The Journal of
the Korean Institute of Interior Design

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  • ISSN : 1229-7992(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6832(Online)
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Current Issue : Vol.34 No.3(통권 170호), 2025-06

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Usage Patterns and Improvement Strategies for Public Spaces with High Elderly Concentration

김소연(Kim, So-Yeon) ; 김석경(Kim, Suk-Kyung)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.3.001

Following rapid aging since the 21st century, economic poverty and social isolation among the elderly have emerged as major challenges. Urban parks are experiencing a a concentration of elderly populations. While local governments have established regulations for elderly leisure welfare facilities and promotion of leisure and cultural activities, leisure alienation and lack of programs for impoverished elderly remain significant issues. If left unaddressed, these phenomena could lead to environmental problems and landscape deterioration due to poor management of public spaces. This study aimed to analyze the environmental characteristics and behavioral patterns of elderly users in Tapgol Park to identify problems and derive improvement measures. This study analyzed the environmental characteristics of Tapgol Park in Jongno-gu, Seoul, and the park usage patterns and main activities of elderly users. The park was divided into three areas (Lucky Street, external walkways, and interior park space), and observations were conducted during three time periods (9-10 AM, 12-1 PM, and 6-7 PM) for 20 minutes each. Data was collected and analyzed based on the SOPARC assessment tool by McKenzie & Cohen (2006), enabling a comprehensive evaluation of elderly activity patterns and spatial characteristics. Analysis of Tapgol Park’s temporal environmental characteristics and usage patterns showed that the park provided convenient accessibility. However, cleanliness tended to deteriorate during evening hours, and there was an apparent lack of programs such as cultural events. The park exhibited different user concentration distributions and activity types across different time periods. Particularly, noon hours were dominated by free meal-related activities, with external walkways serving as primary usage spaces. In contrast, morning and evening hours showed predominantly conversational and recreational activities in Lucky Street, with relatively lower user numbers. Through analyzing the environmental characteristics and behavioral patterns of elderly users’ leisure activities and social interactions in Tapgol Park, this study identified several issues and proposed the following improvements: 1) Based on the environmental analysis, benches should be evenly distributed across different areas to prevent concentration in specific zones and alleviate population density during certain time periods. 2) Programs should be developed to facilitate interaction between local residents and the elderly, ensuring the park functions not merely as an elderly-exclusive space but as a venue accessible to various generations. 3) Free meal service times should be staggered, or separate waiting areas should be designated for those awaiting free meals to reduce walking inconvenience caused by narrow external walkways. While Tapgol Park functions as an important third place for the elderly, it lacks an environment that can accommodate multiple generations. Through spatial improvements and effective operational measures, Tapgol Park has the potential to evolve beyond being merely a rest area for the elderly into a core hub for intergenerational communication and community connection.

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Identifying University Students' Perceptions of Climate Change Related to Energy-saving Behaviors

박다연(Park, Da Yeon) ; 김미정(Kim, Mi Jeong)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.3.013

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and tackling climate change are urgent challenges for today’s society and future generations; however, our efforts to tackle these issues fall short of expectations. Specifically, universities are the second-largest greenhouse gas emitters and represent the only type of building whose energy consumption continues to rise despite numerous regulations. This energy consumption occurs because university members do not directly benefit from initiatives to reduce their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to propose a pathway for sustainable campus development from the user’s perspective, based on the characteristics of universities, by surveying and analyzing awareness that significantly influences attitudes and behaviors toward climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. To connect environmental perception with spatial design, a survey was conducted targeting architecture and interior design students, who are among the primary users of the campus. Eighty-one copies were utilized for analysis, including frequency, mean, F-test, and T-test. The results are as follows: First, students recognize the challenges of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions; however, this awareness does not motivate them to take action. Secondly, students believe that altering user behavior and offering economic incentives are crucial strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which differ based on academic year and perspectives regarding the appropriateness of climate change responses. To address this issue, universities must create a personalized physical environment that accounts for changing user characteristics to encourage participation in sustainable campus life and development. Additionally, they need educational programs that raise awareness and knowledge to motivate and promote involvement in these activities.

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User Participation and Facilitator Characteristics in the School Space Restructuring Design Project in Busan

한지혜(Han, Ji Hye) ; 유해연(Yoo, Hae Yeon) ; 김주연(Kim, Ju Yeon)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.3.021

This study investigates the practical implementation of user participatory design and the role of facilitators in school space restructuring, with a focus on a middle school case in Busan. Moving beyond theoretical discourse, the research explores how user input?primarily from students and teachers?was collected, mediated, and translated into concrete spatial outcomes by facilitators. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining literature review, empirical analysis, surveys, and participatory workshops. Specific methods included structured surveys with 118 students, open-ended responses, and the use of the Mandarat technique to structure design needs. Through these tools, the study mapped user demands and traced their translation into actual floor and elevation plans for a library (“Firefly Library”) and English cafe. The findings reveal that facilitators played multi-layered roles: as agenda framers in the planning stage, design translators in the drafting stage, and execution coordinators during construction. Their expertise in spatial design, conflict mediation, and participatory governance directly influenced the quality and user satisfaction of the resulting spaces. This study contributes to public design discourse by offering a practical framework for facilitator-integrated participatory design, suggesting implications for future school space policies and participatory governance models.

