Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions P of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

  1. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Korea )



Dynamic Load Model, Power system, Frequency stability, Inertia, Renewable energy, Kinetic Energy, Generator, Voltage stability

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „ ๋ฐ ์†ก์ „์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ด๋Š” ์ž์—ฐํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ„ํ—์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ „์›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(VRE, Variable Renewable Energy)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜์ž๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š” ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์šด์˜์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค[1].

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „์›์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๊ณ (์™ธ๋ž€) ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์กด ํšŒ์ „๊ธฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค[2]. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ ์œ ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ๋‹ค[3]. ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ(์ œ์–ด ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ) ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current transmission system)์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ EMS(Energy Management System) ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ด€์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„, ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์•ฝ 25%์˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ(์ œ์–ด ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ)์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[4].

๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์—์„œ, ์ œ์–ด๊ด€์„ฑ์€ FR-ESS(Frequency Regulation ESS) ๋ฐ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ณด์ƒ์šฉ ๋™๊ธฐ์กฐ์ƒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ข… ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด๋‹ค[5]. ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ณด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณด์กฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋”๋””๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

[6]์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์ฃผ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ‘์†๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ(CIM5BL)๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํšŒ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ 100% ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋งŒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[7].

์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 3๊ธฐ 9๋ชจ์„  ์‹œํ—˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•ด์„์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Z.I.P(Constant impedance = Z, Constant current I, Constant power P) ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ RoCoF(Rate of Change of Frequency)๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์œ , ์ž„๊ณ„, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” EMS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์šด๋™์—๋„ˆ์ง€(Kinetic energy) ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ถ”์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด์„ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, EMS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ํ‰๊ณผ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฅผ 3๊ธฐ 9๋ชจ์„  ์‹œํ—˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. Z.I.P ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„

๋™์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ Z.I.P๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ•˜ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ถ€ํ•˜Z, ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ถ€ํ•˜I, ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜P์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ 100%๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ 10์ฐจ EMS์—์„œ๋„ ์ธ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ํšจ๋ถ„์€ 35:15:50์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌดํšจ๋ถ„์€ 45:29:26์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กดํ•ด์„์—์„œ ๋™์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ด ์ •์ƒ์šด์ „ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ $Q_{S}$ -$V$ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ $P_{S}$ -$F$ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ง€์—ญ์  ์ „์••์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๋ถ„์„์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค˜๋‹ค[8].

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„์ ์ธ ํ•ด์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ƒ์ˆ˜ $H$๋Š” EMS์—์„œ ์ทจ๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[9].

(1)
$H =\dfrac{์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „์ค‘ kenetic energy[MW*s]}{๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰[MVA]}$

Kenetic energy(ํ‚ค๋„คํ‹ฑ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€)๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ •๊ฒฉ์†๋„์— ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์†๋„$J$์™€ ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ$\omega$ ๊ณฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[10][11]. ์ด๋•Œ, ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ฒฉ Kenetic energy๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์‹ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(2)
$Kenetic energy =\dfrac{1}{2}J\omega^{2}$$[W*s]$

๊ธฐ์กด EMS์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ(๊ณ„ํ†ต)์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์‹3 ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(3)
$Kenetic energy_{sys}=\dfrac{1}{2}(\sum_{i=1}^{n}J_{i}\omega_{i}^{2}\times 10^{-6})$$[MW*s]$

์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ์‹ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(4)
$H_{sys}=\dfrac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „์ค‘ kenetic energy[MW*s]}{\sum_{i=1}^{n}๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰[MVA]}$

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์œ„ ์‹4์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” $Kenetic energy_{N}$๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์‹5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(5)
$Kenetic energy_{N}=\dfrac{1}{2}(\sum_{i=1}^{n}J_{i}\omega_{i}^{2}\times 10^{-6})+(Load P_{total})$$[MW*s]$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $Load P_{total}$์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€(Z.I.P) ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋น„์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์„ Case๋ณ„๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  RoCoF๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ •๋  โ€˜์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑโ€™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ $Load P$๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ์‹6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(6)
$Load P=P_{v}\bullet(\dfrac{V}{V_{A}})^{Con}$

์œ„ ์‹ 6์—์„œ $P_{v}$๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ์„  ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ž์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํšจ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์˜ A์ง€ ์ ์ด $V_{A}=1.0[P.U.]$๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ „์••์ด ๋ณ€๋™๋˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ˆ˜ $Con$์ด ๋ณ€๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ $P$์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค[12].

