Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

  1. ์ „๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ณต์กฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ ( Graduate Student, Department of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Eng, Graduate Schcool Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Korea. )
  2. ์ „๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ณต์กฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜ ( Assistant Professor, Department of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Eng, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Korea. )



Liquid injection(์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜), Showcase(์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค), Satuation compression cycle(ํฌํ™”์••์ถ•์‚ฌ์ดํด)

๊ธฐํ˜ธ์„ค๋ช…

COP๏ผš ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณ„์ˆ˜
EEV๏ผš ์ „์ž์‹ํŒฝ์ฐฝ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ
LI๏ผš ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜
$\dot m$inj๏ผš ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ [kg/h]
Pinj๏ผš ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์••๋ ฅ [kPa]
Qcooling๏ผš ๋ƒ‰๋™์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ [W]
Tdis๏ผš ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ ์˜จ๋„ [K]
VI๏ผš ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜

1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ 

์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋Š” ์œก๋ฅ˜, ์–ด๋ฅ˜, ์œ ์ œํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋™, ๋ƒ‰์žฅ์‹ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ง„์—ด ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™œ ํŒจํ„ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ‰์„์‹ํ’ˆ, ๊ฐ€๊ณต์‹ํ’ˆ, ์œก๊ฐ€๊ณตํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ฐฑํ™”์ , ํ• ์ธ๋งˆํŠธ, ํŽธ์˜์ ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์ตœ๊ทผ COVID-19์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์—๋„ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ฐ„ํŽธ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(1) ๋˜ํ•œ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋Š” 365์ผ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋Š” ์ผ€์ด์Šค, ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ, ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ, ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ, ํŒฌ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ์™€ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ƒ‰๋งค๊ฐ€ ์‘์ถ•๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™ธ๊ธฐ ์—ด์›์˜ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ํŽธ์˜์ ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋“ค์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋™์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์ฐจ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ˜• ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์ ธ์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ์— ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ ์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(2,3) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜์€ ๊ธฐ์•ก ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน ๋ฐ ๋น„์ •์ƒ ์ž‘๋™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œ์–ด์šฉ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ† ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์‹œ์ผœ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.(4) ํŠนํžˆ ์•ก์ƒ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•ก์••์ถ•์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์••์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์ด ํฌํ™” ๊ณก์„ ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ ธ ์••์ถ•ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ œ์–ด์— ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‹ค.(5)

์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, Haselden(6)์ด ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ์— ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Sami and Tulej(7)์€ R410A, R407C ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Liu et al.(8)์€ ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธ‰ํƒ•์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ œ์–ด์— ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” Jeon et al.(9)์ด ์•ก์••์ถ• ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์  ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํ™€์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ•ด์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ˜• ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋Š” R410A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ์ง€์ˆ˜(GWP)๊ฐ€ 2088๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. R32๋Š” GWP๊ฐ€ R410A์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—†์ด ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ์—์„œ R410A์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(10) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ R32์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค ๋น„์—ด๋น„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด R410A์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.(11)

๊ธฐ์กด์— ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ํšจ์œจ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ถ”์šดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, R410A์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” R32๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜๊ณผ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ R410A์™€ R32๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ์˜ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํฌํ™” ์••์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ multi-stage ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์ œ์–ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ค€ํฌํ™”์••์ถ•(quasi-saturation compression) ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ƒ‰๋งค R32 ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์„ค๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์šฉ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ•ด์„

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ํ•ด์„์„ EES(Engineering Equation Solver) ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.(12) ํ•ด์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ R410A์™€ R32๋ฅผ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค์šฉ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ธ์ ์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Šคํฌ๋กค ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์šฉ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ƒ‰๋™์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ COP๋ฅผ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1)
$Q_{eva}=\dot m(h_{evaout}-h_{eva\in})$

(2)
$COP=\dfrac{Q_{cool\in g}}{W_{comp}}$

Fig. 1์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด, ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด, ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ P-h์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. P-h์„ ๋„์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์žˆ๋Š” Two-stage cycle๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ๊ธฐ์•ก๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๊ฐ€ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ํ›„ 1์ฐจ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ํ›„ ๊ธฐ์•ก๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์•ก์ƒ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” ์žฌํŒฝ์ฐฝ ํ›„ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ๋‚ด๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๊ฐ€ 1๋‹จ ์••์ถ•๋˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ ์…˜๋˜์–ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์™€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ํ›„ 2๋‹จ ์••์ถ•๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๊ฐ€ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ถ•๋œ ํ›„ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํฌํŠธ์™€ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ตœ์  ์ œ์–ด๋˜์–ด ์ธ์ ์…˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์™€ 1๋‹จ ์••์ถ•๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” ํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. P-h์„ ๋„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋“ฏ์ด ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์ตœ์  ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์••์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์ด ํฌํ™”๊ณก์„ ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2๋Š” ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค์šฉ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์‚ฌ์ดํด COP(coefficient of performance)๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ํ›„ ์ตœ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ 2๋‹จ์••์ถ• ๋ƒ‰๋™์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‘์ถ•์••๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ COP๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์••๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์••๋ ฅ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1 P-h diagrams of baseline, vapor and liquid injection cycle.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2021.33.4.190/fig1.png