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Development of an Evaluation Framework for Temporary Shelters as Healing Spaces and the Applicability of Modular Architecture

신윤정(Yoon-jeong Shin)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.3.033

This study aims to redefine post-disaster temporary shelters as healing spaces that not only meet physical and functional needs but also address psychological, aesthetic, and environmental aspects of recovery. In light of increasing disaster frequency and severity, the research emphasizes the necessity of shelter environments that support emotional stability and well-being for displaced individuals, rather than merely offering emergency protection. Through an extensive literature review, key spatial elements contributing to healing were identified based on psychological, sensory, and environmental criteria. These elements informed the development of a structured evaluation framework to assess the healing potential of temporary shelters. The framework was applied to a set of domestic and international case studies, encompassing both conventional and modular facilities. Scores derived from the framework were compared with expert evaluations to verify reliability. Additionally, the study investigated modular construction as a viable strategy for realizing healing-oriented shelter environments, given its advantages in speed, quality control, flexibility, and reusability. The evaluation revealed strong correlations between expert opinions and the framework-based scores, confirming the validity of the proposed tool as a planning and assessment method. Modular shelters demonstrated significant potential to integrate healing elements while addressing urgent logistical and spatial demands in post-disaster contexts. The findings suggest that modular architecture is not only efficient and sustainable but also capable of supporting emotional recovery and social resilience. This study provides a foundation for incorporating healing principles into future disaster shelter design and contributes to the broader discourse on humane, responsive architecture in emergency settings.

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Stage Space Design and Transition Systems in Theaters

김경원(Kim, Kyung-Won)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.3.041

This study investigates and analyzes problems related to stage space configurations and stage machinery systems in multipurpose Theater in Korea. The aim is to provide practical reference data for the rational design of stage spaces and efficient installation of stage machinery systems during the construction or remodeling of future theater. As for the research methodology, existing literature and prior studies regarding stage space configurations and stage machinery systems were first reviewed. Based on this, interviews were conducted with stage managers and machinery supervisors who directly manage and operate stage facilities, in order to identify various practical issues occurring in actual operations. The findings indicate a widespread opinion that involving stage experts from the initial planning and design stage is essential to resolving issues related to stage conversion systems. Such early involvement can effectively prevent unnecessary additional costs and workloads during the operational phase and is considered the most effective method for enhancing both the safety and operational efficiency of theater.

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Exploring Locality in Francis Kere’s African Architecture

주아예(Zhu, Ya-Rui) ; 풍운용(Feng, Yun-Long) ; 윤성호(Yoon, Sung-Ho)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.3.051

As architectural theory increasingly emphasizes sustainability, cultural relevance, and social engagement, the concept of locality has become a crucial perspective in contemporary architectural analysis. This study centers on the architectural practices of Francis Kere in Africa, examining how his works respond to local cultural characteristics and issues of poverty, and exploring the implications of his approach for the pluralistic development of contemporary architecture. By taking African architecture as a point of departure, the research aims to offer new pathways and practical directions for the study of locality and sustainable architecture in impoverished regions around the world. Grounded in previous research on locality theory, the study identifies three types of locality?spatial, cultural-social, and functional?and combines them with an analysis of Kere’s architectural characteristics to construct three core dimensions: material innovation, community collaboration, and climate adaptability. Through the intersection of these dimensions and attributes, nine characteristic terms are derived to reflect the localized logic of Kere’s work. By analyzing the commonalities among these nine traits, the research further defines three overarching expressions of locality in Kere’s architecture. These expressions are then applied to representative architectural projects in Africa for empirical analysis and evaluation, illustrating how Kere activates locality through concrete spatial strategies and environmental responses, ultimately achieving a translation of locality from theoretical discourse to spatial practice. This study concludes that architecture is not merely the physical creation of spatial forms, but rather a comprehensive medium for multifaceted interactions between humans, the environment, and society. Kere’s work, through the innovative fusion of traditional craftsmanship with modern technology and a design process rooted in community support and collaboration, has contributed to local development. His approach offers a low-cost construction methodology based on indigenous knowledge and techniques, providing meaningful reference for sustainable architectural practices in resource-constrained developing regions.

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Sustainable Furniture Design Direction Based on Paper Folding Principles, Methodology and Materials

정미렴(Chung, Miryum)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.3.062

This study aimed to propose a sustainable furniture design approach by integrating paper-folding (origami) techniques with eco-friendly paper materials. First, the historical background and characteristics of origami were examined, followed by an analysis of domestic and international examples to classify origami furniture into four categories: (1) direct implementation of familiar folding forms, (2) folding a single sheet of material but substituting its primary substance with another, (3) using paper as the base material and mixing resins or adhesives to form the desired shape, and (4) cutting and assembling multiple sheets of corrugated cardboard. Through this process, I investigated key aspects such as load-bearing capacity in folded structures, methods of enhancing water resistance and durability according to each material, and recyclability. I also conducted expert interviews with both origami practitioners and paper-recycling specialists to gather technical and practical insights. The findings revealed that origami-based furniture can maximize the lightweight and recyclable nature of paper, yet ensuring structural stability and long-term durability requires reinforcement methods, water- or scratch-proof treatments, and pre-creasing techniques for thick paper. Moreover, to facilitate repulping or easy disassembly for recycling, the initial design stage should consider modularization and straightforward separation of components. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of origami structures in combining space efficiency, portability, and environmental friendliness within a single piece of furniture. Nevertheless, further prototype development and diverse experimental validation will be essential to confirm its viability in real-world applications.

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