Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

  1. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Ph.D Student, Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea)
  2. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Masterโ€™s Student, Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, 0886, Korea)
  3. ๋ชฉ์›๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Division of Architecture, Mokwon University, Deajeon, 549, Korea)
  4. ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผโ€ค๊ฑด์„คํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ข…ํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering ยท Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea)



๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€, ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• ์ง€์ค‘์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ, ๋งคํŠธํ˜• ์ง€์ค‘์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ, ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ
Capillary Tube, Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger, Mat-type Ground Heat Exchanger, TRNSYS, Thermal Performance

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ(์ดํ•˜ GHE)๋Š” ์ง€์—ดํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ, ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜•๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• GHE๋Š” ์•ฝ 200 m ๊นŠ์ด๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 200 m ๊นŠ์ด์˜ ์ฒœ๊ณต ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2 m ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์ฒœ๋ถ€์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์„ค์น˜๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์ปค์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋„“์€ ์„ค์น˜๋ฉด์ ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.(1) ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฉด์  ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ด ํš๋“์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” GHE ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์ผ๋ฉด์ ์—์„œ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.(2) ๋ณ€ํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ํ† ์–‘ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์„ ๊ผฌ์•„์„œ ์‹œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ spiral, slinky ํƒ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.(1) ์ €์‹ฌ๋„์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ˜• GHE์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.(3) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฅผ GHE๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€ ๋งคํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, trench ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธธ์–ด ์—ด ์†์‹ค์ด ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ๋” ํฐ ์—ด ํš๋“์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.(4) ์ด์™ธ์—๋„, ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€ GHE์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ํ•ด์•ˆ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—ด์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ํ„ฐ๋„์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.(5, 6) ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ GHE๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์—ด์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ GHE์˜ ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ค์น˜์— ์•ž์„œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€๋žต์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” TRNSYS 18 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ธก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€ ๋งคํŠธ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ paramatric study simulation์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์˜ˆ๋น„์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

2.1 ๊ธฐ์กด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ

์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE๋Š” ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์ฒœ๋ถ€์— ๋งค์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์ˆ˜์งํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ค์น˜ ๊ณต์ •์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜•์€ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜•์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์•”๋ฐ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋œ๋‹ค.(7) ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ถ€์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ˆ˜์งํ˜•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์„ค์น˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ง€ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Slinky๋Š” ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฌ์•„์„œ ๊ฒน์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๊ณ  Spiral์€ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์›ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฌ์•„์„œ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›Œ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” pitch๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์‹œ๊ณต ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋‚œ์ด๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ณต ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ Pre-Fabrication ์ถœ๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ณต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ฐ ์œ ๋‹›์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์œ ๋‹› ๊ฐ„ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE๋ฅผ ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 1 Horizontal ground heat exchanger comparison

Type

Configuration

Specification

Condition

Heat Exchange Rate

Slinky(1)

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/tb1-1.png

- Pipe Material: Polybutylene

- Outer Diameter: 20 mm

- Inner Diameter: 16 mm

- Pitch: 30cm

- Soil Thermal Conductivity: 0.26 W/mK

- Fluid Flow Rate: 4-5.5 LPM

10.64 W/m

Spiral(1)

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/tb1-2.png

- Pipe Material: Polybutylene

- Outer Diameter: 20 mm

- Inner Diameter: 16 mm

- Pitch: 30 cm

- Soil Thermal Conductivity: 0.26 W/mK

- Fluid Flow Rate: 4-5.5 LPM

14.45 W/m

2.2 ๋งคํŠธํ˜• ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ

๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE๋Š” Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์™ธ๊ฒฝ 4.3 mm, ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ 2.7 mm์˜ ํด๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœํ•„๋ Œ(Polypropylene)์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ด€๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ํŠธ๋ Œ์น˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€์— ์ผ์ • ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งคํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์นญํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 20๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ํ•œ unit์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ GHE์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ์—ด ๊ตํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ํšจ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋„“์–ด์ ธ, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ดํš๋“ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ์••๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹น ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํƒ€์ž…๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค.(8) ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ๋Œ€์ง€ ๋ฉด์ ์—์„œ ํ•„์š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1 Capillary tube in mat-type ground heat exchanger.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig1.png

Fig. 2 mat-type ground heat exchanger schematic.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig2.png

3. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

3.1 ๊ฐœ์š”

โ€˜TRNSYS 18โ€™์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ธ Type 997์€ ํ† ์–‘์˜์—ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง์„ ํ˜• ํƒ€์ž…์˜ GHE๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํƒ€์ž…์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE๋Š” ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๊ฐ€ ์–‡๊ณ  ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๊ฐ„ ํ”ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฐ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, GHE ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งค์„ค๋˜๋Š” ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์—ด๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„์™€ Kasuda-Ahenbach(KA) ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์—ดํ™•์‚ฐ์œจ, ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ, ๋ฐ€๋„, ๋น„์—ด๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.(9) ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ํ† ์–‘ ์—ด๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, 'TRNSYS 18'์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ

Type 997์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹(1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ KA ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด $z$์™€ ๊นŠ์ด๋ณ„ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ $T_{z,\: day}$๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ธ ํ‰๊ท  ์™ธ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„ $T_{ave}$, ์—ฐ์ค‘ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ง„ํญ $T_{amp}$, ํ† ์–‘ ์—ดํ™•์‚ฐ์œจ($\alpha_{soil}$), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œ์ธ ๋‚  $t_{sh{if}{t}}$์ด๋‹ค.

