Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

  1. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์ƒ (PhD Candidate, School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 45 Anam-ro, 0284, Korea)
  2. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ (์ฃผ) ์ˆ˜์„ (Principal Research Engineer, Korea District Heating Engineering Co., Ltd. 135 Beobwon-ro, 05836, Korea)
  3. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Research Engineer, Center for Urban Energy Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14 Hwarang-ro 5, 02792, Korea)



์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์‹œ์ถ”๊ณต์‹ ๊ณ„๊ฐ„์ถ•์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฉด์ 
Geothermal Source Heat Pump System, Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System, heat pump capacity, land area occupancy

๊ธฐํ˜ธ์„ค๋ช…

A๏ผš ๋ฉด์  [m$^{2}$]
D๏ผš ์ง๊ฒฝ [mm]
C๏ผš ์„ฑ๋Šฅ [kW]
COP๏ผš ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ [-]
P๏ผš ์ „๋ ฅ [kW]
T๏ผš ์˜จ๋„ [โ„ƒ]

ํ•˜์ฒจ์ž

HP๏ผš ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„
i๏ผš ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ ์ž…๊ตฌ
o๏ผš ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ ์ถœ๊ตฌ

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž๋ฆฝ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ทœ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๏ฝข์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ํ–ฅํ‰๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ก€๏ฝฃ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2020๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฉด์  90,000~300,000 m$^{2}$ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 20%๋ฅผ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ ์˜๋ฌดํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 1์—์„œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ 115โ„ƒ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 3์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”์—ด ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 60 โ„ƒ์˜ ์ €์˜จ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 4์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์˜ค์ฝ”ํ†ก์Šค์˜ Drake Landing Solar Community(DLSC)์—์„œ๋Š” 10๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์šด์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 52๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์— ์ €์˜จ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ด๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ 90% ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€(1)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ฐ„์ถ•์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ธ์ž…์œ„์น˜์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.(2) ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์„œ์šธ์— 4์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.(3)

Table 1 Characteristics of district heating by generation

1$^{st}$ generation

2$^{nd}$ generation

3$^{rd}$ generation

4$^{th}$ generation

Year

1880~1930

1930~1980

1980~2020

2020~2050

Heat supply

Fossil fuel

Fossil fuel, waste

Fossil fuel, biomass, industrial waste heat

Renewable energy

Heat source

Boiler

CHP, dedicated boiler

Large CHP, dedicated boiler

Recycled heat source

Temperature

200 โ„ƒ

115~ โ„ƒ

80~115 โ„ƒ

60 โ„ƒ

Demand

Apartments and commercial buildings

Apartments and commercial buildings

Apartments and commercial buildings

Low energy buildings

Supply method

Unilateral supply

Unilateral supply

Unilateral supply

Two-way thermal trading, Smart grid

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์—ด์ „๋„๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํ™”๊ฐ•์•”์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ์ค‘ ์ž์›์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ํ˜• ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋„์‹ฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ง€์ƒ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐ€ํํ˜• ๋ณด์–ดํ™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ 2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•๋‹จ์ง€์— ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์„ ํžˆํŠธ์†Œ์Šค๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ํžˆํŠธ์‹ฑํฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์ถ”๊ณต์‹ ๊ณ„๊ฐ„์ถ•์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(BTES)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ด๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ ๋น„๊ต

2.1 ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์˜จ๋„-์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„

Qian and Wang(4)์€ Fig. 1์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด 5 m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ณด์–ดํ™€ 25๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ๋Œ€์ง€์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ค‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ด์„ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ด์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์ „์šฉ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ ํ‰๊ท ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ์ธก ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ 60โ„ƒ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•ด ๋†“๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ธก ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์ „์šฉ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ์ธก์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ธก์€ ์—ด์›์ธก์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ ์ž…๊ตฌ์— ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ $T_{i}$๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ ์ถœ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ˆœํ™˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ $T_{o}$๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ Fischer and Rice(5)์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.(6)

