Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea

    (๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›)

  2. Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, The Cyber University of Korea, Seoul, 03051, Republic of Korea

    (๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ œ์–ด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ)

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea

    (๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ)




Plate-shell heat exchanger, Heat transfer, Pressure drop, Condensation
Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ, ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ, ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜, ์‘์ถ•

๊ธฐํ˜ธ์„ค๋ช…

A๏ผš์ „์—ด ๋ฉด์  [m2]
b๏ผš์ „์—ดํŒ ๊ณจ ๊นŠ์ด [mm]
Bo๏ผš๋น„๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜
Cp๏ผš๋น„์—ด [W/kg-K]
Dh๏ผš์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ์ง๊ฒฝ [mm]
f๏ผš๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜
G๏ผš์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์† [kg/m2s]
g๏ผš์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ€์†๋„ [m/s2]
h๏ผš์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ [W/m2-K]
k๏ผš์—ด์ „๋„์œจ [W/m-K]
L๏ผš์ „์—ดํŒ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ธธ์ด [mm]
l๏ผš๊ณจ ๊ธธ์ด [mm]
m ห™ ๏ผš์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ๋Ÿ‰ [kg/s]
N๏ผš์ „์—ดํŒ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜
Nu๏ผš๋ˆ„์…€ํŠธ ์ˆ˜
P๏ผš์••๋ ฅ [Pa]
Pr๏ผšํ”„๋ž€ํ‹€์ˆ˜
Q๏ผš์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰ [W]
q๏ผš์—ด์œ ์† [W/m2]
Re๏ผš๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์ฆˆ ์ˆ˜
T๏ผš์˜จ๋„ [โ„ƒ]
U๏ผš์ด๊ด„์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ [W/m2-K]
u๏ผš์†๋„ [m/s]
v๏ผš๋น„์ฒด์  [m3/kg]
x๏ผš๊ฑด๋„

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฌธ์ž

ฮฒ๏ผš์…ฐ๋ธŒ๋ก  ๊ฐ๋„ [ยฐ]
ฮผ : ๋™์ ์„ฑ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ [N-s/m2]
ฯ ๏ผš๋ฐ€๋„ [kg/m3]

ํ•˜์ฒจ์ž

a๏ผš๊ฐ€์†๋„
ele๏ผš๋†’์ด์ฐจ
eq๏ผš๋“ฑ๊ฐ€
fg๏ผšํฌํ™”๊ธฐ์ฒด์™€ ์•ก์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด
g๏ผš๊ธฐ์ฒด
i๏ผš์ž…๊ตฌ
l๏ผš์•ก์ฒด
lmtd๏ผš๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ
m๏ผšํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’
man๏ผš์ž…์ถœ๊ตฌ ํฌํŠธ
o๏ผš์ถœ๊ตฌ
r๏ผš๋ƒ‰๋งค
sat๏ผš์‘์ถ•์ƒํƒœ
tot๏ผš์ „์ฒด
tp๏ผš์ด์ƒ์ƒํƒœ
w๏ผš๋ฌผ

1. ์„œ๋ก 

์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ตœ์ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”-์…ธ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์••๋ ฅ, ์˜จ๋„์กฐ๊ฑดํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์šด์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํŒ์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ์…ธ์— ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ์ „์—ดํŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›ํ˜•์˜ ์ „์—ดํŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ์ „์—ดํŒ์€ ๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํŽธ์ค‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์—ดํŒ์ด ์œ ์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์ด์ƒ์œ ๋™ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์— ํ•œํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. Yan et al.(1)์€ ํŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ R134a์˜ ์‘์ถ• ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๊ฑด๋„, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†, ์—ด์œ ์† ๋ฐ ์‘์ถ•์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‘์ถ• ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์ผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํญ์ด ์‘์ถ• ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ด์œ ์† ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์‘์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฑด๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ๋ˆ„์…€ํŠธ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Kuo et al.(2)์€ ํŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ R-410A์˜ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๊ฑด๋„, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†, ์—ด์œ ์† ๋ฐ ์‘์ถ•์••๋ ฅ์ด ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑด๋„์— ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋งค ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†๊ณผ ์—ด์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŒํ˜•์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์ด์ƒ์œ ๋™์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์ด์ƒ์œ ๋™์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ R245fa๋Š” ์˜ค์กด ํŒŒ๊ดด์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0์ธ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ์จ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ž์ฃผ ์ด์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šด์ „๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ R245fa์˜ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑด๋„, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†, ์—ด์œ ์† ๋ฐ ์‘์ถ•์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” R245fa๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

