Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

  1. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, School Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea)
  2. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตํ†ต๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 7469, Korea)
  3. ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Architecture & Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 0722, Korea)
  4. ์•„์ฃผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 1699, Korea)
  5. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Busan National University, Busan 46241, Korea)
  6. ์ œ์ฃผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 3243, Korea)
  7. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Principal Researcher, Thermal Energy Systems Lab., Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Korea)
  8. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Architecture, Korea University, Seoul 0241, Korea)
  9. ํ•œ์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea)
  10. ๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋ฐญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์„ค๋น„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Building and Plant Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea)
  11. ์กฐ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Mechanical Eng., Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea)



๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„, ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ, ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ, ๋ƒ‰?๋‚œ๋ฐฉ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ, ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋ƒ‰๋™, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€
Building mechanical system, Heat exchanger, Heat transfer, HVAC, Indoor environment, Refrigeration, Renewable energy

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2023๋…„๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ์„ค๋น„๊ณตํ•™ํšŒ โ€˜์„ค๋น„๊ณตํ•™๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ง‘โ€™์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ 60ํŽธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋น„๊ณตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„, ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋ƒ‰๋™, ์—ด์œ ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์„ค๋น„๊ณตํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ตœ์‹  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„

2.1 ๊ฐœ์š”

2023๋…„ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด 18ํŽธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 19ํŽธ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ 2022๋…„๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2022๋…„์— ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ „๋ฐ˜, ๋ƒ‰โ€ง๋‚œ๋ฐฉ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2023๋…„์—๋Š” ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  COVID-19๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์–ด ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ, STS U ๋ฐด๋“œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์„ฑ, ๋™์‹œ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด ์ œ์Šต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ด๋™ํ˜• ์—์–ด์ปจ ์‹ค์™ธ๊ธฐ, ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ณต๋™ ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ์†Œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ์ „๋ฐ˜

Yang et al.(1)์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„๋ฒ•์˜ ์ œ์ • ๋ฐ ์‹œํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐœ์„  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ดํ›„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„ ํšจ์œจ์„ 20% ์ƒํ–ฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์•ฝ 4.2%, 4.5% ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์„ ์•ฝ 30% ์ƒํ–ฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 16.6%์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ„์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— 19.1%๋กœ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—…๋ฌด์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์•ฝ 30% ์ƒํ–ฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 11.2%์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— 12.9%, ๊ฐ€์Šค ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์•ฝ 32.6%๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Jang and Kim(2)์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์—ฐ๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด V-band ๋Œ€๋น„ U-band์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, V-band๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, U-band๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์†Œํญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 40๋ถ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ›„ U-band ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” V-band ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 1/4.8๋ฐฐ๋กœ U-band๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ˆ„์„ค๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ˆ„์„ค๋ฅ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ U-band ๋ˆ„์„ค๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ 85%๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

Jin et al.(3)์€ ๋ƒ‰์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์˜จ๋„์ฐจ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜จ๋„์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋Œ€์˜จ๋„์ฐจ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ƒ‰์ˆ˜ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ž…๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ ๋Œ€์˜จ๋„์ฐจ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kim et al.(4)์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ, SHCHP์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์šด์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ์šด์˜ ์‹œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ ˆ๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, SHCHP์˜ ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ƒ‰์—ด ๋ฐ ์˜จ์—ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ์—ด๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, COP๊ฐ€ 5.5 ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ  ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ๋ƒ‰์—ด ๋ฐ ์˜จ์—ด๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์šด์ „ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์›”๊ฐ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง€์—ด์›ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋Œ€๋น„ 13.5%์˜ ์šด์˜์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Lee et al.(5)์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ์›์‹ฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์•ก์ฒด์‹ ์ œ์Šต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ œ์Šต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ์ œ์Šต ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ œ์Šต๋Ÿ‰ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํšจ์œจ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์›์‹ฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ LD ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ œ์Šต๋ถ€๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ 72%์˜ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