(1)
$C_{HP}=a_{0}T_{i}+a_{2}T_{i}^{2}+a_{3}T_{o}+a_{4}T_{o}^{2}+a_{5}T_{i}T_{o}$
(2)
$P_{HP}=b_{0}+b_{1}T_{i}+b_{2}T_{i}^{2}+b_{3}T_{o}+b_{4}T_{o}^{2}+b_{5}T_{i}T_{o}$
(3)
$COP_{HP}=\dfrac{C_{HP}}{P_{HP}}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ $T_{i}$์™€ $T_{o}$ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹(1)~์‹(3)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Table 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์˜จ๋„-์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋Œ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฉด์ ์€ 115 m$^{2}$(36 ํ‰)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์˜๋ฌด๋น„์œจ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์—ด๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ๋ฐœ์ „, ์ˆ˜์—ด, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ์žฅ์น˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ 14%๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ง€์—ดํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐํˆฌ์ž๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฉด์  ํšจ์œจ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ฐฝ์ถœํšจ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1 Ground temperature gradient analysis model in effect of borehole heat energy.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2022.34.4.198/fig1.png
Table 2 Heating coefficients in Fischer and Rice least-squared method

Parameter

Value

Performance

a0

8.84211747E+00

a1

1.98965318E-01

a2

9.74067703E-03

a3

-1.19019349E-02

a4

-9.07074176E-05

a5

-4.44954143E-04

Cost

b0

1.35749889E+00

b1

1.12959246E-02

b2

-2.71667504E-04

b3

-6.46662532E-03

b4

6.33832806E-04

b5

2.33300044E-04

Table 3 Temperature-performance relationship of geothermal heat pumps

$T_{i}$(โ„ƒ)

$T_{o}$(โ„ƒ)

Capacity

Power

COP

0

60

7.80

3.25

2.40

5

60

8.91

3.37

2.64

10

60

10.50

3.48

3.02

15

60

12.58

3.57

3.52

20

60

15.14

3.65

4.15

25

60

18.20

3.71

4.90

30

60

21.74

3.77

5.77

35

60

25.76

3.80

6.77

40

60

30.28

3.83

7.91

45

60

35.28

3.84

9.19

50

60

40.77

3.84

10.63

2.2 ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ค๊ณ„

2.2.1 ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •

2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ• ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์˜๋ฌด๋น„์œจ 14%๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์„ค์น˜๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” Table 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์„ธ๋Œ€๋‹น ์—ฐ๋ฉด์ ์€ 115 m$^{2}$์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ โ€œ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ๊ณ ์‹œ ์ œ2020-112ํ˜ธ(2020. 3. 26)โ€, โ€œ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ • ์ง€์นจ ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ณ ์‹œโ€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ 230 kWh/m$^{2}$yr๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ๋‚ด ์„ค์น˜๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” โ€œ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •(์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์‹œ ์ œ 2020-143ํ˜ธ)โ€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹(4)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›๋ณ„ ๋‹จ์œ„์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์›๋ณ„ ๋ณด์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” Table 5์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด โ€œ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ๊ณ ์‹œ ์ œ2020-112ํ˜ธโ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐ€ํํ˜• ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(4)
$์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜๋ฌด๋น„์œจ=\dfrac{์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰(์„ค์น˜๊ทœ๋ชจ*๋‹จ์œ„์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰*์›๋ณ„ ๋ณด์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜)}{์˜ˆ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(๊ฑด์ถ•์—ฐ๋ฉด์ *๋‹จ์œ„์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰*์ง€์—ญ๊ณ„์ˆ˜)}$ [%]
Table 4 Configuration of geothermal heat pump system installation

Households

Gross floor area

Unit energy consumption

District coefficient

Estimated energy consumption

Mandatory production of renewable energy

Geothermal heat pump capacity

(ใŽก)

(kWh/ใŽกyr)

(Seoul=1)

(kWh/yr)

(kWh/yr)

(kW(USRT))

2,000

230,000

230

1

52,900,000

7,406,000

7,864(2,228)

Table 5 Unit energy production by renewable energy source and correction factor by source

Renewable energy source

Unit energy production

Correction factor

Sunlight

Stationary

1,358

kWh/kWโ€คyr

1.56

Tracking

1,765

1.68

BIPV(normal)

923

5.48

BIPV(etc.)