(1)
$T_{z,\: day}=T_{ave}-T_{amp}\times\exp\left(-z\left(\dfrac{\pi}{365\alpha_{soil}}\right)^{0.5}\right)\times\cos\left(\dfrac{2\pi}{365}\left(t-t_{sh{if}{t}}-\dfrac{z}{2}\left(\dfrac{365}{\pi\alpha_{soil}}\right)^{0.5}\right)\right)$

๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜์˜ ์ถ”์ •์€ Python์˜ Scipy ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ curve-fit์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE๋Š” TRNSYS 18์˜ Type 997์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Type 997์€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ, ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด, GHE ๋‚ด์˜ ์œ ์ฒด, GHE, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ† ์–‘ ์˜์—ญ์„ 3D ๋…ธ๋“œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์œ ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฒ•(Finite Difference Method, FDM)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์ •์ƒ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ด๋™์€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ์™ธ๊ธฐ์™€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ, ํƒœ์–‘๋ณต์‚ฌ, ์ฒœ๊ณต๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์ดํ”„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ํ† ์–‘์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒŒ์ดํ”„์™€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ธ Interest Area๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋…ธ๋“œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์€ Near-field๋กœ, GHE์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ† ์–‘ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋“œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” Interest Area๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ์˜์—ญ์ธ Far-field๋Š” GHE์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋…ธ๋“œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , Far-field์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํฐ ๋…ธ๋“œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3 Trnsys type 997 finite difference method cartesian coordinate meshing.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig3.png

3.3 ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋จผ์ € ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 2023๋…„ ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„ ์•„์‚ฐ์‹œ ์ธ์ฃผ๋ฉด์—์„œ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค์„ค๋œ ํ† ์–‘์— ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด T-type ์—ด์ „๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด๋ณ„๋กœ 3 ~ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ํ›„ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์‹(1)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ์—ดํ™•์‚ฐ์œจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ, ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์—ด์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GHE ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด๋งค๋Š” ๋™ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ Ethylene Glycol 30% ์šฉ์•ก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

GHE ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์–ป์€ GHE์˜ ์ž…๊ตฌ์™€ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 20๊ฐœ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์—ด๋งค์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ GHE ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด๋งค์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์˜จ๋„๋Š” Fig. 5์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ง€์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž… ์—ด๋งค์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 4 Capillary mat installation depth, ground temperature measurement area.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig4.png

Fig. 5 Experiment supply and return fluid temperature.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig5.png

Table 2 TRNSYS validation simulation input parameters

Parameter

Unit

Value

Parameter

Unit

Value

$K_{soil}$

conductivity of soil

$W/m K$

2.63

$K_{f}$

conductivity of fluid

$W/m K$

0.50

$\rho_{soil}$

density of soil

$kg/m^{3}$

4496.13

$\rho_{f}$

density of fluid

$kg/m^{3}$

1030.7

$C_{p,\: soil}$

specific heat of soil

$k J/kg K$

0.95

$C_{p,\: f}$

specific heat of fluid

$k J/kg K$

3.645

$K_{\pi pe}$

conductivity of pipe

$W/m K$

0.21

n

number of pipes

-

30

$\dot{m}$

massflow rate

$kg/hr$

120

$\nu_{f}$

viscosity of fluid

$kg/mhr$

24.48

3.4 ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 3์—๋Š” Scipy์˜ curve-fit์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์—ด๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” CVRMSE์™€ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(Rยฒ)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 4์— ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ CVRMSE๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด๋ณ„๋กœ 6.8%์—์„œ 3.39%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , R2๋Š” 0.98~0.99๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ํ† ์–‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” Fig. 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ์ถœ์ž…๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์™ธ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์•ฝ 5%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฒจ์ ์—์„œ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ง€์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋™์ผํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜์ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฐ’ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‘ ๊ฐ’์ด ์•ฝ 2%๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Type 997์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6 Return fluid temperature and instant RMSE.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig6.png

