The Journal of
the Korean Institute of Interior Design

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  • ISSN : 1229-7992(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6832(Online)
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Current Issue : Vol.35 No.2(통권 175호), 2026-04

All Issues

Improvement Direction of the Barrier-Free Certification System for Inclusive Educational Environments

박다연(Park, Da Yeon) ; 김미경(Kim, Mi-Kyoung)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.001

The number of students with special educational needs, especially neurodiverse individuals with autism or intellectual disabilities, is increasing rapidly. However, South Korea’s current Barrier-Free (BF) certification system remains largely focused on physical accessibility, often neglecting specific cognitive and sensory needs. This study aims to address this gap by identifying limitations within the existing Korean framework and proposing strategic policy actions. The main goal is to enhance the practical usability and inclusivity of educational facilities to support all students fairly. To achieve these aims, this research adopts a two-part methodological approach. First, it conducts a detailed analysis of the current Korean BF certification standards, emphasizing their focus on physical accessibility. Second, it performs a comparative study with Australia’s advanced Universal Design (UD) standards. By contrasting South Korea’s prescriptive regulations with Australia’s performance-based framework, the study highlights systemic differences in policy implementation, regulatory philosophy, and long-term management strategies for educational environments. The results reveal three primary differences: South Korea emphasizes strict regulatory compliance, whereas Australia prioritizes human rights values. Australia also maintains lifecycle management through ongoing oversight after project completion, unlike Korea’s focus on initial certification. Additionally, Australia employs integrated network management rather than isolated facility units. Consequently, this study recommends redefining BF principles toward universal fairness, shifting to area-wide integrated management, and establishing a post-monitoring system. These changes, combined with flexible, performance-based regulations, will help ensure the sustainable functionality of educational spaces.

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Analysis of the Incorporation of Regional Characteristics in Fishing Village Regeneration Projects through Case Studies of Fishing Village New Deal 300 Pilot Sites - Focused on Architectural Project Planning -

강효정(Kang, Hyo-Jeong)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.010

Since 2019, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries has implemented large-scale quantitative initiatives for the regeneration of fishing villages, beginning with the Fishing Village New Deal 300 Project. However, various issues have arisen during project implementation, and official reports indicate that a primary cause is the lack of professional expertise in architectural project planning. Accordingly, this study focuses on the architectural project plans of pilot sites selected to establish successful models for the Fishing Village New Deal 300 Project. Specifically, it examines and analyzes the planning characteristics of architectural project plans at these pilot sites and derives typologies based on the ways in which local characteristics are reflected in the plans. A total of 12 completed pilot cases were selected for analysis. Through a comparative examination of architectural project plans and their planning characteristics, five types were identified according to how regional characteristics are incorporated: (1) underdeveloped island fishing village type, (2) dispersed settlement type, (3) tourism-linked fishing village type, (4) urban-adjacent mixed-use type, and (5) production-centered fishing village type. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for local consultative bodies in establishing basic directions when preparing architectural project plans for similar fishing village and harbor regeneration projects in the future. However, as noted in the study background, only 16 exemplary cases with outstanding architectural plans were identified out of a total of 300 project sites, and only 12 completed cases were analyzed. Therefore, the study is limited by its small sample size.

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Changes in Human-Technology Relationships in the History of Smart Home Development: Focused on Technological Mediation Theory

신수영(Shin, Soo-Young) ; 송지현(Song, Ji-Hyun) ; 정경숙(Chong, Kyong-Suk)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.019

This study analyzes the evolution of smart home technology from the 1930s to the present, focusing on how the relationship between humans and technology has transformed over approximately a century. Adopting an interpretive-historical research design, this study employs Verbeek’s theory of technological mediation as an analytical framework to systematically examine primary and secondary literature sources. The analysis reveals that throughout the history of smart homes, the position of residents has progressively shifted from “service recipients” to “technology operators,” “information consumers,” and finally “data providers.” This trajectory represents a gradual movement of residents from being “subjects” of technology to becoming its “objects.” The dominant types of human-technology relationships have also evolved across five periods: from the embryonic form of hermeneutic relations in the Era of Imagination (1930-1960), through the failure of embodiment relations in the Era of Challenge (1960-1990), to the coexistence of hermeneutic and background relations in the Era of Connection (1990-2010), and the overlapping of alterity and background relations in the Era of Intelligence (2010-2020). In the current fifth period, generative AI-based smart homes simultaneously embody the potential to reposition residents as “reflective subjects” and the risk of reducing them to “hyper-objectified targets.” Based on these findings, this study proposes reconceptualizing smart homes not merely as “automated convenience systems” but as “identity-based living environments.” For this transformation, four conditions are necessary: transparency, bidirectionality, support for reflection, and respect for autonomy. These conditions provide new directions for technology design, housing policy, and interior design practice. This study contributes to providing a theoretical foundation and an opportunity for reflection toward the transition “from automation to identity.”

