Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions P of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

  1. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Soongsil University, Korea.)



Electric railway system, load curve, vertical bifacial PV, energy reduction, electricity charge

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ ์ „๋ ฅ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ด์ฐจ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ์ œ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ๊ฒน์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ƒ์Šน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž…์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์šดํ–‰ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ธ ๋””์ ค ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ, LNG, ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๊ฐ€์Šค, ์ˆ˜์†Œ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€ ๋“ฑ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฑด์ถ• ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ถ• ๋ฐ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ช…์—ญ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1.5[MW] ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค[1]. ์ง€๋ถ•์˜ ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , PVsyst ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšŒ์ƒ์ œ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ESS(Energy Storage System)์™€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‘๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค˜๋‹ค[2-4].

๊ตญ์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ฒ ๋„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฅ์ƒ, ์—ด์ฐจ ์„ ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฐฉ์Œ์—ญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์œ ํœด๋ถ€์ง€์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ [5]์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹ค๋‚ด LED ์กฐ๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจํ™” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์˜ฅ์ƒ, ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์œ ํœด๋ถ€์ง€์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค˜๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ํƒ€์นด์‚ฌํ‚ค ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฅ์ƒ์— 200[ใŽพ] ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ผ๋ณธ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ 53[GW]๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค[6]. IEA (International Energy Agency)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒ ๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ 100[%] ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค[7]. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ ๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ ์ž ์ฒ ๋„ ์˜ฅ์ƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒ ๋„ ์„ ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์œ ํœด๋ถ€์ง€ ๋“ฑ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€์ง€ ๋‚ด์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ž ์žฌ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[8].

๊ตญ๋‚ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋†ํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์— ์ง€๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์šฐ๊ณ  ๋™-์„œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[9-10]. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์„  ์ฒ ๋„ ๋…ธ์„  ๋ถ€์ง€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™-์„œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

2.1 ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ „๋ ฅํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ „ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์—ด์ฐจ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ „, ๋ณ€์ „, ๋ฐฐ์ „, ์ „์ฐจ์„ ๋กœ ์„ค๋น„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„๋Š” ์ง๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„์‹œ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„๋Š” ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์„œ์šธ, ๋ถ€์‚ฐ, ๋Œ€๊ตฌ, ์ธ์ฒœ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ๋‚ด ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „์€ ์ง๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์™ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šด์ „์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์„ , ๊ฒฝ์ธ์„ , ๊ณผ์ฒœ์„ ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ „์ฒ  ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต๋ฅ˜ AT(Auto Transformer) ๊ธ‰์ „๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ‘œ 1์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[11].

์ง๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ค‘ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „์€ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์ฒ ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ „์ฒ  1ํ˜ธ์„ ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ ์šฉ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๊ธ‰์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 154[kV]์˜ 3์ƒ ์ „์›์„ ์ˆ˜์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ Scott ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จ์ƒ 55[kV]์˜ ์ „์••์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ Scott ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ 2์ฐจ์ธก์—๋Š” T์ขŒ์™€ M์ขŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ƒ ๊ธ‰์ „์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, T์ขŒ์™€ M์ขŒ ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” 90๋„ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ Scott ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก์€ ํ‰๊ท  10[ใŽž] ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹จ๊ถŒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฐจ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ธ‰์ „์„  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์—ด์ฐจ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค[12].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Fig. 1. Diagram of AC electric railway system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig1.png

ํ‘œ 1 ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „๋ฐฉ์‹ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต

Table 1 Comparison of DC and AC electric railway system

์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„

์ง๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „

๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ธ‰์ „

๋ณ€์ „์†Œ

๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 5-20ใŽž

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์™€ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ํ•„์š”

์ง€์ƒ์„ค๋น„ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€

๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 30ใŽž ๋‚ด์™ธ

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•„์š”

์ง€์ƒ์„ค๋น„ ์ €๋ ด

์ „์ฐจ์„ ๋กœ

์ €์ „์•• ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „์„ ์ด ๊ตต๊ณ , ์ง€์ง€๋ฌผ์„ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„

๊ณ ์ „์•• ์ €์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ „์„ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š˜๊ณ , ์ง€์ง€๋ฌผ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„

์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜

์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ , ๊ธ‰์ „์†Œ ์ฆ์„ค ํ•„์š”

์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด ์ง๋ ฌ ์ฝ˜๋ด์„œ๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒ

์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ํŠน์„ฑ

๊ต๋ฅ˜์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๊ฐ€

๊ณ ์ „์•• ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

์‚ฌ๋กœ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์–ด๋ ค์›€

์ „์›์„ค๋น„ ๋ณต์žก

์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€

๊ณ ์ „์•• ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์šฉ์ด

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์„ค๋น„๊ตฌ์„ฑ

2.2 ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ฒจ๋‘๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ฒจ๋‘๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šดํ–‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์นจ ์ถœ๊ทผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์ธ ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ์™€ ์ €๋… ํ‡ด๊ทผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์ธ ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฒจ๋‘๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ์ถœ๊ทผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 70[%]์™€ 30[%]์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค[13]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŒจํ„ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋ฝ์‚ฐ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[3]. ์ˆ˜๋ฝ์‚ฐ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ „์ฐจ์„ ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ โ€˜14๋…„ 8์›” 1์ผ, ์ˆ˜๋ฝ์‚ฐ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ „์ฐจ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง€์ƒ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ธ ๋„๋ด‰์‚ฐ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ 100[ใŽพ] ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์†Œ๋ชจ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง€์ƒ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์กฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์กฐ๋ช… ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒ ๋„๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์ƒ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์ˆ˜๋ฝ์‚ฐ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 2. Single line diagram of Suraksan substation