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ‘์†๋  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(7)
$Load P_{total}= P_{i}\bullet(\dfrac{V}{V_{A}})^{con_{i}}+P_{j}\bullet(\dfrac{V}{V_{A}})^{con_{j}}+P_{k}\bullet(\dfrac{V}{V_{A}})^{con_{k}}\cdots$

๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ „์›์˜ ์ „์••ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ 8์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(8)
$Load P_{total}= P_{i}\bullet(\dfrac{V}{V_{A}})^{Z}+P_{j}\bullet(\dfrac{V}{V_{A}})^{I}+P_{k}\bullet(\dfrac{V}{V_{A}})^{P}$

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ž์ „์•• $V$์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ „์••์ด $V_{A}$ ์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ $P$๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์•ˆ์ •๋„์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์ „ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํƒญ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์•ˆ์ •๋„์— ์ด๋ฐ”์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ ๋ฑ…ํฌ๋‚˜ FACTS(Flexible A.C. Transmission System), ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํƒˆ๋ฝ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••์ด ๊ธ‰๋ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

์œ„ ์‹ 7,8 ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ Kenetic energy๋ฅผ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. Z.I.P ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 1. Active power characteristics according to voltage of Z.I.P load model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2023.72.4.298/fig1.png

2.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค

IEEE9 ๋ชจ์„  ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” 180[MW] ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ 4๊ฐœ์†Œ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ •๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” 3๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •๊ฒฉ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 300[MVA], ๊ด€์„ฑ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 4.204๋กœ ์‹4๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ IEEE9 ์‹œํ—˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ EMS์—์„œ ์ถ”์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด Kenetic energy ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” 3783.6[MW*s]์ด๋‹ค.

๊ด€์„ฑ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ€ยท๊ฐ์† ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ์™€ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ Initial Point๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  1์ดˆ์— 5๋ฒˆ 4๋ฒˆ์„ ์ž‡๋Š” ์†ก์ „์„ ๋กœ์— 3์ƒ ์ง€๋ฝ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. 3๊ธฐ 9๋ชจ์„  ์‹œํ—˜๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‹จ์„ ๋„

Fig. 2. Test System Single Line Diagram for 3 Units, Line 9

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2023.72.4.298/fig2.png

ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ 8๋ฒˆ ๋ชจ์„ ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ ์ ‘์†๋œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ‘œ 1 ๊ณผ๊ฐ™์ด 3๊ฐ€์ง€ Case๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  3์žฅ ๋ฐ 4์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 Case๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Table 1 Construction of Dynamic Load Models for Each Case

Case EMS.

Case 1.

Case 2.

Case 3.

Constant Z

35

100

0

0

Constant I

15

0

100

0

Constant P

50

0

0

100

2.2 Case 1. ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ถ€ํ•˜

์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜์‹9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(9)
$Cons\tan t Z =\dfrac{V^{2}}{P}$

์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ผ์‹œ์ , ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ „์••์˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋•Œ, ๋‹จ์ž์ „์••์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ Positive ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ Case 1. ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 59.18[Hz]๋กœ EMS ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 59.16[Hz] ๋Œ€๋น„ 0.33[%] ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ 1.658[s]์—์„œ 1.775[s]๋กœ ์•ฝ 4.4[%] ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. Case 1. ๋ชจ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

Fig. 3. Case 1. Simulation Results โ€“ Frequency

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2023.72.4.298/fig3.png

์•ž์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” RoCoF ๋Š” 0.733์—์„œ 0.610์œผ๋กœ 16.78[%] ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€ํญ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.3 ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜

์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜์‹10๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(10)
$Cons\tan t I =\dfrac{P}{V}$

์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ RoCoF ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” Case 2. ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 59.16[Hz]๋กœ EMS ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ 1.642[s]์—์„œ 1.658[s]๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

RoCoF ๋Š” 0.733์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋น„์œจ์ด 35[%], ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด15[%] ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. Case 2. ๋ชจ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

Fig. 4. Case 2. Simulation Results โ€“ Frequency

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2023.72.4.298/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. Case 3. ๋ชจ์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