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A Comparative Analysis of Commercial Environment Projects in Korea, Singapore, and Japan

이진경(Lee, Jin-Kyung)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.032

This study aims to demonstrate that the field of interior architecture is not merely a subordinate process in commercial environment planning, but rather a central agent in planning spatial branding. Furthermore, it proposes the possibility of conducting independent research and applying practical projects when analyzing commercial environment planning from the perspective of interior architecture. The ultimate goal of this study is to establish the interior architecture sector as an essential professional workforce in future commercial environment planning. Accordingly, this study clarifies that commercial environment planning is implemented as a convergent design through collaboration between the fields of architecture and interior architecture during the practical process. Based on a design and spatial planning checklist for commercial environments, case analyses were conducted on projects in Korea as well as Singapore and Japan, which share similar physical and climatic environments. The analysis concludes that, given the extensive project experience and long-term practical capabilities required, the active participation and management of interior architecture professionals are essential not only in the final implementation stage of the commercial environment field but from the initial planning phase through to the execution of design.

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Complex Cultural Spaces in Urban Parks as Third Places

김유진(Kim, Yu-Jin) ; 황연숙(Hwang, Yeon-Sook)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.041

In contemporary society, direct social interaction has declined due to social and demographic changes and the normalization of digitally mediated communication. Accordingly, public spaces are increasingly required to function as third places that mediate interpersonal interaction and support emotional stability and recovery. The purpose of this study is to analyze five cases of book shelters developed as cultural complex spaces in urban parks through the “Book Shelter in Seoul Parks”, focusing on urban parks as representative third places. The findings are as follows: First, based on a review of previous studies, spatial characteristics of complex cultural spaces were categorized into spatial configuration characteristics?accessibility, openness, and diversity?and spatial experience characteristics ?interaction, stability, and playfulness. These findings indicate that, as a complex concept encompassing both physical and non-physical characteristics, Third Place requires integrated spatial planning that structurally combines spatial configuration and spatial experience characteristics. Second, for complex cultural spaces in urban parks to function as Third Places, they should be planned in relation to the park’s physical environment, to establish a transitional spatial structure that connects and extends park usage flows. Third, for complex cultural spaces in urban parks to function as Third Places in terms of spatial experience, spatial strategies are required to enable programs and activities linked to the park’s natural environment to extend beyond one-time participation into repeated use and relationship formation. Fourth, as the concept of the Third Place has expanded the scope of social interaction through digital technologies, digital elements that encourage users’ voluntary exploration and participation should be incorporated. This study examines complex cultural spaces in urban parks from a Third Place perspective and proposes spatial planning and design strategies to enhance their role in fostering social interaction. Future research should incorporate behavioral observation, in-depth interviews, and surveys to strengthen empirical validation.

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Development of an AI-Driven Resilient Indoor Space Operations Framework for Climate and Environmental Change Adaptation

장진하(Jang, Jinha) ; 임경란(Lim Kyung-ran)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.050

This study reconceptualizes resilience in interior space design under climate change by extending it beyond physical environmental control. While prior resilient- space approaches have largely emphasized thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and building performance, this research argues that spatial resilience must also include operational continuity and stable interaction structures among users, environments, and technological systems. Accordingly, the study aims to establish a design framework in which artificial intelligence (AI) is positioned not merely as a control/optimization tool, but as an intermediary operational layer that supports adaptive decision-making under uncertain and disruptive conditions. A qualitative multiple-case study approach is employed to analyze advanced smart building and adaptive workspace projects that respond to climate-related uncertainty. The cases include AI-enabled office environments, high-risk experimental spaces, and automated operational facilities where human?machine? environment coordination is central. Each case is examined across three dimensions: (1) functional configuration and environmental control systems, (2) hierarchical operational structures with role-based access management, and (3) interaction mechanisms that reduce conflict and sustain service continuity during disruptions. Cross-case comparison is used to extract recurring components and synthesize them into an integrated analytical framework The findings indicate that resilient interior spaces are achieved through coordinated integration of functional systems, operational logic, and interaction structures rather than environmental performance alone. Interaction management?such as collision prevention, access control, and workflow continuity?emerges as a critical yet underexplored determinant of spatial resilience. AI is reframed as an operational mediation layer that dynamically reconfigures spatial functions and relationships as conditions change, rather than as simple automation. The proposed framework offers practical design guidelines from early design through long-term operation and provides a foundation for future empirical evaluation in climate-responsive interior architecture.

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Analysis of UX Design Factors in a Smart Hotel - Focused on the Case of FlyZoo Hotel in China -

량옌(Liang Yan) ; 한정원(Han, Jeong-won)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.066

Smart hotels, as service environments that integrate physical space with smart technologies, require a user experience(UX) perspective to design meaningful sensory experiences and effective human?technology interactions. This study examines how hotel-use behaviors and satisfaction differ across guest types, and identifies key UX design factors in smart hotels by conducting factor analysis based on guests’ experiences and perceptions. A questionnaire survey was administered to guests at FlyZoo Hotel in China, a representative smart hotel. The results show clear differences by gender and age in travel purpose, selection criteria, and travel companions. Satisfaction with both service and the physical environment also differed significantly across groups. Male guests more often stayed for business purposes, whereas female guests more frequently visited for tourism. Technological attributes were an important determinant of hotel choice across the sample. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four UX design dimensions: sensory experience, functional convenience, participatory interaction, and unconscious immersion. Group comparisons indicated that sensory experience and unconscious immersion were highest among male guests, guests in their 30s, and visitors traveling for tourism or business. Overall, the findings suggest that the future competitiveness of smart hotels depends less on technological advancement itself and more on experience- oriented planning strategies.