2.3 ๋ƒ‰โ€ค๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

์•ž์„  ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ Jin et al.(3), Kim et al.(4) ๋ฐ Lee et al.(5)์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ค๋น„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์— ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ 2023๋…„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Lee and Kim(6)์€ ๊ธ‰ํƒ•์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์†์‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(11์›”~3์›”)์˜ ํ”ผํฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๊ธ‰ํƒ•์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์ „ 6~9์‹œ, ์˜คํ›„ 7~10์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ๊ธ‰ํƒ•์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ฌ์€ 2์›”์ด๊ณ  ๊ธ‰ํƒ•์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ๋‹ฌ์€ 11์›”๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋™์ ˆ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธ‰ํƒ•์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—ด์†์‹ค๋ฅ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์—ด์†์‹ค๋ฅ ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์—ด์†์‹ค๋ฅ ์€ ํ‰๊ท  5.4~7.2%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Kim et al.(7)์€ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 100 ใŽก ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ cascade ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ํƒ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 54.0%์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Jang et al.(8)์€ ์ด๋™ํ˜• ์—์–ด์ปจ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ค‘๋•ํŠธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋•ํŠธ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ด๋™ํ˜• ์—์–ด์ปจ๊ณผ ์‹ค์™ธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํก๊ธฐ๋•ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•œ ์ด์ค‘๋•ํŠธ ์—์–ด์ปจ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋‚ด์˜จ๋„์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ธฐ์กดํ˜•์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜จ๋„ ๋„๋‹ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ 40๋ถ„ ๊ฐ„ ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•ฝ 3,803 W์˜€๊ณ  ์ด์ค‘๋•ํŠธํ˜•์€ 30๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 3,129 W๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์–ด ์ด์ค‘๋•ํŠธํ˜•์ด ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์šด์ „์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ 10๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰ 18% ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Lim et al.(9)์€ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ณด์กฐ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜จ์‹ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ, ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„, ๊ณ„๊ฐ„ ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  TRNSYS 18์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kim et al.(10)์€ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ƒ‰์ˆ˜์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ƒ‰์ˆ˜ ํ™˜์ˆ˜ ํ—ค๋”์— ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์œ ๋™๋“ค์ด ์œ ์ž…๋  ์‹œ ์˜จ๋„ ๊ท ์ผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰๋น„์™€ ํ™˜์ˆ˜ ํ—ค๋” ํ•„์š”๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์‹ ๋„์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด STAR-CCM ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ƒ‰์ˆ˜ ํ™˜์ˆ˜ ํ—ค๋”์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„์™€ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€ ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์—ด์œ ๋™ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kim et al.(11)์€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํก์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ƒ‰์˜จ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ถ•์—ด์‹ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์‹œ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ ์šด์ „ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ•์—ด์‹ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ถ•์—ด๋ฅ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„, ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Jang et al.(12)์€ ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ทผ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ HVAC&R ๋ฐ DHW(๊ธ‰ํƒ•) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋“œ๋งต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. HVAC&R ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ์šฉ, ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ, ๊ธ‰ํƒ•๋Ÿ‰ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด, ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.4 ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ

Jang et al.(13)์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์‹ค๊ฐ„ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ  ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”์ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ ์ธก์ • ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Œ์••์‹ค ํ˜„์žฅ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ, ์‹ค๊ฐ„ ๊ต์ฐจ์˜ค์—ผ ์ •๋„, ์ธก์ • ์œ„์น˜๋ณ„ ๋ˆ„์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฅ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Cho et al.(14)์€ pandemic ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์ฐจ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์  ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ •ํ™” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋™ํ˜• ๊ตญ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธ‰๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™˜์ž ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์˜ ํ˜ธํก ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Yeon et al.(15)์€ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ์„ค๋น„ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ธ์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐœ์š” ํ‘œ ์ž๋™์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ์„ค๋น„ ์š”์†Œ ์ถ”์ถœ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ ์ž๋™์ธ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด TableNet๊ณผ OpenCV๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐœ์š” ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฐฉ์„ค๋น„ ์š”์†Œ ์ถ”์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด EasyOCR๊ณผ Levenshetein Edit distance ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Precision, Recall, F1 Score๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kwon(16)์€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐํ›„๋“œ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ ํŒฌ์ด ์—†์–ด ์ „์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ถฉ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. CFD๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ˜• ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉํ›„๋“œ์™€ ์ „์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ ์šด์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์œ ๋™์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Yu et al.(17)์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ, ์ค‘์†Œํ˜• ์—ฐ์†์‹ ๊ฐ•ํŒ ์†Œ๋‘”๋กœ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํ™” ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์ธ์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ์—ฐ์† ์†Œ๋‘”๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹ ์—ฐ์† ์†Œ๋‘”๋กœ ์šด์˜ ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ํ˜„์—ด ์†์‹ค์ด ์—†๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์–ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ณต์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kwon(18)์€ ์ธต๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณต์žฅ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์œ ๋‹›์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์ „๋˜๋Š” ์น˜ํ™˜ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋น„๊ต ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜จ๋„์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋†๋„์žฅ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋ฉด์— ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๊ธ‰๊ธฐ์œ ๋‹›์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ƒ‰๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์˜จ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ† ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜ํ™˜ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์€ ๋ช…๋ชฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฏธ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

