The Journal of
the Korean Institute of Interior Design

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Current Issue : Vol.35 No.4(통권 177호), 2026-08

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Free Plan in Laurent Beaudouin’s Library Architecture: Continuity and Transformation

김철환(Kim, Chul-Hwan)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.001

This study analyzes the inheritance and transformation of the free plan in Laurent Beaudouin’s library architecture, focusing on Henri Ciriani’s ‘L’espace 30×30’ studio design methodology. The free plan is understood not only as the structural liberation of walls, but also as an architectural principle that organizes spatial continuity, openness, and vertical relationships. The study first reviews the theoretical background of the free plan through Le Corbusier, Henri Ciriani, and Laurent Beaudouin. It then derives spatial elements from the 30×30 methodology and applies them to five library projects: Poitiers Mediatheque, Proudhon University Library in Besancon, Lucien Febvre University Library in Belfort, Le Mans University Library, and Brest University Library. The cases are analyzed in terms of building proportion, hall space, reading space, facade, skylight, and upper daylighting. The analysis shows that Beaudouin’s libraries continuously refer to the square order, central hall, void, ramp, and upper daylighting of the 30×30 methodology. However, these elements are not repeated as fixed forms. They are transformed according to site conditions, program scale, structure, and lighting strategies. In particular, the hall becomes an experiential space where movement, light, color, and object-like elements are integrated, while facades and skylights function as devices that filter, reflect, and diffuse light. In conclusion, the 30×30 design methodology in Beaudouin’s library architecture operates as a spatial principle reconstructed within real architectural conditions. His libraries demonstrate the contemporary potential of the free plan by transforming it into a sensory and experiential spatial language.

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Domestic and International Trends in Space Design Research Considering Sensory Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder

강이제(Kang, Yije) ; 김지민(Kim, Jimin) ; 최보인(Choi, Boin)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.013

This study aims to systematically analyze domestic and international trends in space design research considering sensory characteristics for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and to identify the key spatial components identified in such research. A scoping review was conducted following the five-stage framework of Arksey & O’Malley (2005), with a final sample of 25 studies selected from six domestic and international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, KCI, RISS, and DBpia) after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings revealed that relevant studies have been published from 2010 to 2026, with a noticeable increase since 2025, while domestic studies remained limited to three publications, indicating an early stage of development in Korea. Educational facilities accounted for the majority of the space types examined (20 studies, 80.0%), and school-aged children were the predominant target population. In terms of sensory elements, visual, auditory, and tactile/ proprioceptive environments were most frequently addressed, each appearing in 22 studies (88.0%). Visual design strategies converged on reducing stimulus intensity, enhancing user control, and providing visual structure. Specifically, these strategies included glare and flicker reduction, low-saturation and neutral color schemes, adjustable lighting, and the control of visual clutter. Auditory design strategies focused on controlling noise and reverberation, preventing sudden sounds, and considering individual differences in auditory sensitivity. Tactile and proprioceptive design strategies emphasized natural materials, varied and safe textures, sensory-regulation furniture and tools, and proprioceptive or vestibular elements such as swings and trampolines. Olfactory and other environmental factors were discussed in 13 studies(52.0%), indicating that they were addressed less frequently than other sensory domains. These factors were categorized into air quality and scent control, thermal comfort, and the integration of natural elements. In terms of spatial configuration, escape and calming spaces, transitional zones, and zoning were identified as key strategies for enhancing predictability and supporting sensory regulation. These findings indicate that space design considering the sensory characteristics of ASD is being discussed not only in terms of reducing individual sensory stimuli, but also as a way to support users in predicting, regulating, and recovering within the spatial environment.