Table 3 Estimated ground thermal parameters

Variable

Parameter

Unit

Value

$T_{ave}$

average air temperature

$^{\circ}{C}$

16.22

$T_{amp}$

amplitude of soil surface temperature throughout the year

$^{\circ}{C}$

13.47

$\alpha_{soil}$

Soil thermal diffusivity

$m^{2}/day$

0.053

$t_{shift}$

Day of year with minimum soil surface temperature

day

27.37

Table 4 Error evaluation by each depth

Method

0.4 m

0.8 m

1.2 m

1.5 m

1.8 m

CVRMSE

(%)

6.82

4.57

5.21

3.62

3.39

R2

0.98

0.99

0.97

0.99

0.99

4. ์—ด์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€

4.1 ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

์•ž์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ์ง€์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ธ์ž ์ค‘ ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์ค‘์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด๋Š” Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์„ค๋œ ๊นŠ์ด์ธ 1.5 m๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 0.5 m์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ 10 m๊นŒ์ง€ case๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 3โ„ƒ์—์„œ 10โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ 1.5 m ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ ์ตœ์ € ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ Day of Year(DOY) 64, ์ฆ‰ 3์›” 7์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์šด์ „ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์ตœ์ ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์—ด๋งค์˜ ํˆฌ์ž… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ, 18์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  6์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 12์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์† ์šด์ „์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(time step)์€ 1๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4.2 ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 7์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ case์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด 1.5 m, ์ธ์ž… ์˜จ๋„ 4~5โ„ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ, ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 38.84 - 49.28 W/mยฒ๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• ์ง€์ค‘ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.(4) ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋†’์€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 7์˜ ๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ํˆฌ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด 7.5 m์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ 10 m ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 8์€ ์ธ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 3โ„ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊นŠ์ด๋ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ค‘ 10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ GHE ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  case์— ์—ด๋งค ํˆฌ์ž… ์งํ›„์— ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ 67%๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ 42% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  case์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ํˆฌ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 9์™€ Fig. 10์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ 1.5 m์—์„œ 3.0 m๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 3โ„ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ, 7.5 m์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 143.04 W/mยฒ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 10.0 m ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” 7.5 m์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 1.63 ~ 3.33% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” KA ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด 7.63 m์—์„œ 16.7โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ 7.5 m์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 16.2โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œํญ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก 1.5 m ~ 3.0 m ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ๋„ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 1.5 m์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ํš๋“ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—†๋Š” case๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํˆฌ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 3โ„ƒ์—์„œ 10โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•ฝ 52% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํˆฌ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„ ์ „ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰ 50 W/mยฒ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด๋Š” 4.5 m์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ์–•์€ ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Fig. 7์˜ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ 50 W/mยฒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 4.5 m์— ๋งค์„คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด๋Š” 7.6 m์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ”ผํฌ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์—ด ๊ตํ™˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ค์น˜ ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ† ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 7 Simulation results about peak heat transfer rate.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig7.png

Fig. 8 Simulation results Inlet Fluid Temp 3โ„ƒ case.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig8.png

Fig. 9 Heat transfer rate variation by depth.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig9.png

Fig. 10 Heat transfer rate variation by inlet fluid temp.

../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.12.577/fig10.png

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ† ์–‘ ์—ด๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ GHE์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ์ธ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ Parametric simulation์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1) ๊ธฐ์กด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง์„ ํ˜• ๋ฐฐ๊ด€, Slinky ๋˜๋Š” Spiral๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋Œ€์ง€ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด, ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE๋Š” ๋„“์€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•„์š” ๋Œ€์ง€ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ๋Œ€์ง€๋ฉด์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(2) ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์—ด๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ TRNSYS 18์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ‰๊ท  ๐‘…2 ๊ฐ’์€ 0.98๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ GHE์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถœ์ž…๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 5% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด TRNSYS 18 ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(3) ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ์ธ์ž… ์—ด๋งค์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ Parametric simulation์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ GHE์˜ ํ”ผํฌ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ธ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„ 3โ„ƒ, ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด 7.5 m case์—์„œ 143.04 W/mยฒ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  case์—์„œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 12์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ํ”ผํฌ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์•ฝ 58% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งค์„ค ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊นŠ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์†Œํญ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ”ผํฌ ๊ฐ’์— ๋น„ํ•ด 1.63% ~ 3.33% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(4) ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, Slinky์™€ Spiral ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ˜• GHE์˜ ๋ฉด์ ๋‹น ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 50 W/mยฒ ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 4.5 m ๊นŠ์ด์—์„œ ์ธ์ž… ์—ด๋งค ์˜จ๋„์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด 50 W/mยฒ์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋งคํŠธํ˜• GHE์˜ ํ”ผํฌ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ GHE์˜ ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ GHE์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์—ด์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋งŒ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์šด์˜ ์‹œ ์—ด์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์—์„œ์˜ ์—ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์ค‘์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€, ๋ชจ์„ธ์œ ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŽŒํ”„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ํ† ์–‘์˜ ์—ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

ํ›„ ๊ธฐ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ(2021R1A2C101441514)์˜ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์„ฑ์ปจํŠธ๋กค์˜ ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์ฒด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„.

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