3.1 ๊ฐœ์š”

2023๋…„ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด 24ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ 2022๋…„๋ณด๋‹ค 5ํŽธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2022๋…„๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ค๋‚ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์˜๋ฃŒ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฐ ํ™”์žฌ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋‚ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์‚ฐ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์™ธํ”ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด๊ด€๋ฅ˜์œจ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์—ด-์ง€์—ด ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„, ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ œ์‹œ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ˜• ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„, ์ˆ˜์—ด์›์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™๋ ฅ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„, ์†Œํ˜• ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฐ ํ™”์žฌ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋™ํ˜• ์Œ์••๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘์‹ค, UV-C ๊ด‘์›์˜ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์—ฌ์žฌ ์‚ด๊ท ํšจ๊ณผ, ๋ถ„์„๊ฑด์ถ•์ž์žฌ์˜ ๋‚œ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์‹ค๋‚ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ

Woo et al.(19)์€ ๊ต์‹ค์˜ ์ž…์ž์ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ฒญ์ •๊ธฐ์˜ ์šด์ „ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ํ’๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋‚ด ์ˆœํ™˜ FAN์˜ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ์œ ๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „์‚ฐ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™(CFD) ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์  ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ฒญ์ •๊ธฐ์˜ CADR(Clean Air Delivery Rate)์€ 2.4 ใŽฅ/min(161.4 CMH)๊ณผ 4.8 ใŽฅ/min(322.8 CMH)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ฒญ์ •๊ธฐ์˜ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ FAN์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 31.2%, 16์ง€์  ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๋†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 24%์˜ ์ €๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ฒญ์ •๊ธฐ์˜ CADR์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, FAN์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Son and Yang(20)์€ ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ ๋ ˆ์ธ์ง€ ํ›„๋“œ, ์š•์‹ค ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐํŒฌ, ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ˜• ํ™˜๊ธฐ์žฅ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ ํ›„๋“œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ธ์ž๋Š” โ€˜์ฃผ๋ฐฉ ํ›„๋“œ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ํŒจํ„ดโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์š•์‹ค ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐํŒฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ธ์ž๋Š” โ€˜์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ค€๊ณต์—ฐ๋„โ€™๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Byun et al.(21)์€ ์—ด๋ฅ˜๊ณ„๋ฒ•(HFM, Heat Flow meter Method)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์™ธํ”ผ์˜ ์—ด๊ด€๋ฅ˜์œจ ํ˜„์žฅ์ธก์ •์—์„œ ์ผ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—ด๋ฅ˜, ์‹ค๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ์ด, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์—ด๊ด€๋ฅ˜์œจ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ ด์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‚จ์ธก ๋ฒฝ์˜ ์ผ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์—ด๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์ธก ๋ฒฝ์˜ ์—ด๊ด€๋ฅ˜์œจ ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ ด์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถ์ธก ๋ฒฝ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Son et al.(22)์€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์‹ค๋‚ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์š•์‹ค์˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™์€ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ CO2 ๋†๋„์—๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐํŒฌ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ์š•์‹ค ์Šต๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž„์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๋•Œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐํŒฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์š•์‹ค ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Jeong(23)์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ์œ ์ž… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™€์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นจ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ง„์ž…๋กœ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ด๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋˜์–ด ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.3 ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€