Fig. 1์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—ดํŒ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‰๋ธŒ๋ก  ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” 50๋„๋กœ ์œ ๋กœ๋Š” 37๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Schematic of the tested plate.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2016.28.12.495/fig1.png

Fig. 2๋Š” Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์ธก ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋งค ์ˆœํ™˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” ์น ๋Ÿฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋œ ์ €์˜จ์ˆ˜์™€์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๋ƒ‰ ์•ก์ฒด์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์•ก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํ‹ฑ ๊ธฐ์–ดํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์˜จ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 30 kW์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํžˆํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€๋˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” ํžˆํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„ ์ด์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€ ๋‚ด ๋ƒ‰๋งค์••๋ ฅ์€ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€ ํ›„๋‹จ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ 10 RT๊ธ‰ ํŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Schematic of the experimental setup.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2016.28.12.495/fig2.png

์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋œ ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐ€์••ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ˆœํ™˜๋ถ€์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•œ ํŽŒํ”„๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ฒด ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ํƒฑํฌ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์—ดํžˆํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์—ดํžˆํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์กฐ์ •๊ธฐ(TPR)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํžˆํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฏธํ„ฐ(WT310-F-C2, accuracy ยฑ0.1%)๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ž…โ€ค์ถœ๊ตฌ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ๊ณ„(P201, accuracy ยฑ0.2%)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€ ์ž…ยท์ถœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜์•ก๊ธฐ ์ž…๊ตฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์—ดํžˆํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜จ๋„์„ผ์„œ(Omega A class, accuracy ยฑ0.05โ„ƒ)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€ ๋‚ด ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์—ฌ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„(Yokogawa, RCCX34, 0~977 kg/h, accuracy ยฑ0.52%)๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •์žฅ๋น„ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ์•ฝ ยฑ2.7%์ด๋ฉฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ยฑ0.5%์˜€๋‹ค. Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ R245fa์˜ ๊ฑด๋„, ์—ด์œ ์†, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์† ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹คํ—˜์€ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑด๋„๋Š” 0.22~0.82, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์€ 3~5 kg/m2s, ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์€ 0.61~0.81 MPa, ์—ด์œ ์†์€ 1~3 kW/m2๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋งค์ธก ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ธก ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ-๋ฌผ ๋‹จ์ƒ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ Fernandez-Seara et al.(3)์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ Wilson plot method๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ-๋ฌผ ๋‹จ์ƒ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์ธก ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํŒ์ธก๊ณผ ์…ธ์ธก์˜ ์—ดํ‰ํ˜•์€ ยฑ3% ์ด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ

์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ž…๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ๊ฑด๋„๋Š” ์ธก์ •๋œ ์—ด๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—”ํƒˆํ”ผ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท ๊ฑด๋„๋Š” ์ž…๊ตฌ์™€ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ๊ฑด๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ด„์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ €์˜จ์ธก(๋ฌผ์ธก) ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์‹(1)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1)
Q w = Q = m w ห™ C p , w ( T w , o - T w , i )

์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์‹(2)์—์„œ ์ด๊ด„ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ U๋Š” ์ €์˜จ์ธก๊ณผ ๊ณ ์˜จ์ธก์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜ ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ „์—ดํŒ์˜ ์ „๋„ ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(2)
Q = U A โˆ† T L M T D

(3)
โˆ† T L M T D = [ ( T r , i - T w , o ) - ( T r , o - T w , i ) ] l n [ ( T r , i - T w , o ) / ( T r , o - T w , i ) ]

(4)
1 U = 1 h w + 1 k + 1 h r

hw์™€ hr์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹จ์ƒ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. hw๋Š” ๋ฌผ-๋ฌผ ๋‹จ์ƒ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์ธ ์‹(5)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(5)
N U u = 0 . 0484 R e 0 . 84 P r 1 / 3

๋ƒ‰๋งค์ธก ์‘์ถ• ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ฮ”Ptot๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€์˜ ์ž…ยท์ถœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์‹(6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

(6)
โˆ† P t o t = P i - P o

๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ฮ”Pf๋Š” ์‹(7)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ฮ”Ptot์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ฮ”Pa, ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€์˜ ์ž…, ์ถœ๊ตฌ ํฌํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ฮ”Pman, ์ˆ˜์ง ์ƒํ–ฅ ์œ ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ฮ”Pele๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

(7)
โˆ† P f = โˆ† P t o t - โˆ† P a - โˆ† P m a n - โˆ† P e l e

๊ฐ€์†๋„ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง ์ƒํ–ฅ ์œ ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” Collier(4)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ด์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒด-์•ก์ฒด ์œ ๋™ ๊ท ์งˆ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹(8) ๋ฐ ์‹(9)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ€์˜ ์ž…ยท์ถœ๊ตฌ ํฌํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ฮ”Pman๋Š” Shah์™€ Focke(5)๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์‹(10)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(8)
โˆ† P a = G 2 v f g โˆ† x