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ์ฒ ๋„์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ํ‰์ผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŒจํ„ด

Fig. 3. Train load curve of weekdays in urban railway

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig3.png

์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 154[kV]๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ „์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ(์„) ๊ณ ์••B ์„ ํƒ โ…ก ์š”๊ธˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[14]. ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ์ „ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์€ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ ์š”๊ธˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์˜ ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์š”์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ

Table 2 Electricity charges of industrial high voltage

๊ธฐ๋ณธ์š”๊ธˆ

(์›”/ใŽพ)

์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰ ์š”๊ธˆ(์›/kWh)

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ 

(6-9์›”)

๋ด„๊ฐ€์„์ฒ 

(3-5,9-10์›”)

๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ 

(11-2์›”)

7,380

๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜

(์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€)

56.1

56.1

63.1

(23:00-09:00)

(23:00~09:00)

์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ•˜

(์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€)

108.4

78.4

108.4

(09:00-10:00

12:00-13:00

17:00-23:00)

(09:00~10:00

12:00~13:00

20:00~23:00)

์ตœ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ•˜

(์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€)

189.6

108.7

164.6

(10:00-12:00

13:00-17:00)

(10:00~12:00

17:00~20:00

22:00~23:00)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์š”์œจ

Fig. 4. Industrial electricity charge rate in summer

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig4.png

3. ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ด ์ฒ ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

์ตœ๊ทผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ด ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๋„๋ž˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.1 ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์ฒ ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ „์ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅํŒ๋งค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ์ œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด SMP์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. 2017๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์›”๋ณ„ SMP ๋ณ€๋™ ์ถ”์ด

Fig. 5. SMP variation since 2017

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig5.png

์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์•…ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„ํ†ต๊ณ„์—ฐ๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ธ์ƒ๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 2021๋…„ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 742์–ต์›์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค[15]. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, RE100(Renewable Energy 100%) ์ด์Šˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋„์ž…์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

3.2 ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ฒ ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ REC(Renewable Energy Certificate, ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ธ์ฆ์„œ) ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ RPS(Renewable energy Portfolio Standard) ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ REC ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ–ฅํ›„ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ง์€ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ๋„ RE100 ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ 2017๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2022๋…„ 10์›”๊นŒ์ง€ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 2021๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ–ฅํ›„ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ „๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋„์ž… ์†๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. REC์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ง์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” RPS ์˜๋ฌด๋น„์œจ์„ ํ•˜ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ , 1[MW] ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ง€์–‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ RE100 ์ดํ–‰์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ [MW]๊ธ‰ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋„์ž…์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. 2017๋…„ ์ดํ›„ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™ ์ถ”์ด

Fig. 6. REC price variation since 2017

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig6.png

4. ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

4.1 ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋„์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์— ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ์— ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์œ ํœด๋ถ€์ง€์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ์— ์œ„๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์€ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™-์„œ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ฒ ๋„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค[17].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ์ฒ ๋„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

Fig. 7. Examples of PV application to railway system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig7.png

์ฒซ์งธ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์ฃผํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋™์ชฝ๊ณผ ์„œ์ชฝ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์•„์นจ๊ณผ ๋Šฆ์€ ์˜คํ›„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ”ผํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ถœ ์ดํ›„์™€ ์ผ๋ชฐ ์ง์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์˜ค์—๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋™-์„œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ๋™์ชฝ๊ณผ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚จ์ชฝ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์Œ์˜์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ 15~20[%]๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 15~20[%] ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋™-์„œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์—์„œ 33[%] ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ์„คํ•˜์ค‘์—๋„ ๋” ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ [17]์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋™-์„œ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค 8[%] ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ, ์„ค๋น„ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ์— ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋„์ž…์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•ด์™ธ ์˜๋†ํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋™-์„œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋†์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์ง€์‚ฌ์šฉ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[9]. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ฅธ ์˜ค์ „์— ํ”ผํฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ชฐ ์ „์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค[18]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ด์ฐจ ์„ ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ด์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‘๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ [10]์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 9 (b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋Œ€๋น„, ๋™-์„œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚จํ–ฅ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๋™/์„œํ–ฅ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถํ–ฅ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 65[%], 50[%], ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20[%]์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฒ ๋„ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ์— ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. ๋™์„œ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์˜ˆ์‹œ[17]

Fig. 8. East-west oriented photovoltaic system[17]

