The Journal of
the Korean Institute of Interior Design

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  • ISSN : 1229-7992(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6832(Online)
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Current Issue : Vol.34 No.6(통권 173호), 2025-12

All Issues

IPA Analysis-Based Sustainable Carbon-Neutral Space Design in LEED-Certified Facilities

김서율(Kim, Seo-Yul) ; 한혜련(Han, Hae-Ryon)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.001

This study aims to propose sustainable space design strategies to achieve carbon neutrality in the common spaces of commercial facilities. As the construction sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, it is essential to develop design guidelines that reduce energy use and improve user experience. Based on LEED V5 (ID+C) and Korea’s 2050 carbon-neutral policy, a checklist including space planning, natural lighting, eco-friendly materials, energy efficiency, and resource management was developed and applied to five LEED-certified facilities. Surveys of experts and users were conducted, and the results were analyzed using the Importance?Performance Analysis (IPA) method to evaluate both the importance and satisfaction of each design factor. This method provided a systematic framework to identify key priorities for sustainable design improvement. The findings revealed that spatial composition, material selection, and energy management are essential for carbon-neutral design. Strategies such as natural light inflow, recycling, low-carbon material use, and smart energy monitoring effectively reduce emissions while enhancing comfort and user satisfaction. Ultimately, this study presents practical guidelines and data that can support architects, designers, and policymakers in implementing carbon-neutral strategies in the built environment.

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Pedestrian Performance Analysis and Optimization of Floor Plan Types in Underground Shopping Malls Using Agent-Based Simulation

권예진(Kwon, Ye-jin) ; 김동식(Kim, Dongsik)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.009

Underground shopping malls in Korea, despite benefiting from steady pedestrian inflows from urban rail systems, are experiencing rising vacancy rates and declining profitability due to the growth of online retail and decentralized commerce. Conventional revitalization measures?such as marketing events and rent subsidies?have yielded only temporary effects, indicating that structural design may play a more decisive role in long-term viability. This study examines the relationship between floor plan configuration and pedestrian performance, taking Bujeon Mall in Busan as a case study. An agent-based simulation was conducted, modeling four pedestrian types?Passing, Pragmatic, Meandering, and Appropriation?under both single-type and mixed-type conditions, across average and peak density environments. Results demonstrate that spatial configuration exerts a significant influence on movement efficiency, congestion resilience, and spatial utilization. The conventional three-row layout consistently underperformed, especially under peak loads, whereas central openness and zigzag arrangements improved adaptability and promoted more balanced density distribution. Mixed-type scenarios revealed synergistic effects, frequently outperforming single-type conditions. These findings suggest that underground mall regeneration depends not only on physical accessibility but also on cognitive clarity and spatial complexity. Finally, functional strategies are proposed for transit-oriented, commercial, and mixed-use contexts, offering design directions for the sustainable renewal of underground malls.

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Design Planning Strategies for Commercial Spaces Reflecting Sustainable Local Culture

김소연(Kim, So-Yeon) ; 김석경(Kim, Suk-Kyung)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.027

In the context of urban regeneration, commercial spaces are increasingly required to embody both locality and sustainability. However, contemporary design practices often remain superficial, emphasizing visual or functional aspects rather than long-term cultural and environmental values. This study aims to examine users’ experiences and perceptions of local culture and design preferences to identify spatial elements that reinforce cultural identity and inform sustainable design strategies for commercial spaces. This study conducted an online survey to identify key design factors for sustainable, locality-driven commercial spaces, and collected a total of 159 responses, of which 133 valid cases were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to examine demographic characteristics, commercial space usage, and design preferences, followed by one-way ANOVA to test differences across gender? age subgroups. The results indicate that users primarily value interior atmosphere, experiential programs, and contextual storytelling, with local identity most effectively conveyed through narrative-based spatial composition and the integration of regional resources. In conclusion, the findings suggest that culturally grounded commercial spaces are most positively perceived when aesthetic, experiential, and contextual elements work together to reinforce locality. Future planning should emphasize story-driven spatial strategies while selectively incorporating sustainability features according to demographic sensitivities.

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Diorama-Based User Participation Experiments on Safety Facility Arrangement in School Zones

김동식(Kim, Dongsik) ; 권예진(Kwon, Ye-jin)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.037

This study empirically demonstrates that excessive deployment of traffic safety facilities in overlapping school zones can paradoxically reduce their safety effectiveness. Through a three-stage methodology involving surveys, participatory diorama experiments, and interviews, the research revealed that users prioritize qualitative spatial hierarchy and cognitive efficiency over quantitative facility expansion. The results highlight six key insights: excessive facilities disperse attention and induce cognitive fatigue; spatial hierarchy is essential, with concentrated installations preferred at high-risk points and minimized in low-density areas; physical barriers are perceived as more effective than visual cues; continuous 600m school zones are inefficient and require flexible, time-based management; sustainable safety policy must balance safety and efficiency; and finally, hybrid placement combining concentrated and simplified strategies proved most effective. The diorama served as a participatory spatial narrative tool, illustrating safety as a sequential experience?recognition at entry, focused attention at the core, and release at exit. Overall, the study concludes that effective school zone safety depends not on quantitative expansion but on qualitative spatial structuring based on selective concentration and hierarchy, offering a new framework for designing cognitively optimized urban safety environments.