Table 1. Thernodynamic perperites of refrigerants

R410A

R32

Compression ratio

2.35

2.40

Critical pressure(kPa)

4926

5783

Critical temperature(โ„ƒ)

72.1

78.1

Discharge temperature(โ„ƒ)

73.8

89.6

Liquid density(kg m-3) @ 25โ„ƒ

1065

961

Vapor density(kg m-3) @ 10โ„ƒ

41.9

30.2

Latent heat(kJ kg-1)

213

299

Cooling capacity per unit mass(kJ kg-1)

45.0

66.4

Boiling point(โ„ƒ)

-48.5

-52.0

GWP

2088

675

Safety class

A1

A2L

Fig. 2 Flow chart of modelling of injection cycle.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2021.33.4.190/fig2.png

ISO ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ ISO 16358-1(13)์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„ 51โ„ƒ, ์ฆ๋ฐœ์˜จ๋„ 8โ„ƒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์™ธ๊ธฐ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •๊ฒฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ 51โ„ƒ์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 60โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณผ์—ด๋„์™€ ๊ณผ๋ƒ‰๋„๋Š” 3โ„ƒ๋กœ, ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ์—”ํƒˆํ”ผํšจ์œจ์€ 70%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋งค R410A์™€ R32์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์„ Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. R32๋Š” R410A์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž ์—ด์ด ํฌ๊ณ  GWP๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง๋œ ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ R410A์™€ R32๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์ดํด, ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ ๋ณ„ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์  ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ R410A์™€ R32์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน ์‹œ ์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋‹จ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  R32 ์ด์šฉ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋‹จ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

Fig. 3์€ R410A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ, ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜, ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ COP, ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ์ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์€ ํฌํ™”์˜จ๋„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ COP๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ COP๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•ž์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์™€ 1๋‹จ ์••์ถ•๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” ํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••์ถ•ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 3(b)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌํ™”์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ธ์ ์…˜ ๋˜์–ด ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Fig. 3(c)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์ด ํฌํ™”๊ณก์„ ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ ธ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ์ผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด๋‚˜ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ COP๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ตœ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ COP๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๋Š” 30โ„ƒ์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 3(d)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๊ณ  ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ์ตœ์ข… ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 1๋‹จ ์••์ถ•์—์„œ ํ† ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ  ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์ตœ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 36โ„ƒ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 3 Comparison between various cycles of (a) COP, (b) cooling capacity, (c) compressor power, and (d) discharge temperature.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2021.33.4.190/fig3.png

Fig. 4๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„์—์„œ R410A์™€ R32๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋“ค์˜ COP์™€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. R32๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ R410A์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ COP๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 99.95โ„ƒ๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์—์„œ ์ตœ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ R410A์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ 10.1%์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, 3.2โ„ƒ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ R32์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ 6.5%์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, 3.7โ„ƒ์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์—์„œ ์ตœ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ R410A์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1.4%์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ, 22.2โ„ƒ์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ R32์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์—์„œ 34.1โ„ƒ์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋” ๋†’์€ COP๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ R410A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉฐ R32๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. R410A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ R32๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ COP๋Š” 4.7% ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 15.6โ„ƒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ R32๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค์šฉ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ GWP, COP, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4 Variations in COP and discharge temperature at optimum injection pressure.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2021.33.4.190/fig4.png

Fig. 5 Variations in COP and discharge temperature of cycles.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2021.33.4.190/fig5.png

3.2 ์‘์ถ• ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

์•ž์˜ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์‘์ถ• ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‘์ถ• ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์  ์ธ์ ์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 5๋Š” R410A์™€ R32๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋“ค์˜ ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ (a) COP์™€ (b) ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ 51โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 60โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 5(a)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก COP๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ R32์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 51โ„ƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ 6.5%, 60โ„ƒ์—์„œ 9.4% ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ R32๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 117.4โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋†’์€ ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„ 51โ„ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ R410A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค 60โ„ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ R32๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ธฐ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋†’์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ R32๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.3 Multi-Stage ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ

Fig. 6์€ R32๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ์ธ์ ์…˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 1~3๋ฒˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋“ค์˜ P-h ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ •๊ฒฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผ๋ƒ‰๋„์™€ ๊ณผ์—ด๋„๋Š” 3โ„ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์  ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋„์ƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์ด ํฌํ™”์„ ๋„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌํ™”์••์ถ•์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ ธ ์••์ถ•ํšจ์œจ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 6 Saturation compression injection cycles with liquid injection on P-h diagrams.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2021.33.4.190/fig6.png