173

kWh/ใŽกโ€คyr

Soilar heat

Flat

596

kWh/ใŽกโ€คyr

1.42

Single vacuum tube

745

1.14

Double vacuum tube

745

1.14

Pneumatic windowless

487

1.37

Pneumatic window

557

2.57

Geothermal energy

Vertical sealing

864

kWh/kWโ€คyr

1.09

Open

864

1.00

Condensing light

Prism

132

kWh/ใŽกโ€คyr

7.74

Optical duct

73

7.74

Indoor louver type

184

2.77

Fuel cell

PEMFC

7,415

kWh/kWโ€คyr

2.84

PAFC

8,785

0.93

SOFC(less than 3kW)

9,198

8.88

SOFC(over 250kW)

10,137

0.59

Hydrothermal energy

864

kWh/kWโ€คyr

1.12

Wood pellets

322

kWh/kgโ€คyr

0.52

2.2.2 ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์„ค๋น„

2,000์„ธ๋Œ€์šฉ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์„ค๋น„๋Š” Table 6์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณด์–ดํ™€์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์€ 150 mm์ด๊ณ  6 m ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 150 m๋ฅผ ์ฒœ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  U์ž๊ด€์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ฒฝ์€ HDPE 32 mm๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. Table 4์˜ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 2,228 USRT์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐ€ํํ˜• ๋ณด์–ดํ™€์˜ ์ฒœ๊ณต๋‹น ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ธ 3 USRT๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒœ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋Š” 743 ๊ณต์ธ๋ฐ ์ด๋•Œ, ๋ณด์–ดํ™€์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ 27 ๊ณต, ์„ธ๋กœ 27 ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์œ ํ•œ ์ง€์ค‘ ์ถ•์—ด๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฒด์ ์€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ, ์„ธ๋กœ, ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•œ 156ร—156ร—150 = 3,650,400 ใŽฅ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ•์—ด๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ† ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ฒด์ ๋‹น ์—ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ† ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Table 7์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ฐ’ ์ •๋„์ธ Heavy Damp Soil์˜ 2,012 KJ/ใŽฅK(0.558 kWh/ใŽฅK)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 6 Geothermal heat pump for 2,000 households underground heat exchange facility

Underground heat exchanger

Scale

Unit

Remark

Households

2000

-

Borehole

Diameter

150

mm

Interval

6

m

Depth

150

m

Count

743(2,228/3)

hole

3USRT/hole

Arrangement

27 ร— 27

width ร— length

Heat storage volume

3,650,400

ใŽฅ

156 ร— 156 ร— 150

Heat capacity per heat storage volume

2,012

KJ/ใŽฅK

Heavy Damp Soil

0.558

kWh/ใŽฅK

Heavy Damp Soil

Table 7 Physical properties by type of representative soil(7)

Type of soil

Density

(kg/ใŽฅ)

Thermal conductivity

(kJ/hr.m.K)

Specific heat

(kJ/kg.K)

Thermal diffusivity

(ใŽก/day)

Volumetric heat capacity

(kJ/ใŽฅ.K)

Dense Rock

3,200

12.46

0.84

0.11

2,683

Average Rock

2,800

8.72

0.84

0.09

2,347

Heavy Saturated Soil

3,200

8.72

0.84

0.08

2,683

Heavy Damp Soil

2,100

4.67

0.96

0.06

2,012

Heavy Dry Soil

2,000

3.12

0.84

0.04

1,677

Light Damp Soil

1,600

3.12

1.05

0.04

1,677

Light Dry Soil

1,500

1.25

0.84

0.02

1,238

2.2.3 ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ 2001๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2014๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‹ค์  ๊ฐœ๋žต์น˜์ธ 100 kWh/m$^{2}$yr์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์—ฐ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์ ์œจ์ธ 85% ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด 2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ์ด์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” 19,550,000 kWh/yr (100ร—230,000ร—85%)๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ์ตœ๋Œ€์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” Fig. 2์˜ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7,987 kW์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2 Annual heat load trend of 2,000 household apartments.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2022.34.4.198/fig2.png

