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  1. (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Korea. )



Hydraulic turbine generation system, Sliding mode control, Fuzzy logic, Dynamic response, Chattering phenomenon

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์›๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์—ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹œ์„ค์— ์˜จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์—ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ์•• ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ(Differential Pressure Control Valves, DPCV)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค(1). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, DPCV๋Š” ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฆ์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์˜ค์ž‘๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ(2), ์ตœ๊ทผ DPCV๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ฏธํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ, DPCV๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฐจ์•• ์ œ์–ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์†์‹ค๋กœ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค(3).

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ „์••์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค(4). ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์†์‘์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ† ํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์Œ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ก€-์ ๋ถ„(Proportional-Integral, PI) ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, PI ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์ฐจ์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ์ œ์–ด์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ์„œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ, ์™ธ๋ž€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†์‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(5-7). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ์˜ ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ๋ง ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ๋ง ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์ด ํด ๋•Œ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1 ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 1 Composition of hydraulic turbine generation system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1189/fig1.png

ํ† ํฌ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค(8). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ธ์–ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ž€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ œ์–ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ œ์–ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค(9,10). ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์†์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์†์‘์„ฑ์ด PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

2.1 ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ฐจ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ(Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator, PMSG), Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ, L ํ•„ํ„ฐ, 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ด ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ด€์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ฐจ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ PMSG๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. PMSG๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์€ Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” 3์ƒ 2-Level ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค(11-13).

PMSG ์ธก ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” PMSG๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—”์ฝ”๋”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„์น˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค(4). 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์œ„์ƒ ๊ณ ์ • ๋ฃจํ”„(Phase Locked Loop, PLL)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค(14). ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, L ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋Š” Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ PMSG ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ PMSG ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ

Table 1 Parameter of simulation and PMSG

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ

๊ณ„ํ†ต ์„ ๊ฐ„ ์ „์••

380 [Vrms]

๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

60 [Hz]

์ œ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ

100 [ฮผs]

์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ

500 [ฮผF]

PMSG

ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ

์ •๊ฒฉ ์ถœ๋ ฅ

5 [kW]

์ •๊ฒฉ ์†๋„

1750 [rpm]

d์ถ• ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค

7.25 [mH]

q์ถ• ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค

7.29 [mH]

๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ €ํ•ญ

0.158 [ฮฉ]

์‡„๊ต ์ž์†

0.264 [Wb]

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด PMSG์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ์†๋„๋ฅผ 900 rpm์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก ์„ ๊ฐ„ ์ „์••(VAB_grid)์€ 60 Hz/380 Vrms๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ „์••(VDC)์„ 600 V๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ 12 A๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜(iqe_gen)๋Š” ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜(iqe_grid)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PMSG๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜(i*qe_gen)๋Š” 0.2 ์ดˆ์— 2 A์—์„œ 6 A๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ iqe_gen์€ ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 2.15 ms์ด๋‹ค. PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2 PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 2 Simulation results of hydraulic turbine generation system operation using a PI controller

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3 PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 3 Simulation results of current control on PMSG side using a PI controller

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig3.png

ํƒœ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์†์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

2.3 ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด

์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ํ‰๋ฉด์€ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(1)
$S = e_{i}+\int e_{i}dt$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ei๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, PMSG

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4 ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„

Fig. 4 Current control block diagram on PMSG side using a sliding mode controller

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig4.png

์ธก q์ถ• ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ i*qe_gen๊ณผ q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ iqe_gen์˜ ์ฐจ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„์—์„œ Signum function ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด sgn(S)๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

(2)
$sgn(S)=\dfrac{S}{| S | +r},\: r =\{\begin{aligned}\begin{aligned}0,\: | S |\ge\delta \\\lambda ,\: | S |\le\delta\end{aligned}\end{aligned}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ฮป๋Š” ํฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’, ฮด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์–‘์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค(15). PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(3)
$e_{i_{-}surface}= sgn(S)\cdot K_{smc}+ e_{i}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Ksmc๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Ksmc๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ๋ง ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ei_surface๋ฅผ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธ q์ถ• ์ง€๋ น ์ „์••์€ ํ‘œ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(4)
$v_{qe_{-}g en}^{*}=k_{pq}\cdot e_{i_{-}surface}+ k_{i}\cdot\int e_{i_{-}surface}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, kpq์™€ ki๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ q์ถ• ๋น„๋ก€ ์ด๋“๊ณผ ์ ๋ถ„ ์ด๋“์ด๋‹ค.