Fig. 5. Case 3. Simulation Results โ€“ Frequency

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2023.72.4.298/fig5.png

2.4 ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€ํ•˜

์ • ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ด ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜์‹11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(11)
$Cons\tan t P = P\propto V$

์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ EMS ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 59.14๋กœ ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

RoCoF๋Š” 1.637[%] ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒํ›„ 1.633[s]์—์„œ 1.558[s]๋กœ ๋‹จ์ถ•๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Case EMS. ์™€ Case 1., Case 2., Case 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 2์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Positive Delt ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด Z.I.P ๋น„์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  Case ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  Negative Delt ๋Š” ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๋ชจ๋“  Case์—์„œ Case 1. ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  Case 2. ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ ์ค‘์—๋„ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 Case๋ณ„ ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Table 2 Construction of Dynamic Load Models for Each Case

Case Study

์ตœ์ €

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

์ตœ์ € ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ 

RoCoF

Case

EMS.

59.16 [Hz]

2.658 [s]

0.733

Case 1.

59.18 [Hz]

2.775 [s]

0.610

Case 2.

59.16 [Hz]

2.642 [s]

0.733

Case 3.

59.14 [Hz]

2.533 [s]

0.745

Positive

Delt[%]

0.033

4.4

-16.78

Negative Delt[%]

-0.033

4.702

1.637

3. ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์‚ฐ์ •

๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ $Kenetic energy_{N}$๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์‹ 5์˜ $Load P$๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” Kenetic energy๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Kenetic energy๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ง‘์ ์ถ•๊ณผ ํ”ผ์ƒ์ถ•์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ •์ˆ˜ $H$๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[13].

ํšŒ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚œํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ด€์„ฑ(์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”)์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ Kenetic energy๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

Case 3.์—์„œ ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ โ€˜์ตœ์†Œ๊ด€์„ฑโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด โ€˜์œ ํšจ๊ด€์„ฑโ€™์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ Case EMS. ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  Case 1. ์— ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ โ€˜๊ฐ•ํ•œ๊ด€์„ฑโ€™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„

Fig. 6. Classification based on the level of inertia and configuration of a generator

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2023.72.4.298/fig6.png

2.1 ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€์ธก๋œ ๊ธฐ์ € ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ RoCoF๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ €๊ด€์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ RoCoF๋Š” ์‹12๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(12)
$\dfrac{df}{dt_{Ref}}=\dfrac{f_{t}-f_{ref}}{\triangle t}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Case 1. ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ €๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ RoCoF๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Case 1.์ด ๊ฐ™๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ 13์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(13)
$\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{f-f_{case1}}{\triangle t}}{\dfrac{f -f_{EMS}}{\triangle t}}+ 1\right)* Kenetic energy = Load P_{Z}$

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์‹ 13์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค, ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์œ„ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ์ถ”์ •๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3 ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์„ํ‘œ

Table 3 Table Titles for System Inertia and Load Inertia Analysis by Load Model

Case

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ

[MW*s]

๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ

[MW*s]

Case EMS.

3786.6

61.9

Case 1.

4418.4

693.7

Case 2.

3786.6

Case EMS

Case 3.

3724.7

-

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” Case 3. ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด 0 ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ EMS ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” Case EMS. ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด 61.9[MW*s]๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ Case 1. ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ 693.7[MW*s]์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.

Case 2. ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ ์ตœ์†ŒํšŒ์ „์ˆ˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด EMS ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 18.62[%], ์ตœ์†Œ 1.66[%]๋กœ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. A์‹œ์ ์— ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์••์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„ ์ตœ์†Œ๋™์ž‘ ์ „์••์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์••์ด ๊ทธ ์ž„๊ณ„์ ์ด์ƒ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์‹œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ •์ „์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ตœ์ € ์ „์••์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉด ๊ด€์„ฑ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ CCT(Critical Clearing Time)๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ด€์„ฑ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ์ „์••ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋จ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํฐ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์ผํ•œ $\triangle P$๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ „์••๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 7. Characteristics of Relative Inertia with Respect to Time and Voltage Reduction in Case of Power System Failure

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2023.72.4.298/fig7.png

4. ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ํ‘œ 3์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ 3๊ธฐ 9๋ชจ์„  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ํ‘œ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4 ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

Table 4 Approach for Inertia Assessment Utilizing Load Inertia

๊ด€์„ฑ์ˆ˜์ค€

3๊ธฐ 9๋ชจ์„ 

[MW*s]