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Educational Applications of Generative AI in Design Studio Education through Analysis of Learners’ Cognitive Processes

김영호(Kim, Young-Ho) ; 박찬일(Park, Chan-Il)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.029

This study comparatively analyzes how generative AI use relates to learners’ cognitive activity patterns across the design process in a lighting design studio course. To this end, an analytical framework?the CDP?Bloom matrix? was developed by integrating the Chicago Design Process (CDP) with Bloom’s cognitive taxonomy. Over one semester, case observation was conducted with the 54 students enrolled in the course, and the analysis of the post-project survey focused on 51 valid respondents (45 in the generative AI user group and 6 in the non-user group). The results show that the AI user group reported relatively higher perceptions in the Define?Collect and Present?Improve stages?particularly in information search, idea visualization, concept communication, and feedback reflection?and tended to engage earlier and more iteratively in higher-order cognition such as analysis, evaluation, and creation. In contrast, in the Brainstorm?Develop stage, the non-user group showed relatively higher mean scores in items related to circulation planning, drawing accuracy, and sense of scale. These findings suggest that generative AI can support visualization and communication in the design process, while drawing- and model-based design reasoning remains important for spatial scale, circulation, and functional logic. Therefore, lighting design education should not treat AI-generated outputs as final results, but should guide learners to re-examine them through plans, sections, models, and diagrams and to connect them with their own design logic.

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A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Workspaces of Modern Honam Painters

천열홍(Cheon, Yeol-Hong)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.044

This study examines the dwellings of two representative modern Honam painters, Oh Ji-ho and Heo Baek-ryeon, comparing the characteristics of their workspaces, together with the way each workspace is related to the living quarters, on the basis of precise measured-survey data. Although both painters have been studied extensively in art history, the architectural composition of the spaces in which they lived and worked has received little attention. Addressing this gap, the study establishes three analytical axes?site and layout, interior spatial composition and daylighting, and the relationship between dwelling and workspace?and analyzes the two ateliers by combining the perspectives of architectural transformation history and evidence-based design. The analysis shows that the two cases contrast clearly across all three axes. Oh Ji-ho’s house is identified as a separated type, in which the workspace was built as a detached structure two years after the dwelling and, as confirmed through cross-verification of measured drawings and documentary records, secured uniform north-side daylighting through a roof skylight. Chunseolheon is identified as an integrated type, in which the workspace?a tatami room?was planned within the same building as the living quarters from the time of initial construction. This difference is interpreted as correlating with the differing genres and working methods of the two painters: the standing practice of Western-style painting and the seated practice of Southern-school literati painting. As a comparative case study, this research does not generalize its findings into a universal proposition but clarifies the correlation between painting genre and the characteristics of their workspaces observed between the two cases. The significance of the study lies in offering the first sustained architectural analysis of painters’ workspaces?long treated within art history?from the perspective of interior architecture and on the basis of measured-survey data.

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Spatial Integration of Intelligent Monitoring Sensors in Elderly Care Environments and Their Effects on Older Adults’ Emotional Experiences

푸티엔(Fu, Tian) ; 정미렴(Chung, Miryum)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.053

With the development of smart elderly care, intelligent monitoring sensors have been increasingly introduced into elderly care environments and have become an important technological means of ensuring the safety of older adults. Existing studies, however, have largely focused on technological functions, while paying insufficient attention to the spatial integration of such devices and their emotional effects on users. Taking Taikang Community Pengyuan in Shenzhen and BOE Jingcheng Shiguang in Chengdu as case studies, this research adopts a qualitative methodology combining spatial observation and semi-structured interviews. It examines the configuration characteristics of monitoring sensors in private spaces, transitional spaces, and public activity spaces, as well as their impacts on older adults’ emotional experiences. The findings indicate that the deployment logic of monitoring devices differs significantly across spatial attributes. Older adults’ emotional experiences also present clear spatial stratification: in private spaces, a sense of security coexists with privacy-related anxiety; in transitional spaces, mobility safety becomes the primary concern; while in public activity spaces, technological normalization and a relatively low sense of intrusion are more evident. Based on these findings, this study constructs a model of the emotional influence mechanism of intelligent monitoring sensors, revealing the relationships among device integration, spatial attributes, user perception, and emotional experience. The results provide practical implications for optimizing the design of intelligent monitoring systems in smart elderly care environments.

