phase Transformerless Shunt Active Power Filter With Reduced Switch Count for Harmonic Compensation in Grid-Connected Applications, in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 4868-4881DOI
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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๋ฐ•๊ฒฝ์ข…(Kyoung-jong Park)
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He received his M.S. degree in Hanyang University, Korea. Currently he is pursuing his Ph. D. degree in Soongsil University, Korea. He worked in Korea Land & Housing Corporation, Korea, during 1990-1996. He is currently CEO in Shinwon Engineering & Consultant Co., Ltd., Korea. E-mail : pkj7572@naver.com

๊น€์žฌ์ฒ (Jae-chul Kim)
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He received his B.S. degree from Electrical Engineering at Soongsil Univ. in 1979 and his M.S. degree and Ph.D degree from Seoul National Univ. in 1983 and 1987, respectively, Currently, he is a professor in the Dept. of Electrical Engineering at Soongsil Univ. E-mail : jckim@ssu.ac.kr

์ดํ˜„์žฌ(Hyun-jae Lee)
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He received his M.S. degree in Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea. currently he is pursuing his Ph. D. degree in Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea. His research interests are Power conversion and Power control. E-mail : lhj501@gachon.ac.kr

์†์ง„๊ทผ(Jin-geun Shon)
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He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph. D, degrees in the Department of Electrical Engineering from Soongsil University in 1990, 1992 and 1997. He was Chief Researcher in Electro- Mechanical Research Institute, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea, during 1992-1995. He was a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kagoshima University, from 2002 to 2003. He was also a Visiting Scholar in the Power Electronics Laboratory, Michigan State University, from 2009 to 2010. He is currently a Professor at the school of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Korea. His research interests are the power conversion, control and diagnosis of power utility. E-mail : shon@gachon.ac.kr