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. (a) ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์˜๋†ํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์˜ˆ์‹œ[9] (b) ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋น„์œจ ํŠน์„ฑ[10]

Fig. 9. (a) Vertical, bifacial agri-PV power plant[9] (b) The ratio of vertically oriented PV output to conventionally oriented monofacial PV output[10]

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig9.png

4.2 ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์„ ์˜ ๊ตฐํฌ์—ญ-์˜์™•์—ญ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ๋กœ์—ญ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์›์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์„  ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‚จ๋ถ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋…ธ์„ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ ํŽœ์Šค์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™-์„œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฐํฌ์—ญ-์˜์™•์—ญ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒ ๋„ ์„ ๋กœ์™€ ๋ฐฉ์Œ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. H็คพ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งค ์ค‘์ธ ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 580[W]์ด๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ 2,414[ใŽœ] x 1,134[ใŽœ]์ž„์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋กœ 2์žฅ์”ฉ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 1[ใŽž] ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 10%์˜ ๋งˆ์ง„์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ํŽœ์Šค 1์—ด๋‹น 700์žฅ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 580[W] ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ 1[ใŽž] ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 800[ใŽพ]์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 3.7[ใŽž]์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์€ 3[ใŽž]๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฐํฌ์—ญ-์˜์™•์—ญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘๋ฉดํ˜• ์ˆ˜์ง ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 2.4[ใŽฟ]๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10. (a) ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์„ , ๊ตฌ๋กœ-์ˆ˜์› ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ (b) ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์„ , ๊ตฐํฌ-์˜์™• ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„

Fig. 10. (a) Korail LINE 1, between Guro and Suwon Station (b) Korail LINE 1, between Gunop and Uiwang Station

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig10.png

์ˆ˜๋ฝ์‚ฐ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ์–‘๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์˜ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ์–‘๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ [7-9]์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์˜ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ 3๊ฐœ ์ •์ฐจ์—ญ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์„  2๊ฐœ ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ณด์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ์–‘๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ํ”ผํฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ 498[ใŽพ] ๋‚ฎ์ท„์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ํ”ผํฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ 27[%]์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์€ 21,223[kWh]์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ 2,559,444์›์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ์–‘๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „๋ ฅ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ 15,611[kWh]์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์ถ•๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์š”๊ธˆ์€ 2,221,801์›์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 86[%]์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋“์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋‚จํ–ฅ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„์€ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž…์ฆํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11. ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ์–‘๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 11. Comparison of train load and vertical bifacial PV output

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/fig11.png

ํ‘œ 3 ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ์–‘๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์ ์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ

Table 3 Effects of vertical bifacial PV for railway system

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์š”๊ธˆ

์—ด์ฐจ ํ”ผํฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜

์ ์šฉ ์ „

2,559,444์›

1,826[ใŽพ]

์ ์šฉ ํ›„

337,643์›

1,328[ใŽพ]

๊ฐ์ถ•๋Ÿ‰

2,221,801์›

498[ใŽพ]

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ „์š”๊ธˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ–ฅํ›„ RE100 ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์ถ• ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๊ฐ์ถ•์€ ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์ž„์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ฒฝ์˜์—๋„ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ ๋„๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ ํœด ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ์–‘๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋„์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ 80[%]๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง„ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ESS์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ด๋“์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒ ๋„ ์„ ๋กœ๋Š” 25[kV] ๋‹จ์ƒ์˜ AT ๊ธ‰์ „๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ด์ฐจ ์šดํ–‰ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ฒ ๋„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์ฒ ๋„ใƒป๊ตํ†ต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ง€์› ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ-PK2203E1)

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๋ฌธ์›์‹(Won-Sik Moon)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/au1.png

He received the B.S., M.S, and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Soongsil Univer- sity, Seoul, Korea, in 2009, 2011, and 2016, respectively. He worked at LG Electronics from 2016 to 2019 in the field of Microgrid. He is currently an Associate Professor with Soonsil University since 2019. His research interests include application of Renewable Energy and Microgrid Technologies to Power Systems.

๋‚จํƒœ์–‘(Tae-Yang Nam)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/au2.png

He received his B.S. degree from Anyang University, Anyang, Korea, in 2017, Currently he is a student of Soongsil University graduate school masters and doctoral course.

์œค๊ด‘ํ›ˆ(Kwang-Hoon Yoon)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/au3.png

He received his B.S. degree from Anyang University, Anyang, Korea, in 2017. Currently, he is a student of Soongsil University graduate school masters and doctoral course.

์ด์ง€์›(Ji-Won Lee)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.4.262/au4.png

He received his B.S. degree from Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea, in 2022, Currently he is a student of Soongsil University graduate school masters course.

๋ฐ•์„ฑ์ค€(Seong-Jun Park)
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He will receive the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from SoongSil University, Seoul, Korea, in 2023.

ํ•œ์„ฑํ˜ธ(Seong-Ho Han)
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He received the B.S., M.S, and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea, in 1991, 1993, and 1996, respectively. He is researcher in the Dept. of Smart Electrical and Signaling Division at Korea Railroad Research Institute.