Bang et al.(24)์€ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์ค‘์™ธํ”ผํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์˜ˆ์—ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ๋„ˆ๋น„์œจ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ ์˜ ์ง‘์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŠน์ • ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์ตœ์†Œ 0.20 kWh/ (ใŽกยทyear)์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 9.33 kWh/(ใŽกยทyear)์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ 0.80%์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 37.27%์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธํ”ผ ๋„ˆ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kang et al.(25)์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์—ด-์ง€์—ด ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ , ๊ฑด์ถ•์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ €๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์—ด-์ง€์—ด ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ค‘ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€(LCA)๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์กฐ, ์‹œ๊ณต, ์šด์ „, ํ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(์ง€์—ด)๊ณผ ์œต๋ณตํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์—ด-์ง€์—ด) ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ œ์กฐ, ์‹œ๊ณต ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์šด์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” 10% ์ •๋„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kwon et al.(26)์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํƒ, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜•๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์‹ค๋‚ด์™ธ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘์š”๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜• ๊ด€๊ณ„(R = 0.793)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ„ํ—์  ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํšจ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Moon et al.(27)์€ ์ˆ˜์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์— TRNSYS 18์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์—ด์›๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด ๊ด€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒฉ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋†’์ด์ฐจ, ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํŽŒํ”„ ์†Œ๋น„๋™๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ ์ง€์—ญ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™๋ ฅ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 43% ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์•ฝ 28% ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—ด์›๊ณผ ์ด๊ฒฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•ฝ 5.85%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์—ด์›๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด ์šด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

An et al.(28)์€ ๋‹จ๋…์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋‚ด ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ BIPV์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž๋ฆฝ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ธ์ฆ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์—๋งŒ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž๋ฆฝ๋ฅ  75.8%๋กœ ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ธ์ฆ 3๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ธ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ์œ ํœด๋ถ€์ง€์— ์„ค์น˜๋ฉด์ ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž๋ฆฝ๋ฅ ์€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Jin et al.(29)์€ ์žฌ์‹ค ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(Heating system capacity) ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์žฌ๊ฐ€๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„(Heating system restart time)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ค๋‚ด ์—ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์šฉ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  Case๋ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Lee et al.(30)์€ ์†Œํ˜• ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹คํƒœ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ, ๊ธ‰ํƒ• ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(๋‚œ๋ฐฉ, ๊ธ‰ํƒ•, ์ „๊ธฐ)์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฉด์  ํƒ€์ž…, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฉด์ ๋ณ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ณ„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฉด์ ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Jung and Song(31)์€ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์˜ ๊ณต์กฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์—ด ์ฝ”์ผ, ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ/์ œ์Šต ์ฝ”์ผ, ๊ฐ€์Šต์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์—ด ์ฝ”์ผ์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์—ด์›์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์™ธ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œ, ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Park et al.(32)์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปค๋ฏธ์…”๋‹์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋…น์ƒ‰๊ฑด์ถ•์ธ์ฆ์—์„œ ์ปค๋ฏธ์…”๋‹์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. G-SEED ์ธ์ฆ์—์„œ ์ปค๋ฏธ์…”๋‹์ด ์„ ํƒํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ง€์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ , LEED์™€ BREEAM ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ธ์ฆ์ œ๋„์—์„œ์˜ ์ปค๋ฏธ์…”๋‹ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ปค๋ฏธ์…”๋‹ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Oh et al.(33)์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด grey-box ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , TRNSYS ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋œ ์‹ค๋‚ด์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธก๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ASHRAE guideline 14๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์™ธํ”ผ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งŒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ์  ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์šด์ „ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Lee and Kim(34)์€ VRF ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ์•ค ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ํฌ์ธํŠธ ๋งคํ•‘ ์ž๋™ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ตœ์  ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์  ์‹œ์ž‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ค์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž„์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐฐํฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ์•ค ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์ž๋™ ๋งคํ•‘ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์—์„œ 35.5%์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

Cho et al.(35)์€ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ ˆ์•ฝ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ์ธ์ฆ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹จ์œ„์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ „์šฉ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ’์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ ˆ์•ฝ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋Œ€๋น„ 55.1~62.0% ์ €๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„ 31.7~37.0% ์ €๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ์ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ 8.6~12.3%, ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ 14.0~15.2% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.4 ์˜๋ฃŒ์„ค๋น„, ํ™”์žฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ

Cho and Kim(36)์€ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋™ํ˜• ์Œ์••๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘์‹ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋™ํ˜• ์Œ์••๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘์‹ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์—์„œ ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฒญ์ •-์˜ค์—ผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „์‹ค-์Œ์••๋ณ‘์‹ค ์ฐจ์••์ œ์–ด ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์Œ์••์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘์‹ค์€ ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰ 6 ACH์™€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ „์‹ค/๋ณต๋„์™€ -2.5 Pa ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์••์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐํŒฌ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์Œ์••์œ ์ง€ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Park et al.(37)์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์„ค์น˜๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ UV-C ๊ด‘์›์˜ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์—ฌ์žฌ ์‚ด๊ท ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜์™€ UV-C ์‹คํ—˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์™€ UV-C ๊ด‘์› ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(15 cm, 30 cm)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ œ๊ท ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 2๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, 52% ~ 78%์˜ ์‚ด๊ท ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 15 cm ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 5๋ถ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์‹œ 99.8% ์‚ด๊ท ๋˜์–ด ์œก์•ˆ ํ™•์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์„ธ๊ท  ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ œ๊ท ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ UV-C ๊ด‘์›์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ๊ท ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ธฐ์กฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ์—ญ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ ์ ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Yoo et al.(38)์€ TiO2 ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค์˜ ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์‹ค๋‚ด ํผ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ ์ €๊ฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ISO 22197-4๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ TiO2 ๊ด‘์ด‰๋งค์— ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” UV-A์˜ ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰, 10 W/ใŽก, 15 W/ใŽก, 20W/ใŽก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํผ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ ๋†๋„ ์ €๊ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ TiO2์— ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” UV-A ๋žจํ”„์˜ ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํผ์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ ์ €๊ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ ์šฉ ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Yang et al.(39)์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ž์žฌ์˜ ๋‚œ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™ฉํ† ์— ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ(Biochar)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋งˆ๊ฐ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ์ฝ”์ฝ”๋„› ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ์—ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค€๋ถˆ์—ฐ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ด์—ด๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐฉํ™”์™€ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kang et al.(40)์€ ์ง€์—ด ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—ด์› ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GSHP ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋†’์€ COP๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์•ฝ 17%์—์„œ 28% ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ASHP ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 14%์—์„œ 39% ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, GSHP ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์šด์ „ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ASHP ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ GSHP ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Yoon and Im(41)์€ ์˜จ์‹ค ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ์žฌ์ƒ ์—ด์›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Model I์€ ์ž‰์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , Model II๋Š” ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. Model I์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ํŒจ๋„ ์„ค์น˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. Model II๋Š” ์ง€์—ด ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ์˜ ์—ด ์†์‹ค์ด ์ „์ฒด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Model II๋Š” ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์šด์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํŒœ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Park et al.(42)์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„ํšจ์œจ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ํ‘œ์‹œ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ƒํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฅ˜๊ฑด์กฐ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜จ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ, TV, ์ฐฝ ์„ธํŠธ, ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด์žฅํ˜• LED ๋žจํ”„, ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์™ธ์žฅํ˜• LED ๋žจํ”„ ๋“ฑ 6๊ฐœ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์กฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณต๋‹จ์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ƒํ–ฅ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ ˆ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜จ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ํŽธ์ค‘ ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ €์†Œ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ œ๋„ ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์ •๊ณผ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ƒํ–ฅ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ˆ˜์š”๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •์ฑ…์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. ๋ƒ‰ ๋™

4.1 ๊ฐœ ์š”

2023๋…„ ๋ƒ‰๋™๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด 6ํŽธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 2022๋…„ 7ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŽธ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2022๋…„์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ 2023๋…„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์š”์†Œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ธ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์˜จ์—ด๊ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ํก์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ์šฉ ํก์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—ด๊ด€์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•€-ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์  ์ฐฉ์ƒ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ตœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ƒ‰๋™ํƒ‘์ฐจ์šฉ ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ํก์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ์šฉ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ „์—ด๊ด€ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‘์ถ• ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ, R-1234ze(E) ๋ƒ‰๋งค ์ ์šฉ ์œ ํ•˜์•ก๋ง‰์‹ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4.2 ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Kim et al.(43)์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ƒ‰๋™ํƒ‘์ฐจ์šฉ ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•€ ํ˜•์ƒ, ํ•€ ํ”ผ์น˜, ๊ด€ ์ง๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ COP๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋Œ€๋น„ 12.5% ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋จ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, R404R์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ƒ‰๋งค์ธ R433A๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋™์ผ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์—ด๋Ÿ‰ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ COP๊ฐ€ 8.7% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ƒ‰๋™ํƒ‘์ฐจ์šฉ ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๊ฐ์ถ•์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Park et al.(44)์€ ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ • ์˜จ๋„, ํ’์†, ํƒ‘์Šน๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‰๊ท ๋ณต์‚ฌ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์˜จ์—ด๊ฐ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค๋‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์˜จ์—ด๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค์ • ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๋ณ€๋™ ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.3 ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ

Chung et al.(45)์€ ์„œ๋ฆฌ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นจ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ฆฌ ํŒจํ„ด์ด In-plane, Through-plane์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ถ”ํ›„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ท ์ผํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ๋‹จ์ƒ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ œ์ž‘์— ์„œ๋ฆฌ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Lee et al.(46)์€ ํก์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ์šฉ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์ฃผ๋ฆ„๊ด€์ผ ๋•Œ ํ‰ํ™œ๊ด€์— ๋น„ํ•ด Nu ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 62.1% ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๊ฒฝ์ด ํฐ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž‘์€ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜ Nu ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 44.3% ๊ฐ์†Œ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kim et al.(47)์€ 70 kW(20 RT)๊ธ‰ ์••์ถ•์‹ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ˆ˜, ๋ƒ‰์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰, ๋ƒ‰์ˆ˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค ๋ด‰์ž…๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ํ•˜์•ก๋ง‰์‹ ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฆ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๋ƒ‰์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰, ์˜จ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ƒ‰๋งค ์ถฉ์ง„๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Ko et al.(48)์€ LiBr ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์˜ ์•ก๋ง‰ ๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์ฆˆ์ˆ˜, ๋†๋„, ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์œ ์†์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํก์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—ด๊ด€์˜ ์—ด ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‹œํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํก์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์‹์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5. ์—ด์œ ์ฒด

5.1 ๊ฐœ์š”

2023๋…„ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ/์—ด์œ ์ฒด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด 12ํŽธ์ด๋ฉฐ 2022๋…„ 15ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ํŽธ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ/์—ด์œ ์ฒด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ/์—ด์œ ์ฒด ์ผ๋ฐ˜, ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‘์ถ• ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„๋“ฑ ๋ฐ ์‘์ถ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํ•ด์„, ๊ณต์กฐ์šฉ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒŒ์šธ๋ง ํŠน์„ฑ, ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์—ด์„ค๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ•ด์„, ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์ œ์–ด, ์ธ์‡„๊ธฐํŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ, ํ•€ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์šธ๋ง์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‘์ถ• ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†Œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž ์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ, ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์ธต ์™ธํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค์˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ, ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์œ ๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ ๋“œ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์œ ๋™ ๋“ฑ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค

5.2 ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ/์—ด์œ ์ฒด ์ผ๋ฐ˜

Kim et al.(49)์€ ํ˜„์žฅ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์—ด์„ค๋น„์˜ ์—ด์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง‘์—ดํšจ์œจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ด์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€ ISO 24194:2022์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™” ๋ชจ๋ธ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ˜„์žฅ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์—ด์„ค๋น„์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์จ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์—ด์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ถ”์ • ์—ด์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ธก์ •์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ 0.95์™€ 0.9๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 100.8%์™€ 106.4% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ISO 24194:2022์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kim et al.(50)์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ•ด์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํƒ‘์žฌํ•œ ์›๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฆ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํฌํ•ญ์ง€์—ญ ์˜จ์‹ค์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ง‘์—ด๋ฉด์  108 ใŽก์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„๋œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰ํŒํ˜•์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ์—ด์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ฐ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kim and Kim(51)์€ 160โ„ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. R123, R245fa, R1233zd(E) ๋ฐ R1336mzz(Z) ์ด 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ COP์™€ Tin,gc๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ GWP, ODP, ๋…์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ COP ๋“ฑ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด R1336mzz(Z)๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ R1336mzz(Z)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋•Œ์˜ COP๋Š” 2.76์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Park et al.(52)์€ ์ง€์—ดํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ˜• ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‘์ถ• ํ˜น์€ ์ฆ๋ฐœ ์—ด์›์˜ ์šด์†กํŽŒํ”„๋Š” ์ •์œ ๋Ÿ‰์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์†ก๋™๋ ฅ์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์›์ธก ์ง€์ค‘ ์ˆ˜ํ™˜๋ฃจํ”„์— ๋ฒ„ํ”„ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์„คํ”ผํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์ „์ •์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฒ„ํผํƒฑํฌ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋™์งํ›„ ํ”ผํฌ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ˆœํ™˜ํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝ 56%์˜ ์ €๊ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Seol et al.(53)์€ ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ธ์‡„๊ธฐํŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ๋™ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ ์ž…๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ํ—ค๋”์™€ ์ „์—ดํŒ์˜ ์ฑ„๋„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ๋™์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ—ค๋”์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ž…์ถœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ๋„์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฑ„๋„ ๊ฐ„ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑ๋„๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž…์ถœ๊ตฌ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง์—์„œ ์ž‘์€ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์šธ์–ด์ ธ๋„ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์œ ๋™์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Yang et al.(54)์€ ํ•€ํŠœ๋ธŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์ง„์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํŒŒ์šธ๋ง์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ธก ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŒŒ์šธ๋ง ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์†, ๋ถ„์ง„๋†๋„์™€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ Louver fin์— ๋น„ํ•ด Wavy fin์—์„œ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ Louver fin์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ง„์ด Louver์—๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ Louver ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, Wavy fin์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ง„์ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋™ ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5.3 ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‘์ถ•