Abstract Full Text PDF

A Cooperative Textuality Analysis to The Traditional Elements in Contemporary Architecture

장즈난(Zhang, Zhinan) ; 김인성(Kim, In-sung)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.055

This study tries to reinterpret the relationship between traditional and contemporary architecture from a new perspective by applying the “Cooperative Principle” of text linguistics and the manner in which its maxims have been adapted in the field of literary translation. The aim of the research was not merely to identify architectural similarities, but to explore how architects and users understand and communicate tradition through architecture. To this end, the analysis focused on the efficiency and truthfulness of information, the similarity and appropriateness of architectural methods, and the similarity and suitability of receptive relationships. Through case analyses of the works of Wang Shu and Kengo Kuma, the study found that neither architect simply imitates tradition; rather, both reinterpret it in distinct ways so that tradition may be newly experienced within a contemporary context. Wang Shu’s work proved prominent in terms of the user relationship at the level of architectural surfaces, whereas Kengo Kuma showed strong interest in the architect’s strategies at the spatial level. The former can be understood as an ‘meaning-centered communicative strategy,’ and the latter as an ‘architectural experimentation-centered strategy.’ The suggested framework and results of this study aspires to make a meaningful contribution to the academic discourse on the inheritance of tradition in architecture.

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Age-Friendly Public Spaces in Residential Communities: A Systematic Review of Spatial Design Strategies

첸지에(Chen, Jie) ; 김나연(Kim, Nayeon)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.067

Population ageing has heightened the need to understand how public spaces within residential communities support older adults’ everyday outdoor activities. This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence on spatial design strategies for age-friendly public spaces in residential communities. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science to identify relevant empirical studies, which were subsequently analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach. The review consolidates recurrent intervention types into a six-dimensional framework informed by environmental gerontology and international age-friendly principles, encompassing pathway design and connectivity, resting and sitting facilities, greenery and shade provision, lighting and safety features, wayfinding and signage, and interaction and activity spaces. The findings show a strong emphasis on pathway design and resting facilities, shaped by their role as foundational environmental supports in dense residential environments and by region-specific policy and climatic conditions. Evidence gaps include limited standardization, insufficient cost-effectiveness information, and under representation of low-density or climatically distinct settings. The review clarifies how age-friendly spatial design functions within residential community public spaces and provides a structured basis for future research and community-level micro-renewal practice.

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Spatial Perception Characteristics of Child-Friendly Pocket Parks Based on the Mosaic Approach

량옌(Liang Yan) ; 한정원(Han, Jeong-won)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.082

In the context of rapid urbanization, the construction of child-friendly public spaces has become an important topic in urban design and planning. As small-scale green open spaces situated within residential areas, pocket parks play a significant role in enhancing community livability and enriching children’s everyday outdoor experiences. This study, based on the Mosaic Approach proposed by British scholars Alison Clark and Peter Moss, employs a multi-dimensional participatory methodology integrating children’s drawings, semi-structured interviews, and behavioral observation to explore the spatial perception, behavioral preferences, and emotional expressions of children aged 6?12 toward pocket parks. A conceptual framework of “children’s spatial perception?emotional cognition?behavioral preference” was constructed. Through content and thematic analysis of 30 children’s drawings and corresponding interviews, six core themes were identified: biophilic attachment, exploration and play experience, social belonging, safety and control, rest and comfort, and spatial cognition and accessibility. The findings indicate that children’s perceptions of pocket parks exhibit a progressive structure from sensory and emotional experience to behavioral interaction and cognitive understanding. Accordingly, six child-centered design strategies are proposed, emphasizing multi-sensory natural experiences, exploratory play spaces, inclusive social areas, perceivable safety, comfortable resting zones, and clear spatial organization. The study verifies the scientific validity and applicability of the Mosaic Approach in children’s spatial research and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the design of micro-scale, child-friendly urban spaces. It advocates a paradigm shift from “designing for children” to “co-creating with children,” promoting more inclusive, human-centered, and participatory urban environments.