2.4 ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , Ksmc์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ PMSG ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” Ksmc๋ฅผ 5๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด i*qe_gen์€ 0.2 ์ดˆ์— 2 A์—์„œ 6 A๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. iqe_gen์€ ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 0.5 ms์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ๋ง ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์€ PMSG์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ Ksmc๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Ksmc๋ฅผ 1๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, iqe_gen์€ ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ Ksmc๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•ฝ 1.78 ms๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Ksmc=5)

Fig. 5 Simulation results of current control on PMSG side using a sliding mode controller(Ksmc=5)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Ksmc=1)

Fig. 6 Simulation results of current control on PMSG side using a sliding mode controller(Ksmc=1)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig6.png

3. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์ธ Ksmc๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์€ PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ(ei)์ด๋ฉฐ, Fuzzification, Rule evaluation, Defuzzification์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ Ksmc๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Ksmc๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7 ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„

Fig. 7. ์ œ๋ชฉFig. 7 Current control block diagram on PMSG side using a proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig7.png

3.1 ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด

ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด๋Š” Fuzzification, Rule evaluation, Defuzzification์˜ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, Fuzzification์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„(Degree of Membership, DOM)๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค(16). ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šฐ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋ถ„ํฌ, ์‹œ๊ทธ๋ชจ์ด๋“œ ๊ณก์„ , ๋ฒ”์ข…ํ˜•, ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜• ๋“ฑ ์ž„์˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋ณ€์—ญ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์—๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ์†Œ์†๋˜์–ด DOM์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฒ„์ŠˆํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(17,18).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8 ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜

Fig. 8 Membership function

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig8.png

Rule evaluation์€ ๊ฐ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ DOM์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ output strength๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ output strength๋Š” ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, Defuzzification์€ ๊ฐ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ DOM๊ณผ output strength๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด 3.5์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ PS์™€ PB์˜ DOM์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.5์ด๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ DOM์€ 0์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธ Ksmc๋Š” ํ‘œ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(5)
$K_{smc}=DOM(NB)\cdot 7+DOM(NS)\cdot 0.5+DOM(Z)\cdot 0$ $+DOM(PS)\cdot 0.5+DOM(PB)\cdot 7$ $=0\cdot 7+0\cdot 0.5+0\cdot 0+0.5\cdot 0.5+0.5\cdot 7$ $=3.75$

ํ‘œ 2 ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‰ฝ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜

Table 2 Output strength of membership functions

Membership function

Meaning

Output

strength

NB

Negative Big

7

NS

Negative Small

0.5

Z

Zero

0

PS

Positive Small

0.5

PB

Positive Big

7

3.2 ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ i*qe_gen์€ 0.2 ์ดˆ์— 2 A์—์„œ 6 A๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ iqe_gen์€ ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 0.92 ms์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์ธ Ksmc๋Š” ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ Ksmc๋Š” ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” Ksmc๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์†์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” Ksmc๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— iqe_gen์˜ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ iqe_gen ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•ฝ 58 % ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, iqe_gen์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ iqe_gen์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 96 % ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9 ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 9 Simulation results of current control on PMSG side using a proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig9.png

3.3 ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ PMSG ์ธก์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ํ‘œ 4์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ PMSG ์ธก ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ง€๋ น ์ „์••์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ PMSG ์ธก์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ํ‘œ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(6)
$P_{g e n}=\dfrac{-V_{g e n}}{Ls+R}\left(k_{pq}+\dfrac{k_{i}}{s}\right)\left(sgn\left(S_{s}\right)\cdot K_{smc}+e_{i_{-}surface}\right)$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, Vgen์€ PMSG์˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ ๊ฐ„ ์ „์••, L๊ณผ R์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ PMSG์˜ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ €ํ•ญ, Ss๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ํ‰๋ฉด S์˜ Laplace ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํŒ๋ณ„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Lyapunov ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ V2 = Ss2/2๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , Lyapunov ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ํ•ญ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‘œ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(7)
$\dot V_{2}=S_{s}\dot S_{s}=-b S_{s}^{2}+(1-a_{p}+b_{p})e_{i}S_{s}+\dfrac{L}{R}\dot P_{g e n}S_{s}$ $-b_{p}K_{smc}\left | S_{s}\right |$ $=-b_{p}S_{s}^{2}-E_{p}\left | S_{s}\right |$ $(E_{P}=\left |(a_{p}-b_{p}-1)e_{i}\right | -\left |\dfrac{L}{R}\dot P_{g e n}\right | +b_{p}K_{smc},\:$ $a_{p}=\dfrac{V_{g e n}k_{pq}}{R},\: b_{p}=\dfrac{V_{g e n}k_{i}}{R})$