Kim et al.(55)์€ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ๋“ฑ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์—…๋ฌด์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์ž 0.1์—์„œ 0.97์˜ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋„“์€ ํ™˜์‚ฐ์••๋ ฅ(reduced pressure) ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ Python ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ด์ƒ์œ ๋™ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ํˆด์„ ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” HFO ๊ณ„์—ด๊ณผ HFC ๊ณ„์—ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ๋ƒ‰๋งค์ธ CO2์˜ ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 966๊ฐœ ๋ฐ 678๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ด 9ํŽธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋‚ด ์ธก ์‘์ถ•์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์™€ ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5.4 ์—ฐ์†Œ, ์œ ๋™ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ

Lee and Yu(56)๋Š” ์—ฐ์†Œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋™ํ–ฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ํ˜„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์—ฐ์†Œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ 100-300โ„ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ด์›์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ›„๋ณด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์šฉ์œต์—ผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Lee and Seo(57)๋Š” ์—ฐ์†Œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋™ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์šฉ์œต(์ถ•์—ด) ๊ณผ์ • ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ด์ „๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ดํ›„ ์šฉ์œต๋œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ณ ํ˜•ํ™”(๋ฐฉ์—ด) ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ์€ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๊ณ  ์ „๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Jeong et al.(58)์€ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์ธต ์™ธํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜• ์˜จ์‹ค์˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐํ›„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์ธต์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด, ์œ ๋Ÿ‰, ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์ธต์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์™ธํ”ผ์˜ ๋‚ด์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์ธต์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 5-8โ„ƒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Park et al.(59)์€ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚ด๋ฒ„์Šค๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ‘์Šน๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์กฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์™€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ‘์Šน์ธ์›์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์—ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ €์ƒ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ํ’์†์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ค‘์•™๊ณผ ํƒ‘์Šน๊ฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์˜จ๋„, ์†๋„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Kang et al.(60)์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”ํ˜• ๊ฑด์กฐ ๋“œ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ง๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด๋กœ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ํ‰ํŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋“œ๋Ÿผ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์†๋„, ์ง๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ, ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์ง๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๊ฑฐ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„, ๋‚™ํ•˜, ์›์‹ฌ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฒœ์ด์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

