The Journal of
the Korean Institute of Interior Design

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  • ISSN : 1229-7992(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6832(Online)
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Current Issue : Vol.34 No.5(통권 172호), 2025-10

All Issues

An Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of Media Facades and Improvement Strategies for a Sustainable Urban Environment

김성희(Kim, Seong Hee) ; 김미정(Kim, Mi Jeong)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.001

Media facades, which integrate or attach media to building exteriors, enhance the cultural sensibility and artistic value of urban spaces through dynamic and interactive expressions. However, they also bring negative environmental impacts such as energy consumption, carbon emissions, and light pollution, threatening sustainability, ecosystems, and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze these environmental impacts and propose technical, institutional, and artistic solutions to mitigate them while preserving or enhancing cultural and artistic value. By conducting literature reviews, case studies of domestic and international examples, and surveys, this study systematically examined the types, characteristics, environmental footprints, and impacts of media facades. The findings revealed that appropriate design and management strategies, such as the implementation of energy-efficient LED technology, adaptive brightness control, and solar-powered solutions, could significantly reduce environmental impacts while maintaining or even enhancing their artistic and cultural significance. Additionally, regulatory frameworks and urban policies aimed at controlling light pollution and energy consumption proved to be effective in minimizing negative effects. Through a detailed analysis of real-world applications, this study highlights the necessity of integrating sustainable technologies, implementing stringent environmental standards, and fostering collaborative urban planning efforts to ensure media facades contribute positively to urban environments. It ultimately provides insights into the design and management of media facades, demonstrating their potential to foster eco-friendly, culturally enriching, and visually compelling urban spaces.

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Scalability of Overlapped Spaces with the Liquidity of Boundaries

심지현(Sim, Ji-Hyeon) ; 임경란(Lim, Kyung-Ran)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.011

The purpose of this study is to present a framework that provides multi-layered spatial experiences by deriving a new concept of spatial relationships, focusing on the expandability of space resulting from fundamental lifestyle transformations in the future. Previous research on heterotopia has addressed similar spatial directions, and their conclusions were reviewed to establish a foundation for this study. To define spatial relationships in expanded spaces, the characteristics of overlapping spatiality-as observed in contemporary non-daily spaces such as virtual and experiential environments-were analyzed. Technological advancement and lifestyle shifts have significantly altered human spatial perception and experience, raising the need to redefine conventional spatial concepts. This study adopts Foucault’s six principles of heterotopia (diversity of form, cultural functionality, overlapping of space, division of time, conditional opening and closing, and corrective function) as its analytical framework, comparing them with the characteristics of virtual space. From this comparison, five overlapping spatial concepts are derived: dual immersion, fluid boundaries, multilayered temporality, extended reality, and exclusivity?permissiveness. Based on these concepts, recent spatial case studies were analyzed to explore how they construct new spatiality and identity by crossing and overlapping reality, daily life, and non-daily life. Ultimately, this study interprets virtual space not as a mere technological platform, but as a complex heterotopic space where senses, memory, and social actions intersect, and proposes that a fluid and multilayered approach is essential for future spatial design.

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Analysis of Placeness Formation Elements in Culturally Regenerated Idle Spaces

황유림(Hwang, You-lim) ; 황연숙(Hwang, Yeon-Sook)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.020

With the rise of industrialization and urbanization, the number of idle spaces has increased due to the closure of industrial facilities, leading to various social issues. These spaces, which hold historical and symbolic value as industrial cultural assets, are gaining attention for their potential to be repurposed through cultural regeneration. However, physical regeneration alone has limitations in ensuring sustainable use. Place-based regeneration has emerged as an effective strategy to secure the distinctiveness and continuity of such spaces by utilizing regional cultural resources. It also fosters local identity, strengthens social cohesion, and contributes to revitalizing the local economy and enhancing urban competitiveness. This study analyzes seven sites selected for the ‘Idle Space Cultural Regeneration Activation Project’ focusing on the elements that constitute placeness. The analysis results are as follows: First, based on previous research, four key elements of placeness were identified-physical, behavioral, semantic, and historical. Second, physical elements were most prominently observed, particularly in terms of accessibility for external visitors and visual and physical integration with the surrounding natural environment. Third, semantic elements appeared to be the least developed, as the lack of sensory stimulating features limited visitors’ emotional engagement. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance spatial immersion by incorporating multisensory stimuli that align with the space’s character and function. Fourth, in terms of behavioral elements, efforts were made to strengthen community connections and promote cultural revitalization. Various interactive spaces were created through cultural activities, and digital platforms were utilized to provide program information and support community engagement. Fifth, with respect to historical elements, the original structures were preserved while being harmonized with newly added modern spaces. Elements symbolizing the site’s former industrial functions were also incorporated to effectively convey its historical context and significance.

