Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

  1. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (Department of Architectural Engineering Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea)
  2. (์ฃผ)์ง€์ง€์ผ€์ด (GGK Company Limited, 69-63 Sansu-ro, 12737, Korea)
  3. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ง€์—ดํ˜‘ํšŒ (Korea Groundwater and Geothermal energy Assosiation, Seoul, 06349, Korea)



ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ๊ธฐ์ˆ (Pairing technology), ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ง€์—ด์ •(Two-well), ์ˆ˜์ฃผ ์ง€์—ด์ •(Standing Column Well), ์‹ค์ฆ ์‹คํ—˜(Real-scale experiment)

๊ธฐํ˜ธ์„ค๋ช…

c๏ผš๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น„์—ด [kJ/kgโ€คK]
H.COP๏ผšํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜
mload๏ผš๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ [kg/s]
Qload๏ผšํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ [kW]
S.COP๏ผš์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜
Wsp๏ผš์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ [kW]
Whp๏ผšํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ [kW]
Wcp1๏ผš์—ด์›์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ [kW]
Wcp2๏ผš๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ [kW]

1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ด์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์—์„œ, ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์—ฐ์ค‘ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ด์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€ ์—ด์› ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ด์šฉ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ (Groundwater Heat Pump, GWHP) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐ€ํํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์„ค์น˜๋ถ€์ง€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋  ๋•Œ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ€ํํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง€์—ด๊ณต ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์˜ ์–‘, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ, ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ง€์งˆ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ† ์–‘ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์˜์— ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ง€๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์šด์ „๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, Sciacovelli et al.(3)๊ณผ Park et al.(4)์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„์ธ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ์–‘ ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ง€์งˆ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ฒ€ํ† ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Russo and Civita(5)๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์—ด๊ณต ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Kim et al.(6)์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, Bae et al.(7)์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ์–‘ ๋‚ด ์ง€์ค‘์—ด ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ด๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ์ž…์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(8)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์šด์ „์‹œ ๊ด€์ • ๋ง‰ํž˜(Clogging)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ž…์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ํ† ์ถœ(Overflow)๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šด์ „์ œํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž, ๊ด€์ • ๊ฐ„ ๋„์ˆ˜ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜์  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ž…์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์šด์ „์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์šด์ „์ˆ˜๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ์š”

๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ž…์ •์˜ ๋„˜์นจ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์ „ ์ œํ•œ์ด๋‚˜ ์šด์ „ ์ •์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์–‘ ๊ด€์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ด์›์ด์šฉ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 1์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ž…์ • ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋„์ˆ˜ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์œ„์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–‘ ๊ด€์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Groundwater flow according to system operation.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2018.30.4.186/fig1.png

๋˜ํ•œ, ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ž…์ • ์–‘์ธก์— ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์–‘ ๊ด€์ •์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ง€์งˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฃผ์ž… ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ „ํ™˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ทจ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ž…๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์—ด์˜ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฐ ๊ด€์ • ๋‚ด ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์™ธ์—๋„, ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์šด์ „์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฐจ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐœ์š” ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

3.1 ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐœ์š”

๋ณธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ ๋…ธ์›๊ตฌ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ S๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž… ์ „ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ํ™•๋ณด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ์นจ์ „๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰ํ–‰๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ค๊ณ„ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋™์ผ ๋ถ€์ง€๋‚ด์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Fig. 2 ์ฐธ์กฐ). ๋‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์ธต์—์„œ ์—ด์›์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–‘์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ด๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 21 m๋ฅผ ์ด๊ฒฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 3์€ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ Well 1 ์ง€์—ด๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, Well 1 ์ง€์—ด๊ณต์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ์€ 300 mm, ์‹ฌ๋„ 500 m๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง€์—ด๊ณต์€ Well 2~Well 5 ์ด 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€์—ด๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ด๊ณต์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ 300 mm, ์‹ฌ๋„ 250 m์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋„์ˆ˜๊ด€์€ Well 2์™€ Well 3 ์ง€์—ด๊ณต ์‚ฌ์ด์™€ Well 4์™€ Well 5 ์ง€์—ด๊ณต ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋„์ˆ˜๊ด€์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ 125 mm, ๊ธธ์ด 15m๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ  ๋™ํŒŒ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ์ง€์—ญ ๋™๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ๋„(2)์ดํ•˜์ธ ์‹ฌ๋„ 1.5 m ์ง€์ ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„๋Š” Well 2, Well 4, Well 5 ์ง€์—ด๊ณต์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜จ๋„์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋™์ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋™๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ด 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Table 1 ์ฐธ์กฐ). ์šด์ „๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์—ด์›์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •์—์„œ ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Well 4์™€ Well 5๋Š” ์–‘ ์ธก์— ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ž…์ • ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ตํ™˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ €๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŽŒํ”„ ์–‘์ •์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ฃผ์ž…์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ํ† ์ถœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šด์ „์ œํ•œ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„์ ˆ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์‹œ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์—ด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ Mode 1์˜ ์šด์ „๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Borehole Site Plan.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2018.30.4.186/fig2.png