Abstract Full Text PDF

Analysis of Technology Use Behavior and Satisfaction in a Smart Hotel

자오두오(Zhao, Duo) ; 이민(Lee, Min)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.082

In recent years, demands for operation improvements and advanced services have increased the importance of smart technologies across hotel environments. The purpose of this study is to identify guests’ smart technology-use characteristics in a hotel and to analyze differences in usage patterns and satisfaction by guest type. To this end, the FlyZoo Hotel?one of China’s representative smart hotels?was selected as the subject, and on-site investigation was conducted to examine the current state of smart technology adoption. Next, a questionnaire survey of 306 guests was conducted regarding their smart-technology usage characteristics and satisfaction. The results indicate clear differences in overall usage rates and satisfaction with smart technologies by gender and age group. Female guests experienced a wider range of technologies and, in many categories, reported higher satisfaction than male guests. By age group, guests in their twenties showed the highest usage rates but the lowest satisfaction, while guests aged forty and above had difficulty utilizing the technologies due to limited accessibility and a lack of systematic user guidance. By purpose of stay, business guests show higher usage and satisfaction with technologies that streamline procedures, while leisure tourists are more interested in technologies that offer new experiences and fun, suggesting that the perceived value of the same technology varies with the purpose of stay. As a result, future adoption of smart technologies in hotels should move beyond mere technological implementation toward a systematic approach that comprehensively considers the needs of different user groups.

Abstract Full Text PDF

Aquarium Themed Cafes as Urban Healing Spaces A Study on Emotional Perception and Environmental Design

왕스가(Wang, Si-Jia) ; 조은미(Zhao, Ling-Mei) ; 김면(Kim, Myun)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.103

As urbanization accelerates and daily rhythms intensify, psychological stress and emotional imbalance have become increasingly evident. While traditional therapies offer clinical benefits, rising concern for mental well-being has created demand for accessible and eco-friendly healing spaces. This study examines the “aquarium-themed cafe” as a new urban healing typology, exploring its spatial design strategies and psychological effects. Grounded in environmental psychology, emotional perception theory, and the biophilia hypothesis, the research proposes that emotional healing spaces should embody naturalness, sensory engagement, and social connection. Aquatic imagery, color and light variation, rhythmic water sounds, and the movement of fish create a soothing environment that promotes emotional resonance and relaxation. Meanwhile, the cafe’s warm atmosphere and social attributes transform it from a consumption site into a platform for emotional exchange and mental comfort. Through literature review, case comparison, field observation, user interviews, and surveys, six core healing design elements were identified: aquatic simulation, blue-space composition, animal observation, human?animal interaction, multifunctional layout, and greenery introduction. User feedback confirms their significant influence on comfort, stress relief, and sense of well-being. This study enriches the theoretical understanding of emotional healing in commercial space design and suggests new practical possibilities. As an integrated environment of aesthetic, functional, and psychological value, the aquarium-themed cafe illustrates a shift toward emotionally considerate and health-oriented design. Ultimately, it offers a strategy model based on environmental psychology and user experience optimization, providing theoretical and practical guidance for future urban mental health design.

Abstract Full Text PDF

Learning Effects of an AI-VR Integrated Educational Content for Age-Friendly Bathroom Design

이연숙(Lee, Yeun-Sook) ; 조승연(Cho, Seung-Yeon) ; 김태민(Kim, Tae-Min) ; 정지연(Jung, Ji-Yun) ; 조선화(Cho, Sun-Hwa) ; 전은정(Jun, Eun-Jung)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2025.34.6.111

This study examines the learning effects of an integrated educational content that combines AI-generated instructional video guides with a VR-based experiential bathroom environment designed to enhance understanding of age-friendly design principles. As the bathroom represents one of the most critical Life Spaces for older adults? closely linked to autonomy, fall prevention, dignity, and the sustainability of community-based aging-in-place?this study investigates how university students develop conceptual, spatial, and socio-contextual understanding through multimodal learning. The AI videos provided structured explanations of risk factors, design principles, and planning strategies based on convergent knowledge from gerontology, environmental psychology, behavioral science, and design studies. Complementing this, the VR environment enabled learners to visually inspect bathroom configurations across three levels and identify risk-prone spatial elements from an older adult’s perspective. Quantitative analyses showed consistently high ratings for usefulness, clarity, appropriateness, and perceived understanding across AI and VR components. Qualitative findings further revealed enhanced recognition of fall-related risks, deeper interpretation of spatial elements such as lighting, flooring, and circulation, and embodied empathy toward older adults’ perceptual and behavioral constraints. Learners also reconceptualized the bathroom as both a personal Life Space and a Social Care Space linked to aging-in-place sustainability. Together, these results demonstrate a dual-reinforcement mechanism in which conceptual explanations from AI and spatial immersion from VR mutually strengthen learning. The study confirms the pedagogical value of AI?VR integrated models in age-friendly design education and highlights their potential for broader dissemination across citizen education, community learning, and future professional training.

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