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Narrative Expression of Light Media Art in Immersive Exhibition Spaces

상옥진(Chang, Yu Zhen) ; 장소예(Zhang, Xiao Rui) ; 윤성호(Yoon, Sung Ho)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.028

This study aims to explore how Light Media Art constructs nonlinear perceptual narratives within immersive spaces under the impetus of digital technology, analyzing its narrative characteristics and underlying mechanisms. Taking representative works by James Turrell as case studies, the research deepens the understanding of narrative dimensions in light media art and establishes an analytical framework suitable for contemporary immersive art spaces. Through a systematic literature review, this paper outlines the theoretical foundations of immersive spaces and light media art, proposing four key narrative observation dimensions: co-creativity, immediacy, fluidity, and affectivity. Based on this framework, five typical immersive light media artworks by Turrell are selected for case analysis, employing element decomposition and narrative characteristic mapping to thoroughly examine spatial structure, light and shadow expression, sensory interaction, and temporal logic, revealing the specific manifestations and interrelations of narrative features. The study finds that although Turrell’s works do not follow traditional figurative narratives, they stimulate viewers’ internal experiences and emotional responses through dynamic light media, spatial design, and perceptual interventions. The four narrative characteristics present a progressive structural hierarchy within the works: co-creativity and immediacy at the primary level realize bodily perception and interactive participation; fluidity at the intermediate level reflects integrated cognition of space and time; and affectivity at the advanced level triggers emotional resonance and meaning generation. Importantly, these four characteristics form a dynamic cyclical loop that drives the continuous generation and deepening of narrative. While the analytical approach proposed here requires further expansion in future studies, it is hoped to provide a valuable reference for related creative practices and theoretical research.

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NCS-Based Analysis of VMD Job Types Using Q Methodology

배이진(Bae, Yi-Jin) ; 이주형(Lee, Ju-Hyeong)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.039

This study aims to classify expert perceptions of Visual Merchandising(VMD) tasks using Q methodology and to analyze the task structures and core competencies required in the industry. VMD has evolved beyond simple product display to perform complex functions such as brand communication, consumer experience design, and digital content integration, and the need for systematic curriculum development is increasing accordingly. Based on the National Competency Standards (NCS), 45 VMD related job statements were developed, and Q-sorting was conducted with 30 experts who possess practical and educational experience. As a result, four distinct perception types were identified: brand strategy-oriented, content-based integrated planning, field execution- focused, and emotionally immersive design. Each type was found to emphasize different competencies and activity domains, reflecting diverse task structures shaped by the design process flow-planning, analysis, design, and execution-and changes in the industrial environment. This study is significant in that it overcomes the limitations of previous studies that were focused on theory or cases by empirically dealing with the structural understanding of VMD jobs and the method of linking them with the education system. It is expected that the derived job characteristics and task areas by type can be used as basic data for future curriculum design, talent development, and job modeling in the VMD field.

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Development of a Restructuring Process and Implementation Strategies for University Lecture and Learning Spaces for Student-Centered Education

김은정(Kim, Eun-Jung) ; 홍관선(Hong, Kwan-Seon)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.050

With the growing emphasis on student-centered education, the need to restructure university lecture and learning spaces has become increasingly apparent. To support autonomous participation and diverse learning activities, it is essential to create spatial environments that go beyond physical improvements and are grounded in pedagogical and instructional strategies. This study aims to propose spatial design processes and implementation strategies for restructuring university learning spaces that support student-centered education. The study first conducted a theoretical review and field investigations to identify and structure spatial characteristics and components suitable for learner-centered education. A two-round Delphi survey was then administered to experts in education, design, and spatial planning to assess the importance, validity, and interrelationships of the proposed spatial indicators. The findings were used to inform the development of design processes and cluster models for learning spaces. Seven spatial characteristics and 25 sub-indicators for student-centered learning spaces were derived and validated through expert consensus. Based on these findings, a six-step restructuring process and five cluster models were proposed: learning support, learning community, project-based, technology-integrated, and convergent learning clusters. This study offers both theoretical and empirical contributions by presenting spatial design criteria tailored to student-centered education. The proposed processes and spatial cluster models are expected to serve as practical tools for improving university learning environments.

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Spatial Factors and Walking Behavior in Pedestrian-Priority Streets

김도엽(Kim, Do-Yeop) ; 구나은(Gu, Naeun)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.064

The aim of this study is to empirically identify actual usage patterns of pedestrian-priority streets and the factors that positively or negatively affect walking experiences. To this end, the study focused on the study site near the University of Ulsan, which had been designated as a pedestrian-priority zone approximately one year prior. Walking interviews and video-based interviews were conducted with 20 university students. This study analyzed how spatial factors related to pedestrian perceptions of safety, convenience, comfort, and walking attractiveness influence actual walking behavior. The findings indicate that illegally parked vehicles on walkways, the speed of two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles, issues related to overall streetscape design and cleanliness, and the increasing number of vacant commercial spaces were identified as negative factors. In contrast, aspects such as a lively and vibrant atmosphere and appropriate vehicle speeds were perceived as relatively positive factors for walking. These elements often interacted or conflicted with one another, suggesting that pedestrian-priority street projects require careful consideration of site-specific characteristics.