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A Comparative Analysis of Biophilic Design Characteristics in Public Spaces of Elderly Care Facilities in Nanchang, China

공운(Kong, Yun) ; 정미렴(Chung, Miryum)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.068

As population aging continues to accelerate, increasing attention has been paid to the environmental quality of public spaces in elderly care facilities. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of biophilic design in the public spaces of three elderly care facilities in Nanchang, China?Taikang Community Gan Garden, Jiangtou Beiyuan Elderly Care Center, and Jiangxi Changtian Integrated Medical and Elderly Care Center?and to examine the perceptions, evaluations, and improvement needs of older residents and staff. A qualitative multiple-case study was conducted using spatial observations, on-site photographs, retrospective observation records, and semi-structured interviews. Based on the analytical framework of direct experience of nature, indirect experience of nature, and experience of space and place, the study comparatively analyzed three types of public spaces: resting spaces, shared activity spaces, and outdoor natural spaces. The findings revealed that the differences among the three facilities were not primarily attributable to the presence or absence of natural elements, but rather to whether biophilic design characteristics were clearly expressed, consistently incorporated across different public spaces, and appropriately integrated with functional areas such as seating areas, reading spaces, activity areas, walking paths, and outdoor resting points. The study concludes that the effectiveness of biophilic design in elderly care facilities depends not simply on the provision of natural elements but on their integration into the everyday spatial experiences of older adults. Based on the characteristics of the three types of public spaces and the spatial conditions of each facility, differentiated design strategies are proposed to improve the quality of public spaces in elderly care facilities.

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Organization and Transformation of Educational-Living Spaces in Brady Hall Based on Its Three-Wing Plan Configuration

천열홍(Cheon, Yeoll-Hong)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.080

This study analyzes the organization and transformation of educational-living spaces in Brady Hall, a former seminary dormitory of the Catholic Archdiocese of Gwangju, with a focus on its three-wing (‘ㅅ’-shaped) plan configuration. While previous studies have mainly examined the architectural changes and registered cultural heritage value of the entire Daegeon Seminary complex, this study focuses on the interior spaces of Brady Hall by examining spatial configuration, functional arrangement, communal living patterns, and spatial transformation related to curriculum and student accommodation. The research materials include floor plans of the first, second, and third floors, interview records from the documentation report, historical photographs of dormitory rooms and lounge spaces, and room-by-room functional information. The results show that Brady Hall functioned as an educational-living space for a Catholic seminary, combining student dormitories, rooms for religious members, study rooms, a Latin classroom, and lounge spaces through a three-wing plan composed of a central node and three connected masses. Most rooms on the second and third floors were used as dormitories, while Rooms 224-225 on the second floor and Rooms 324-325 on the third floor were known as rooms for religious members and performed a supervisory and managerial role within the student living area. The early dormitory space was not divided into small rooms as it is today, but was used as an open communal sleeping area. Around 1969-1970, partitions were installed, transforming the space into smaller group-based rooms for four to six students. This spatial subdivision is interpreted as the result of the seven-year seminary curriculum, long-term student accommodation, grade-based living stages, and communal education. The central node functions as a spatial mediator that integrates circulation branching, vertical movement, and sanitary facilities, distinguishing the three-wing plan from typical corridor-type dormitories such as Pinson Hall (1922). This study focuses on the spatial transformation between 1961 (construction) and around 1969-1970 (partition installation), leaving the 1993 individualization as a topic for future research. Therefore, the interior spaces of Brady Hall can be characterized by communal living, educational living, supervisory and managerial function, multipurpose communal function, gradual spatial individualization, and spatial subdivision.