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of Ground Source Heat Pump(GSHP) System.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2018.30.4.186/fig3.png

Table 1. Operating Mode

Operating Mode

Supply Well

Diffusion Well

Mode 1

Well 3

Well 2

Mode 2

Well 4

Well 5

Mode 3

Well 5

Well 4

๊ธฐ์กด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ผ ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์™€ ํŒํ˜•์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์€ Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 2. System Configuration

System sections

Specification

SCW

Two-Well Pairing

Well side

Borehole

Number

1

4

Depth

500 m

250 m

Diameter

300 mm

300 mm

Submersible pump

Depth

50 m

50 m

Power

3.7 kW

3.7 kW

Heat Pump side

Heat exchanger

Heat exchange capacity

104.6 kW

Design temperature

120โ„ƒ

Heat pump

Heat exchange type

Water to water

Heating capacity

88.2 kW

Cooling capacity

84.5 kW

Circulation pump

Power

1.5 kW

Load side

Heat storage tank

Capacity

3,094 L

Circulation pump

Power

1.5 kW

3.2 ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์€ 2017๋…„ 9์›” 10์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 9์›” 28์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์šด์ „์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์šด์ „์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜จ๋„(10โ„ƒยฑ2โ„ƒ)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋™ ๋ฐ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 08:00~22:00์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ† ์š”์ผ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ฃผ์ค‘๊ณผ ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ์šด์ „์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. Table 3์— ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 3. Experiment Condition

Factor

Condition

Building type

Library

Cooling load temperature set

10โ„ƒ

Deadbend set

2โ„ƒ

Maximum heat exchanger flow rate set

324 L/min

Maximum heat pump flow rate set

246 L/min

Maximum load flow rate Set

246 L/min

Operation period

9/10~9/28

Operation time

08:00~22:00(14 hours)

3.3 ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋‘ ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ์—ด์›์ธก ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก์˜ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ(ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„, ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„, ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„)์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹(1), ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹(2)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

(1)
H . C O P = โˆ‘ Q l o a d โˆ‘ W h p

(2)
S . C O P = โˆ‘ Q l o a d โˆ‘ W h p + โˆ‘ W s p + โˆ‘ W c p 1 + โˆ‘ c p 2

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Qload๋Š” ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹(3)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(3)
Q l o a d = m l o a d ร— c ร— ฮ” T l o a d

์‹(3)์— ์ด์šฉ๋œ โ–ณTload๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜จ๋„์™€ ํ™˜์ˆ˜์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

4. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

4.1 ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์™€ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 4(a)์€ ์ „์ฒด ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ • ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Tas(Heat Source_In)์€ ์‹ฌ์ •์ธก์—์„œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋™์ด ์ •์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ตœ์†Œ 21.2โ„ƒ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 25.2โ„ƒ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 23.5โ„ƒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Tbs(Heat Source_Out)๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹ฌ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„๋กœ์จ Tas์™€ ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ๋Š” 4.0โ„ƒ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Tcs(Heat Pump_In)๊ณผ Tds(Heat Pump_Out)๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ํ›„ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž…์ˆ˜์˜จ๋„์™€ ์ถœ์ˆ˜์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Tcs๋Š” Tas์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์ „์— ๊ฐ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Tcs์™€ Tds๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ‰๊ท  25.9โ„ƒ์™€ 30.3โ„ƒ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Tes(Load_In)์™€ Tfs(Load_Out)๋Š” ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์™€ ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก ์ž…ยท์ถœ๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Tes์™€ Tfs์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5.3โ„ƒ, 9.1โ„ƒ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด ์‹ฌ์ •์ธก(Fas), ์—ด์›์ธก(Fbs), ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก (Fcs) ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 279 L/min, 231 L/min, 231 L/min์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4(b)๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ • ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Tat(Heat Source_In)์™€ Tbt(Heat Source_Out)๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ •๊ณผ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Tat์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 15.5โ„ƒ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 17โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€์™€ ์ตœ์†Œ ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ 1.5โ„ƒ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Tat์™€ Tbt์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 16.4โ„ƒ์™€ 20.3โ„ƒ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Tct(Heat Pump_In)์™€ Tdt(Heat Pump_Out)๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์™€ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 18.7โ„ƒ์™€ 23.5โ„ƒ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. Tet(Load_In)์™€ Tft(Load_Out)๋Š” ํžˆํŠธ ํŽŒํ”„์™€ ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5.5โ„ƒ์™€ 10.3โ„ƒ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์‹ฌ์ •์ธก(Fat) 296 L/min, ์—ด์›์ธก(Fbt) 232 L/min, ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก(Fct) 230 L/min๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Temperature variation of heat source, heat pump and Load side during operation.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2018.30.4.186/fig4.png

SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ Heat Source_In(Ta)์™€ Heat Pump_In(Tc)์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 7.1โ„ƒ, 7.2โ„ƒ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ด€์ •์—์„œ ์ทจ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ด ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋‘ ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ Load_In(Te)์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ์ด๋Š” 0.6โ„ƒ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋™์ผ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์—ด์›์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋‘ ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 17 L/min์œผ๋กœ 6%์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

4.2 ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 5(a)๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„(Whp.s), ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„(Wsp.s), ์—ด์›์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„(Wcp1.s), ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„(Wcp2.s)์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 4.7 kW์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„๋Š” 1.1 kW, ์—ด์›์ธก๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.4 kW๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ 6.6 kW๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5(b)๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„(Whp.t), ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„(Wsp.t), ์—ด์›์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„(Wcp1.t), ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„(Wcp2.t)์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ(Whp.t)์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 4.0 kW๋กœ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, 0.7 kW์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„(Wsp.t), ์—ด์›์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„(Wcp1.t), ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ธก ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„(Wcp2.t)์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1.1 kW, 0.4 kW, 0.4 kW๋กœ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ 5.9 kW๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5. Power consumption of the system.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2018.30.4.186/fig5.png

ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค 18% ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ 12%์˜ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—ด์›์˜จ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์šด์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ €๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„๋™๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

4.3 ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„

๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ž์„œ ์‹(3)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰(Qload)์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‰๊ท  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 20.8 kW, ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ 23.8 kW๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ด์›์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ด์›์˜จ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ ๋‘ ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(H.COP)์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(S.COP)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ H.COP์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4.8๊ณผ 6.5๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด 36% ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, S.COP๋Š” SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด 3.4, ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด 4.3์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด COP๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค 29%๋Š” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. Cooling performance of the SCW system and Two-well pairing system.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2018.30.4.186/fig6.png

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ €๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ž…์ •์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์œ„ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ์šด์ „์ œํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋™์ผ ๋ถ€์ง€ ๋‚ด์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์ผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„(Ta)์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค 7.1โ„ƒ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”, SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตด์ฐฉ ์‹ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์ผ๊ด€์ •์—์„œ ์ทจ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ž…์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

(2) ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์ž์ธ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„(Tc)๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„(Ta)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

(3) ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ •ํŽŒํ”„ ๋ฐ ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค 18% ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค 12% ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ • ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(4) ๋‘ ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(H.COP)์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(S.COP)๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค H.COP๋Š” 36%, S.COP๋Š” 29% ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ • ํŽ˜์–ด๋ง ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด SCW ์ง€์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์šด์ „์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ›„ ๊ธฐ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด‰์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์ง€์›(17CTAP-C116546-02)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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