์ตœ์†Œ ๊ด€์„ฑ

3724.7 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ โ€œ๋ถˆ์•ˆโ€œ

๊ธฐ์ € ๊ด€์„ฑ

3786.6 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ โ€œ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„โ€œ

๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ

4418.4 ์ดํ•˜ โ€œ์—ฌ์œ โ€œ

์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ

4418.4 ์ดˆ๊ณผ โ€œ๊ฐ•๊ฑดโ€œ

๊ธฐ์ € ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ(EMS ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋น„์ค‘)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ EMS์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์—, ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ โ€œ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„โ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ตœ์†Œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ(์ • ์ „๋ ฅ100%)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„ ๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋น„์ค‘๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ EMS์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธก๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ€œ๋ถˆ์•ˆโ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ(์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค100%)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” EMS์—์„œ ๊ด€์ธก๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด FFR ๋ฐ SIR ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ณ‘์ž…๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์†Œ์š” ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€๋™๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ EMS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ž์›์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ . ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” EMS ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. EMS ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ Kinetic energy๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 3๊ธฐ 9๋ชจ์„  ์‹œํ—˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜, ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜, ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ Case study๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€๋™๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ด€์„ฑ, ๊ธฐ์ € ๊ด€์„ฑ, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋™์ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ด ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ • ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด 4418.4 [MW*s]๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ์ • ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์ • ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3786.6[MW*s] ๋ฐ 3724.7[MW*s]๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Z.I.P๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2021๋…„๋„ ๊ฐ€์ฒœ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž„(GCU-202104480001). This work was supported by the Gachon University research fund of 2021.(GCU-202104480001)

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ด์ข…ํ›ˆ(Jonghoon Lee)
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JongHoon Lee was born in Seongnam, Korea, in 1995. He earned his Bachelor's degree in Electrical Information Control from Dongseoul University and completed his Master's program in the Department of Next-Generation Smart Energy Convergence at Gachon University. Currently, he is pursuing his Ph.D. He worked as an undergraduate research student in the research room at Dongseoul University in Seongnam-si, Korea, from 2017 to 2021. Since 2021, he has been a graduate research student at Gachon University. His current research focuses on power system analysis and impact assessment, as well as real-time stability estimation of systems.

์†๋‹ค๋นˆ(Sonda Bin)
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Dabin Son was born in Seoul, Korea, in 1993. He received B.S degree in Electrical Information Control from Dong-Seoul University and M.S course in Department of Next-Generation Smart Energy Convergence from Gachon University. He is currently a Ph.D student at Gachon University. He worked as a undergraduate research student in Dongseoul University research room, Seongnam-si, Korea, from 2018 to 2021. He is currently graduate research student in Gachon University 2021 to current. His current research Power system analysis and impact assessment, System real-time stability estimation of power system.

์ •์˜๋ฏผ(Youngmin Jeong)
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Youngmin Jeong was born in Siheung, Korea, in 1999. He received B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Gachon University. He is currently attending the next-generation smart energy system convergence department as a master's degree from Gachon University. His current research is Power system transient analysis and System real-time stability estimation.

๊น€ํ•œ์˜(HanYeong Kim)
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HanYeong Kim was born in Seoul, Korea in 1999. He is a undergraduate research student in Gachon University research room, Seongnam- si, Korea, from 2022. His current research is Estimation Technology for Regional Inertia in power system.

ํ•œ์ƒ์šฑ(Snagwook Han)
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Sangwook Han was born in Seoul, Korea, in 1982. He received B.S., M.S. and Ph.D degrees in Electrical Engineering from Korea University, Seoul, Korea in 2004, 2006 and 2012 respectively.

He worked as a senior researcher in KEPRI, Daejeon, Korea, which was research institute of KEPCO from 2012 to 2016. He worked as an assistant professor in Dong Seoul University, Seongnam-si, Korea, from 2016 to 2021. He is currently an assistant professor in Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Korea, since 2021. His current research interest includes analysis, planning, calculation of power systems.

์ด๋™ํ˜ธ(Dongho Lee)
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Dongho Lee received B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Korea University, Korea. He is currently an assistant professor at the Department of electrical and control engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, Korea. His current research interests include power system, smart energy system, and wireless power transfer.