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Implementation Methods of Town Amenities in Adaptive Reuse Mixed-Use Spaces

임지은(Lim, Ji-Eun)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.089

This study investigates the implementation methods of town amenities within adaptive reuse mixed-use spaces, moving beyond the standardized development of contemporary urban commercial environments to function as daily hubs for local communities. To achieve this, a qualitative research approach based on architectural drawing analysis and field observations was conducted. A multi-dimensional analytical framework?comprising the contrast of old and new materiality, the establishment of three-dimensional spatial sequences, and program curation?was applied to five major domestic cases representing diverse physical contexts, including industrial heritage and public infrastructure. The analysis revealed that successful spaces functioning as town amenities share key design characteristics. First, they visually and tactilely reinterpret irreplaceable memories of a place through material contrast, juxtaposing the raw textures of old structures with modern finishes through precise micro-architectural details. Second, they construct three-dimensional spatial sequences replicating urban alleys, utilizing transitional spaces like courtyards and split-levels that blur interior-exterior boundaries. Third, they secure publicness by providing non-purpose public spaces paired with curated local-centric content. Crucially, this study demonstrates that fixed physical constraints, such as aging structural frames and narrow urban alleys, are not obstacles but core assets that forge multi-layered placeness when integrated with new space programs. Furthermore, since densifying heterogeneous programs and modern MEP systems within limited residual structures can cause physical clashes, this study proposes a practical checklist for designers and recommends the adoption of a collaborative integrated design process accompanied by technical simulations like 3D Building Information Modeling (BIM) for future practical applications. In conclusion, this research provides practical guidelines for creating sustainable, communityintegrated environments amidst shifting paradigms in contemporary architectural design.

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Interior Design Characteristics of Museum Interactive Exhibition Spaces Based on Embodied Cognition Theory

허자치(He Jiaqi) ; 윤성호(Yoon, Sung-ho)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.100

As museums increasingly shift toward experience-centered environments, interactive exhibition spaces have become important settings for visitor participation and meaning-making. However, previous studies have mainly focused on interactive technologies and individual design elements, while the spatial conditions underlying embodied experience remain insufficiently explained. This study develops an interior design framework for museum interactive exhibition spaces based on Embodied Cognition Theory. Through a literature review, perceptual, behavioral, and semantic embodiment were identified as three core characteristics, along with five interior design attributes. Their correspondence generated four embodied design characteristics: Perceptual Constitution, Circulation Intentionality, Bodily Interactivity, and Metaphorical Pervasiveness. The framework was applied to five museum cases created, renovated, or substantially updated between 2022 and 2025. Perceptual Constitution appeared as a common foundation across all cases, whereas the other characteristics varied according to exhibition type and the integration of spatial organization, circulation, media, and meaning. The findings indicate that perceptual immersion alone does not ensure an integrated embodied experience. Future designs should coordinate spatial scale and lighting, connect circulation with exhibition narratives, integrate operation?feedback relationships throughout the space, and apply a core metaphor consistently across spatial and media elements. The proposed framework provides analytical and design criteria for understanding the spatial conditions of embodied museum experiences.

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The Client-side Design Management Process in Corporate Office Space Planning

김유라(Kim, Yu-La)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.4.110

With the expansion of hybrid work environments and changes in workplace strategies, large-scale corporate office relocation projects have undergone significant changes in spatial utilization and organizational operations. Client requirements have expanded beyond functional space planning to include organizational culture, user experience, and collaborative work environments, increasing the importance of client participation and coordination during the project process. This study aims to analyze the client-side design management process in corporate office space planning. A large-scale office project was examined from the space planning stage through design, construction, occupancy, and operational transition, focusing on stakeholder collaboration and decision-making processes. The findings indicate that the client plays a significant role in establishing workplace strategies, coordinating organizational requirements, collecting user feedback, and managing stakeholder collaboration throughout the project. In particular, the space planning stage was found to have a strong influence on overall project direction and operational strategies. This study is meaningful in that it structures the client-side design management process through case-based analysis and provides practical reference data for future office space planning and design management practices.

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