2.2.4 ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ

์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•๋˜๋Š” 2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ โ€˜์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ+์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„โ€™ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, Table 4์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ์ˆ˜์š” 19,550,000 kWh ์ค‘ 38%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ 7,406,000 kWh๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 62%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 12,144,000 kWh๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ 15โ„ƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์›Œ์ง„ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ ์ž…๊ตฌ ๋ฌผ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ 12 โ„ƒ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ ์ถœ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ 60 โ„ƒ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด Table 3์„ ํ†ตํ•ด COP๊ฐ€ 3.22๊ฐ€ ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” 7,406,000 kWh ๊ฐ’์˜ (COP-1)/ COP(=0.6894)๋ฐฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 5,106,000 kWh๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, 2.2.2์ ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€์ค‘์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์˜ ์ฒด์  3,650,400 ใŽฅ๊ณผ ํ† ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ฒด์ ๋‹น ์—ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 0.558 kWh/ใŽฅK์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ 1๋…„์ฐจ ๊ฐ€๋™ ๋ง๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 2.5 K์˜ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ ์ฐจ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ COP๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ  ๋ฐœ์ „ํšจ์œจ์ด 39.2%์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์—ญ์ˆ˜์ธ 2.52 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ์จ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค(8)๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ COP 2.52์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ ์ž…๊ตฌ ๋ฌผ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 3โ„ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•…์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ์จ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‹คํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

2.3 ์ €๊ฐ€์—ด์˜ ์ง€์ค‘ ๊ณ„๊ฐ„์ถ•์—ด(BTES) ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ค๊ณ„

์œ„์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์ „์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์ค‘ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ/๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ์—ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์—ด์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์ค‘์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์„ฑ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ค‘์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋†’์€ COP์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€์ค‘์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒœ๊ณต๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์„ค๋น„ ํˆฌ์ž๋น„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์•ž์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•๋‹จ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ/๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์—ด์„ ์ง€์ค‘์— ์ €์žฅ(BTES) ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ Fig. 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3 Conventional and proposed heat supply system diagram.
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2.3.1 BTES์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ

ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ธ 7,406,000 kWh/yr์œผ๋กœ ์žก๊ณ  ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ COP๋ฅผ BTES์˜ ์ถ•๋ฐฉ์—ด ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 30~70 โ„ƒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ ์ž…๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์˜จ $T_{i}$์„ 30โ„ƒ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด Table 3์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ COP๋Š” 5.77๋กœ ๋„์ถœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ BTES์˜ ์ถ”์ถœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ 7,406,000ร—(COP-1)/COP์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ 6,122,464 kWh/yr์ด๋‹ค. BTES์— ์ €์žฅํ•  ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ถ•๋ฐฉ์—ด ํšจ์œจ์„ 70%(7)๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 6,122,464/0.7 = 8,746,378 kWh/yr๋กœ ์ฑ…์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  BTES์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„์ฒด์ (ใŽฅ) ๋‹น ์ถ•์—ด์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ 15~30 kWh์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ(9) ๊ทธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ฐ’์ธ 22.5 kWh/ใŽฅ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ BTES์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์€ 6,122,464/22.5 = 272,110 ใŽฅ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ง๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์›๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ BTES ์ฒด์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด (272,110 ร— 4 / ฯ€)(1/3) = 70.2์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง๊ฒฝ์€ 70 m, ๋†’์ด๋Š” 71 m๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์› ์•ˆ์— 13๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‹ฌ์›์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ BTES์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 2.5 m์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(10)์œผ๋กœ ์ด 544๊ณต์„ ์ฒœ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์„ค์น˜๋ถ€์ง€๋ฉด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ Fig. 4์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฉด์ ์€ 24,336 m$^{2}$์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฉด์ ์€ 16% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ 3,848 m$^{2}$์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4 Comparison of installation scale of underground heat exchanger.
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2.3.2 ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•๋‹จ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ Fig. 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 7,864 kW์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด BTES๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1,781 kW ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋กœ 1๋…„ ์ค‘ 6๊ฐœ์›”(11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4์›”)์„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ 7,406,000 kWh๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์šด์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ธ 5~10์›”์—๋Š” ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ BTES์— ์ถ•์—ด์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5 Heat pump capacity comparison between conventional method and proposed method.
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2.3.3 BTES์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ์—ด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ

ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— BTES์— ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ์—ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์—ด์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ด์ €์žฅ, ์ถ”์ถœ, ์ˆ˜์†ก์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ €์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์†์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค ์—ด์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ฐ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ(solar district heating) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋„ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์—ดํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์„ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๊ฐ„ ์ถ•์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ Table 8์€ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ด๊ณต๊ธ‰์ง€์—ญ 13๊ฐœ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2014๋…„๋„์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€์—ญํ‰๊ท ์—์„œ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์—ด๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„(CHP) ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—ด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ฒจ๋‘๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ณด์ผ๋Ÿฌ(PLB)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๊ฐ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ํ์—ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฐฐ๊ด€๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ทผ์˜ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์—ด์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‰์—ฌ์—ด์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 8 Examples of solar STES district heating systems in Europe and Canada