2023๋…„ ์„ค๋น„๊ณตํ•™ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ง‘์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„, ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋ƒ‰๋™, ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์—ด์œ ์ฒด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1) ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๋น„๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ด 18ํŽธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”, ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(2) ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ด 24ํŽธ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ์ €๊ฐ, ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ์„ค๋น„์™€ ํ™”์žฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋“ฑ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(3) ๋ƒ‰๋™๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ด 6ํŽธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์˜จ์—ด๊ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํก์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ์šฉ ํก์ˆ˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—ด๊ด€ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•€-ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ์ฐฉ์ƒ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ƒ‰๋™ํƒ‘์ฐจ์šฉ ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(4) ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ/์—ด์œ ์ฒด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ด 12ํŽธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณต์กฐ์šฉ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ํŒŒ์šธ๋ง ํŠน์„ฑ, ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์—ด์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋ถ„์„, ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์ œ์–ด, ์ธ์‡„๊ธฐํŒํ˜• ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‘์ถ• ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์˜คํ”ˆ ์†Œ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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34 
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36 
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37 
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38 
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39 
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40 
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Park, S. W., Yeom, J. H., and Lee, K. W., 2023, A Study on Energy Efficiency Rating Standard Improvement Through Analysis of the Effect of Rating Index Increase, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 10, pp. 519-527.DOI
43 
Kim, J., Kwon, S., Han, C., Kim, J., Kim, Y., and Kim, Y., 2023, Performance Improvement of a Refrigeration System for an Eco-friendly Refrigerator Truck by Optimizing Heat Exchanger Designs, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 06, pp. 275-285.DOI
44 
Park, J., Gholamalizadeh, P., Koushaeian, M., Khan, A., Duong, X., and Chung, J., 2023, Numerical Analysis of Bus Interior Parameters According to Environmental Conditions: (2) Evaluation of Thermal Comfort, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 588-597.DOI
45 
Chung, Y., Sohn, S., and Song, C., 2023, The Effect of Non-uniform Frost Deposition on Fin-Tube Heat Exchanger, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 61-69.DOI
46 
Lee, W., Bae, K., and Kwon, O., 2023, Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics According to Heat Transfer Tubes and Operating Conditions in Condensers for Absorption Chillers, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 354-362.DOI
47 
Kim, D., Kim, H., Kim, J., and Kim, W., 2023, An Experimental Study on the Performance Characteristics of a Falling Film Evaporator for R-1234ze(E) Refrigerant, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 363-370.DOI
48 
Ko, J., Bae, K., and Kwon, O., 2023, Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics According to the Shape of the Absorber Heat Transfer Tube for Absorption Chiller, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 12, pp. 577-587.DOI
49 
Kim, I. K., Lim, H. W., Lee, W. J., Lee, K. H., and Shin, U. C., 2023, Simulation-Based Real-time Performance Analysis of Flat Plate Solar Collector, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 343-353.DOI
50 
Kim, Y., Ko, Y., Kim, J. W., and Oh, S. J., 2022, A Study on the Power Generation System with Reverse Magnetocaloric Effect for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 34, No.12, pp. 553-558.DOI
51 
Kim, J. M. and Kim, S. C., 2023, Optimization of High-Temperature Heat Pump Cycle for Producing Steam of 160โ„ƒ, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 8, pp. 371-380.DOI
52 
Park, J. G., Kim, S. H., and Shin, J. S., 2023, Geothermal Heat Pump System that Controls Ground Loop Flow Rate and EWT Using Ground Loop Buffer Tank and Inverter Pump, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 8, pp. 412-420.DOI
53 
Seol, H., Sohn, S., Lee, K. H., and Kim, J., 2023, Experimental Study on Flow Distribution in PCHE Using Flow Visualization, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 1-10.6.DOI
54 
Yang, S. K., Kang, Y. H., Kim, J. H., Lee, E. Y., Kim, J. Y., and Ahn, Y. C., 2023, Experimental Study of Fouling Characteristics According to The Fin Shape of Finned Tube Type Heat Exchanger, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 11, pp. 549-556.DOI
55 
Kim, Y., Samuel, A. A., and Yun, R., 2023, Development of Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop Model Applicable to a Full Range of Reduced Pressures, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 11, pp. 557-565.DOI
56 
Lee, H. and Yu, J., 2023, A Study on Latent Heat Energy Storage Technology for Reduction of Fossil Fuel Consumption in Combustion Systems: Part I Market Size of Thermal Storage, Development Level, and Evaluation of Phase Change Materials, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 28-43.DOI
57 
Lee, H. and Seo, D. M., 2023, A Study on Latent Heat Energy Storage Technology for the Reduction of Fossil Fuel Consumption in Combustion Systems: Part II Heat Transfer Characteristics of Phase Change Materials, Heat Exchanger Design, and Demonstration Cases, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 147-162.DOI
58 
Jeong, J., Han, S., and Shin, W., 2023, An Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Model Greenhouse with Water Flow Glazing, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 11, pp. 529-538.DOI
59 
Park, J. H., Gholamalizadeh, P., Koushaeian, M., Khan, A., Duong, X. Q., and Chung, J. D., 2023, Numerical Analysis of Bus Interior Parameters According to Environmental Conditions: (1) Evaluation of Thermal and Fluid Characteristics, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 443-450.DOI
60 
Kang, K. M., Jeong, D. H., and Jeong, J. H., 2023, Classification of the Behavior of Textiles Inside a Rotating Cylindrical Flat Drum, Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 187-193.DOI