Fig. 7์€ (a) R410A (b) R32๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ COP์™€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ณ„ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์€ ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ตœ์  ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋ŠฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. R32 ์‚ฌ์ดํด์€ R410A ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋‹จ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋†’์€ COP๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ COP์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ R410A์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ COP๊ฐ€ ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ R32์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œํญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์•ž์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€๊ฐ™์ด ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ํ† ์ถœ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. R410A ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1~3ํšŒ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ 27.2%, 32.1%, 33.5%์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ R32 ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ 34.1%, 43.6%, 44.4%์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ƒ‰๋งค ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ชจ๋‘ 3๋‹จ๊ณผ 4๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌํ™”์••์ถ•์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ ธ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์••์ถ•ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ํšŸ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 1~2ํšŒ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ƒ‰๋งค R32๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 60โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์˜ COP์™€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด COP๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ COP ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—ญ์‹œ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ 117.4โ„ƒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ 32.9%, 39.6%, 44.7%์˜ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ R32๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ๋†’์€ ์™ธ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ปธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์•ž์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์šด์ „์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„๊ต์  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ค์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ 3ํšŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ค€ํฌํ™”์••์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋˜์–ด COP์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์—†์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7 Variations in COP and discharge temperature with different cycle options.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2021.33.4.190/fig7.png

Fig. 8 Variations in COP and discharge temperature with different cycle options under high condensing temperature condition.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2021.33.4.190/fig8.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜๊ณผ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ•ด์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ƒ‰๋งค R32์˜ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1) ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ์ ์…˜๊ณผ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ตœ์  ์ธ์ ์…˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, R410A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋Œ€๋น„ R32๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ COP 4.7% ์ƒ์Šน, ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ 15.6โ„ƒ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(2) ์™ธ๊ธฐ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋†’์€ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ R32๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(3) ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜์˜ ํšŸ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ํฌํ™”์••์ถ•์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ ธ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์••์ถ•ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 2ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ R32 ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์‘์ถ•์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ ์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 3ํšŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(4) ์†Œํ˜• ์‡ผ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ƒ‰๋งค R32๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ COP ๋ฐ ํ† ์ถœ์˜จ๋„ ์ œ์–ด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์•ก์ธ์ ์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž„์„ ํ•ด์„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ›„ ๊ธฐ

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ „๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ : 2020-1929)์™€ 2020๋…„๋„ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ(2020R1A6C101B197)์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„.

References

1 
Park K., Yoon D., Chun J., Lee G., Son W., 2015, A Study on the Energy Saving Performance by Installed Energy Monitoring System in Convenience Store, Journal of KIAEBS, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 235-241Google Search
2 
Beak C., Heo J., Jung J., Cho H., Kim Y., 2014, Effects of the Cylinder Volume Ratio of a Twin Rotary Compressor on the Heating Performance of a Vapor Injection CO2 Cycle, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 67, No. 1-2, pp. 89-96DOI
3 
Lee S., Jeon Y., Kim B., Yun S., Kim Y., 2019, Simulation-Based Comparative Seasonal Performance Evaluation of Single-Stage Heat Pump and Modulated Two-Stage Injection Heat Pump Using Rotary Compressors with Various Cylinder Volume Ratios, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 159DOI
4 
Dutta A., Yanagisawa T., Fukuta M., 2001, An Investigation of the Performance of a Scroll Compressor Under Liquid Refrigerant Injection, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 577-587DOI
5 
Lee H., Hwang Y., Radermacher R., Chun H., 2013, Potential Benefits of Saturation Cycle with Two-Phase Refrigerant Injection, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 56, No. 1-2, pp. 27-37DOI
6 
Haselden G. G., 1976, Refrigerant Screw Compression with Liquid Refrigerant Injection, U.S. Patent, No. 3931718Google Search
7 
Sami S., Tulej P., 2001, A New Design for an Air Source Heat Pump Using a Ternary Mixture for Cold Climates, Heat Recovery System & CHP, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 521-529DOI
8 
Liu F., Huang H., Ma Y., Zhuang R., 2008, An Experimental Study on the Heat Pump Water Heater System with Refrigerant Injection, In : Proceedings of Internaional Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, pp. 1-5Google Search
9 
Jeon Y., Lee S., Kim W., Jung J., Kim Y., 2017, Numerical Study on the Optimal Design of Injection-Hole Geometries of a Twin Rotary Compressor in a Liquid Injection Heat Pump, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 113, pp. 1178-1188DOI
10 
Lillo G., Mastrullo R., Mauro A., Viscito L., 2019, Flow Boiling of R32 in a Horizontal Stainless Steel Tube with 6.00 mm ID. Experiments, Assessment of Correlations and Comparison with Refrigerant, R410A International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 97, pp. 143-156DOI
11 
Jie X., Xianmin G., Liping X., 2017, Experimental Study on Performance of Flash-Tank Vapor Injection Air-Source Heat Pump System with Refrigerant R32, Energy Procedia, Vol. 142, pp. 950-956DOI
12 
F-chart Software , 2012, EESGoogle Search
13 
ISO 16358-1 , 2013, Air-cooled air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps-Testing and calculating methods for seasonal performance factors-Part 1: cooling seasonal performance factor, International Standards OrganizationGoogle Search