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ 7์—์„œ $S_{s}\dot S_{s}<0$์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์ธ Ksmc๋Š” ํ‘œ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(8)
$K_{smc}\ge(\left |(1-a_{p}+b_{p})e_{i}\right | +\left |\dfrac{L}{R}\dot P_{g e n}\right |)/(b_{p})$

4. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10(a)๋Š” PMSG์™€ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋„ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ(Induction motor, IM)์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10(b)์™€ (c)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜๋Š” TMS320F28335 ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ PMSG์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10 ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ธํŠธ

Fig. 10 Experiment set

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig10.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์€ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด IM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ์†๋„๋ฅผ 900 rpm์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก ์„ ๊ฐ„ ์ „์••(VAB_grid)์€ 60 Hz/380 Vrms๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์ƒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ธก ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Back-to-Back ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ „์••(VDC)์„ 600 V๋กœ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ 12 A๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ iqe_gen์€ ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12๋Š” PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, i*qe_gen๋Š” 2 A์—์„œ 6 A๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, iqe_gen๋Š” ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 2.80 ms์ด๋‹ค. iqe_gen์˜ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์†์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์•• ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์ฐจ์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์•• ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11 PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 11 Experiment results of hydraulic turbine generation system operation using a PI controller

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/fig11.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12 PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 12 Experiment results of current control on PMSG side using a PI controller

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13 ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Ksmc=2)

Fig. 13 Experiment results of current control on PMSG side using a sliding mode controller(Ksmc=2)

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PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— iqe_gen์˜ ์†์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์ธ Ksmc์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์€ Ksmc๋ฅผ 2๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, i*qe_gen์€ 2 A์—์„œ 6 A๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ iqe_gen์€ ์ง€๋ น ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14 ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(Ksmc=1)

Fig. 14 Experiment results of current control on PMSG side using a sliding mode controller(Ksmc=1)

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15 ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 15 Experiment results of current control on PMSG side using a proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller

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์€ ์•ฝ 1.58 ms์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ๋ง ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Ksmc๋ฅผ 1๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ Ksmc์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•ฝ 1.83 ms๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด iqe_gen์€ 2 A์—์„œ 6 A๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•œ i*qe_gen์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 1.43 ms์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13 ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์ธ Ksmc๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์†์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Ksmc๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” Ksmc๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” Ksmc๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์†์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 49 % ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋„๋‹ฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์†์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์†์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์ด๋“์ธ Ksmc๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํผ์ง€ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Ksmc๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ Ksmc๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์†์‘์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ Ksmc๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ PMSG ์ธก q์ถ• ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์‘ ํผ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋”ฉ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2019๋…„๋„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์›(KETEP)์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (No. 20172020108970)

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์™ธ๊ณต๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€์›๋˜์—ˆ์Œ. (๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: R19XO01-20)

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์กฐ๋Œ€ํ˜„ (Dae-Hyun Cho)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/au1.png

He received the B.S. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2019 from Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea, where he is currently working toward the M.S. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.

His research interests include electric machine drives and power electronics, and control systems.

E-mail : cdh9507@ajou.ac.kr

๋ฐ•์˜์ˆ˜ (Yeongsu Bak)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/au2.png

He received the B.S. and M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea, in 2014, 2016, and 2019, respectively.

He is currently working as a Research Associate in Research Institute for Information and Electronics Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.

His current research interests include grid-connected systems, electric machine drives, and matrix converters.

E-mail : wov2@ajou.ac.kr

์ด๊ต๋ฒ” (Kyo-Beum Lee)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.10.1195/au3.png

He received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, in 1997 and 1999, respectively.

He received Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Korea University, Seoul, Korea, in 2003.

From 2003 to 2006, he was affiliated with the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, in Aalborg, Denmark.

From 2006 to 2007, he was affiliated with the Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.

In 2007, he joined the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.

He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Journal of Power Electronics, and Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology.

His current research interests include electric machine drives, renewable power generation, and electric vehicle applications.

E-mail : kyl@ajou.ac.kr