Location

Country

Heating area(ใŽก)

STES volumetric area(ใŽฅ)

Friedrichshafen

Germany

5,600

12,000 TTES

Hamburg

Germany

3,000

4,500 TTES

Munich

Germany

2,900

5,700 TTES

Hanover

Germany

1,350

2,750 TTES

Crailsheim

Germany

7,464

37,500 BTES

Drake Landing

Canada

2,164

34,000 BTES

Braedstrup

Denmark

18,612

5,500 TTES 19,000 BTES

Marstal

Denmark

17,943

13,500 PTES 2,100 TTES

Fig. 6 Monthly heat production unit price with 13 selective districts supplied by KDHC in 2014.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2022.34.4.198/fig6.png

2.4 ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋น„์šฉ ๋น„๊ต

์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ด์„ ์ง€์ค‘์— ์ €์žฅ(BTES) ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 30๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Table 9์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 9 Comparison of investment and operating costs

Conventional GHP

Proposed BTES + HP

Remark

Criteria

Cost(millon)

Criteria

Cost(millon)

Investment

Heat pump

Heating capacity 7,864kW

4,456

Heating capacity 1,781kW

1,009

Early

Ground heat exchanger

Hole length 109,350m

4,374

Hole length 38,624m

1,545

Early

Reinvestment

-

1,337

-

303

16$^{th}$ year

Annual cost

Compressor

2,300MWh

230.0

1,284MWh

128.4

Annual

Heat storage

-

-

Heat storage 8,746MWh

262.4

Annual

Maintenance

Heat pump

178.2

Heat pump

40.4

Annual

Cumulative cost over 30 years

-

22,413

-

17,101

ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ํˆฌ์ž๋น„์™€ ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2 ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์›/USRT(3.53 kW) 4๋งŒ์›/์ฒœ๊ณต๊ธธ์ด(m)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  16๋…„์ฐจ์— ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ํˆฌ์ž๋น„์˜ 30% ์žฌํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์—ด์›์˜ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ COP๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Table 2์—์„œ $T_{i}=12^{\circ}{C},\: T_{o}=60^{\circ}{C}$์ผ ๋•Œ์ธ 3.22๋กœ ์ฑ…์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ $T_{i}=30^{\circ}{C},\: T_{o}=60^{\circ}{C}$์ผ ๋•Œ์ธ 5.77๋กœ ์ฑ…์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๋™์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰/COP์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹์€ 2,300 MWh(7,406 MWh/3.22) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ 1,284 MWh(7,406 MWh/5.77)๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€, ์ถ•์—ด์šฉ ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ/๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ์—ด ๋‹จ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 100 ์›/kWh, 35,000 ์›/MWh(40,700 ์›/Gcal), 0.08 ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์›/USRT(3.53 kW)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 30๋…„ ๋ˆ„์  ๋น„์šฉ์†Œ์š”๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ 224์–ต, ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ 171์–ต์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 24% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. BTES์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜๋Œ€์ฑ…

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด โ€˜BTES+ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„โ€™๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ด๊ณต๊ธ‰์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  BTES์˜ ์„ค์น˜์žฅ์†Œ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฌธ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋™์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ์™€ ํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ทธ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์„ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ

์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 2,000์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์žฌ๊ฑด์ถ•๋‹จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜๋ฌด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ, ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹ โ€ค์žฌ์ƒ/๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์—ด์„ ์ง€์ค‘์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

1) ์ง€๋ฐ˜ ์ฒœ๊ณต ์ž‘์—…๋Ÿ‰์ด 35% ์ˆ˜์ค€(38,624 m/109,350 m)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด 25% ์ดํ•˜(1,781 kW/7,864 kW)๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž๋น„๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2) ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฉด์ ์„ 16% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3) ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ COP ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4) ๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 55โ„ƒ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธ‰ํƒ•๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋Š” 60โ„ƒ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜จ์ˆ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

5) ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ €๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์—ด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ด์›์˜ ์—ด์ƒ์‚ฐ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  30๋…„ ๋ˆ„์  ๋น„์šฉ์†Œ์š”๋ฅผ ์•ฝ 24% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

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