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An Analysis of the Characteristics and Methods of Overlap Between the Virtual and the Real in Media Spaces

임성재(Lim, Sung-Jae) ; 임경란(Lim, Kyung-Lan)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.075

Media spaces have evolved in both composition and user experience alongside advancements in digital technologies and media. These spaces are characterized by the interplay of two key elements: the virtual, projected through digital media, and the real, shaped by physical spatial design. The objective of this study is to categorize the characteristics of overlap and to propose elements and methods for implementing overlap between virtual and physical space. This study explores the potential of blurring the boundary between the virtual and the real to generate novel forms of spatial experiences and programs. To achieve this objective, the research was conducted through a multi-stage methodology. First, a comprehensive review of extant literature was conducted to examine the functions and value of overlap as a generative method. Based on post-structuralist theories, and the characteristics of overlap were identified and classified. Subsequently, the study investigated the constituent elements of media space, the experiential value of spaces where overlap occurs, and the directional tendencies of overlap in contemporary contexts. Through this process, new characteristics of overlap specific to media spaces were derived. A case study of six media space projects was then conducted to examine how overlap is implemented and how it influences spatial experience. Each case was analyzed in terms of its methods of expressing overlap and the resulting transformations in user perception and interaction. Based on these findings, the study proposed strategies and relational frameworks for integrating virtual and physical space, aiming to expand spatial experience in media environments. Media spaces are characterized by the dynamic interrelation between the virtual and the real, as well as by the continuous reconfiguration of spatial experience through interacting elements. The phenomenon of overlap within media spaces, and the concomitant emergence of new spatial programs derived from it, has the potential to serve as a foundational principle for future spatial design methodologies that seek to enrich human experience and life.

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Spatial Design Strategies for Age-Friendly Renovation of Public Spaces in Old Residential Communities: A Case Study from Hangzhou, China

첸지에(Chen, Jie) ; 김나연(Kim, Nayeon)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.085

Population aging has increased the practical importance of public spaces in old residential communities, where routine walking, brief rest, and everyday social contact must be supported in compact, shared outdoor settings. This study examines age-friendly renovation practices in two Hangzhou cases?Cuiyuan No. 1 District and Hemu Community?and uses a six-dimensional spatial design strategy framework to organize and compare renovation measures. Data were compiled from secondary materials and field documentation, including policy and guidance documents, publicly available project materials, authoritative media sources, academic sources, and site visits. Renovation measures were extracted as discrete spatial actions and were then mapped to the six strategy dimensions to construct a strategy profile for each community. The cross-case comparison indicates a consistent three-level prioritization structure. Pathway design and connectivity and lighting and safety features formed the foundational layer. Resting and sitting facilities and wayfinding and signage operated as enabling supports that sustained everyday comfort and basic orientation along routine routes. Greenery and shade provision and interaction and activity spaces were more often implemented as selective enhancements, shaped by local space availability, implementation feasibility, and long-term upkeep. Overall, the framework-based mapping clarifies how age-friendly renovation practices provide layered forms of environmental support for everyday activities under conditions of limited spatial flexibility.

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A Bibliometric Analysis of Biophilic Design Research Trends - Based on the Scopus Database (2006?2025) -

이욱범(Li, Yufan) ; 이소영(Lee, So Young)

https://doi.org/10.14774/JKIID.2026.35.2.097

Urbanization has weakened human?nature relationships, and biophilic design has been proposed as an approach to restore these connections within built environments. This study aims to identify research trends in biophilic design and examine the temporal burst intensity of major keywords. Using 605 Scopus-indexed publications from 2006 to 2025, this study employs CiteSpace 6.4.R1 to conduct bibliometric and visualization analysis. The annual publication trend shows a steady increase in research output, with a marked acceleration beginning in 2018. Country collaboration network analysis reveals that the field involves 86 countries, led by the United States, Australia, China, the United Kingdom, and Italy, indicating its increasingly international character. Keyword clustering identifies three primary research directions: (1) biophilic design and health, (2) architectural and interior strategies, and (3) urbanism and sustainable development. Timeline analysis indicates thematic shifts over time, with research focusing on “architectural and interior strategies” (2007?2012), “urbanism and sustainable development” (2013?2018), and “biophilic design and health” (2019?2025). Burst detection further highlights “COVID-19” and “virtual reality” as emerging topics. This study analyzes the current state of biophilic design research and the developmental trends of its major thematic hotspots, providing reference directions for future research.

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