(9)
โˆ† P e l e = g L v m

(10)
โˆ† P m a n = 1 . 5 ( u m 2 2 v m )

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ um์€ ํ‰๊ท ์œ ์†์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ท ์งˆ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์†๋„๋Š” ์‹(11)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(11)
u m = G v m

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์˜์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ถ• ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹(12)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(12)
f t p = โˆ† P f D h 2 G 2 v m L

4. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

Fig. 3์€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์† ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด 5 kg/m2s์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 4, 3 kg/m2s์ผ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ‰๊ท  10%, 19% ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฑด๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์† ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๋„๊ฐ€ 0.5 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค 0.5 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท ๊ฑด๋„๊ฐ€ 0.3์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด 3 kg/m2s์—์„œ 5 kg/m2s๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 18% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ‰๊ท ๊ฑด๋„๊ฐ€ 0.8์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•ฝ 31% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฑด๋„์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์–‡์•„์ ธ์„œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 3. Condensation heat transfer coefficient with mean vapor quality at various mass fluxes.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2016.28.12.495/fig3.png

Fig. 4๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค ์••๋ ฅ, ์—ด์œ ์† ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด 5 kg/m2s์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ 3, 4 kg/m2s์ผ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 44%, 17% ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋‹น ์šด๋™์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋™ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ปค์ ธ์„œ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฑด๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋”์šฑ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Frictional pressure drop with mean vapor quality at various mass fluxes.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2016.28.12.495/fig4.png

Fig. 5๋Š” ์—ด์œ ์†์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑด๋„์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์œ ์†์ด 3 kW/m2์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1, 2 kW/m2์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 24%, 10% ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์—ด์œ ์†์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฑด๋„์—์„œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ฑด๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ด์œ ์†์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 5. Condensation heat transfer coefficient with mean vapor quality at various heat fluxes.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2016.28.12.495/fig5.png

Fig. 6์€ ์—ด์œ ์† ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ด์œ ์†์ด 3 kW/m2์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ 1, 2 kW/m2์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 35%, 18% ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋‚ด์œ ๋™์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์œ ์†์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•œ Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์œ ์†์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ด์œ ์†์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ก์ฒดํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์„ฑ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋™์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7์€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†๊ณผ ์—ด์œ ์†์„ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ(์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„)์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์ด 0.61 MPa์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.71, 0.81 MPa์ผ ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•ฝ 5.6%, 7.5% ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ƒ๋ฅ˜ ์œ ๋™ํŒจํ„ด์—์„œ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์•ก์ฒด ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ , ๊ธฐํฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ(6) ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์œ„์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8์€ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์ด 0.61 MPa ์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ 0.71, 0.81 MPa์ผ ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•ฝ 6.8%, 15.4% ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†๊ณผ ์—ด์œ ์†์„ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์•ก์ฒด ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋™์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์ฆˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š”(7)์‹(13)์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ฑด๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹(14)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค.

(13)
G e q = G [ ( 1 - x m ) + x ( ฯ l / ฯ g ) 0 . 5 ]

(14)
R e e q = G e q D h ฮผ l

์‹คํ—˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†๊ณผ ์—ด์œ ์†์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์€ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์ฆˆ ์ˆ˜(Reeq), ํ”„๋ž€ํ‹€ ์ˆ˜(Pr)์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(15)
N u = 2 . 118 R e e q 0 . 45 P r 1 / 3

๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์€ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์ฆˆ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜(Bo)์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(16)
f t p = 11969 . 31 R e e q - 0 . 77 B o - 0 . 25

Fig. 9๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ 90% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ยฑ15% ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 9. Comparison of the correlation for condensation heat transfer coefficient with the measured data.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2016.28.12.495/fig9.png

Fig. 10์€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ 90% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ยฑ20% ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 10. Comparison of the correlation for friction factor with the measured data.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2016.28.12.495/fig10.png

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ R245fa์˜ ์šด์ „๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์‘์ถ•์••๋ ฅ, ์—ด์œ ์†, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์† ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1) ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†๊ณผ ์—ด์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(2) ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํฌํ™”์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ก์ฒด ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ ธ์„œ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

(3) ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ Plate-shell ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ R245fa์˜ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•ฝ 90% ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฒ”์œ„ ยฑ15% ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ 90% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ยฑ20% ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ›„ ๊ธฐ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€ ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…(์ƒ์‚ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, No. 10049090)์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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