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Color Trends and Improvement Directions of Domestic Solid Wood Flooring

신정은(Shin, Jeong eun) ; 임호균(Lim, Ho kyun)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.077

In contemporary residential interior design, the growing demand for natural materials has highlighted solid wood flooring as a luxurious and eco-friendly finishing option. Color is a critical factor directly influencing consumer choice, and offering diverse palettes is essential for brand differentiation and market competitiveness. This study analyzes color trends in 80 solid wood flooring products marketed by five leading domestic building material companies-LX Hausys, KCC Glass, Dongwha, Eagon, and Gujeong-with the aim of suggesting directions for future development. Using the Natural Color System (NCS), the analysis focused on hue, blackness, chromaticness, and nuance The results showed that all products belonged to the YR hue family, with Y30R dominating at 53.8%. Blackness was concentrated in the 30-50% range (43.8%), chromaticness in the 20-30% range (33.8%), while nuances such as dull, light gray, dark gray, and gray accounted for 63.8%. These patterns reflect a strategy to emphasize the warm and stable image of natural wood and ensure harmony with diverse interior elements. However, the findings also revealed limitations, including heavy dependence on Y30R and restricted use of brighter or darker shades, low or high blackness, and high chromaticness. Such constraints limit responsiveness to consumers’ variety-seeking behavior. To address these gaps, future color strategies should: (1) retain the YR base while expanding tonal variation from lighter yellow-based to deeper red-based wood tones; (2) broaden the blackness spectrum, especially by introducing high-blackness colors; and (3) diversify chromaticness from subdued to vibrant levels. Implementing these improvements would not only extend the expressive range of solid wood flooring but also enhance consumer satisfaction and provide practical guidelines for establishing differentiated color strategies in product development.

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Urban Senior Living in Korea: Space Planning and Operational Strategies

박현선(Park, Hyun Sun) ; 최연숙(Choi, Yeon Suk)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.087

This study examines the space planning and operational strategies of residential units in urban senior living complexes (Silver Towns) in Korea, in response to the nation’s rapid transition into a super-aged society. Focusing on residential unit design, it analyzes how spatial planning and service delivery models can support the autonomy, psychological well-being, and evolving needs of active seniors. Using a mixed-methods approach with surveys of 200 residents and prospective residents and comparative case studies of six senior housing developments, the research identifies key spatial preferences and operational challenges. Results show a strong demand for mid-sized units (20?30 pyeong) in large-scale complexes that enhance community interaction. Living rooms serve as multifunctional hubs, while bedrooms are valued as restorative spaces requiring specialized design. Although some facilities incorporate features such as movable walls and smart home systems, most remain rigid and medically oriented. Recent projects like VL Le West and Osiria Rauer attempt adaptable layouts and social connectivity, but restrictive contracts and underdeveloped infrastructures limit their impact. The study concludes that next-generation Silver Towns must adopt modular unit design, flexible contracts, and scalable smart technologies to support aging-in-place. A holistic, user-centered housing model integrating spatial, policy, and operational frameworks is essential for sustainable and dignified urban senior living.

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Programmatic Differentiation and Evolution of Roadside Infrastructure

김민호(Kim, Min-Ho) ; 김태준(Kim, Tae-Jun) ; 김하은(Kim, Haeun) ; 유아람(You, Aram)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.5.097

This study examines the developmental stages and programmatic differentiation of Michi-no-Eki (roadside stations) in Japan and compares them with highway service areas in South Korea, in order to explore the public potential and regional linkages of roadside infrastructure. Based on literature reviews and policy document analysis, the research also conducted on-site surveys of approximately 30 Michi-no-Eki facilities in the Kyushu region to investigate program types and their connection to local resources. The findings reveal that Michi-no-Eki have evolved from simple rest facilities at the time of institutional introduction into multi-layered platforms encompassing disaster prevention, welfare, tourism, cultural activities, and digital transformation. In particular, program differentiation combined with local resources has enabled each Michi-no-Eki to establish a distinctive regional identity. In contrast, Korean highway service areas have shown a development trend centered on commerce and traffic convenience, with limitations in integrating locality and publicness. This study highlights the potential of roadside infrastructure to develop into complex platforms that encompass regional economies and societies beyond basic transport functions, and it provides implications for strengthening publicness and regional connectivity in Korean roadside infrastructure.

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