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  1. (Dept. of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Korea.

    Email :

    y.cho@yonsei.ac.kr

    )



Smart farm, Linear programming, Self-consumption of renewable energy

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ์„ค๋†๊ฐ€์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ•œ์ „์˜ ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์›๊ฐ€์˜ 50% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ์„ค๋†๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ์„์œ  ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ฒด, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ ์™œ๊ณก ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 2000๋…„~2018๋…„ ๋†์–ด์—… ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์†Œ๋น„ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์„์œ ๋Š” 3,600TOE์—์„œ 1,210TOE๋กœ 66% ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ „๋ ฅ์€ 456TOE์—์„œ 1,473TOE๋กœ 223%๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฃผํƒ์šฉ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์šฉ ๋“ฑ ํƒ€ ์ข…๋ณ„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(1). ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์˜ ํŒจ๋„, ESS ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„์ž… ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์€ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋†์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ํฌ๊ณ , ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์„ค๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์ง€์›์ œ๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ณต๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ(2), ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฃผํƒ(3), ๋ณ‘์›๊ฑด๋ฌผ(4), ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์บ ํผ์Šค ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘, ํƒœ์–‘์—ด, ์ง€์—ด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  Life Cycle ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค์น˜ ๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์บ ํผ์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๋‚ด ์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ตœ์  ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ NPV์™€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(5). ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์šด์ „์ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค์น˜๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ œ๋กœ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฃผํƒ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค์น˜๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ 50%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์›๋ฐ›์•„๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋“ฑ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด Off-grid ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์˜จ์‹ค ๋“ฑ์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž๋ฆฝํ˜• ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(6), ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์‹ผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ, ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง ์š”๊ธˆ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค(7). ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ๋“ฑ ๋™๋‚จ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋†์—…-ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๊ฒธ์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋†์—…์šฉ ๋ถ€์ง€ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ฐ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค(8).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ์„ค๋†๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ์ „์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๋ณธ ๋ก 

2.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจ๋ธ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 2016๋…„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๊ณผ ์ „๋ผ๋‚จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์ฃผ์‹œ ์‚ฐํฌ๋ฉด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ 300kW๊ธ‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋†์—…์šฉ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์˜จ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์œก์— ์ง€์žฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” 50ํ‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฒ„์„ฏ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋™๊ณผ 150ํ‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ œ์–ด๋™์—๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ•์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ์‹œ์„คํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝ 400ํ‰ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์˜จ์‹ค๋™์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๋™์—์„œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ƒ์œกํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„ 100kW, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์žฅ์น˜(ESS) 400kWh, ์ถ•์—ด์กฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„(Heat-pump) 300kW๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค(9). ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ์š”๋„

Fig. 1. Research Model Overview

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.1.001/fig1.png

2.1.2 ์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•

์ •ํ˜„์˜(2016)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์€ ์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’ ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ โ‘  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜, โ‘ก ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜, โ‘ข ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ 1์ฐจ ์„ ํ˜•ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ œ์•ฝ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ํ™•์ •์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ’๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์—†์ด ํ™•์ •์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค(10). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜์ธ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, SMP, CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์—‘์…€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ’ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.1.3 ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•

์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๋„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•œ์ „๋ง์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰($Q_{1}$)๊ณผ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ์—์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰($Q_{2}$), ํ•œ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰($Q_{3}$)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, $Q_{1}$, $Q_{2}$, $Q_{3}$๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

โ—‹ ์šด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„: 15๋…„

โ—‹ $Q_{1}$ + $Q_{2}$ = ์ด ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰(15๋…„)

$Q_{2}$ + $Q_{3}$ = ์ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(15๋…„)

* $Q_{1}$: ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘ ํ•œ์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰(kWh)

$Q_{2}$: ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„(ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„) ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰(kWh)

$Q_{3}$: ํ•œ์ „์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰(kWh)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ์ „๋ ฅ ํ๋ฆ„๋„

Fig. 2. Power Supply Flow in Smart Farm

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.1.001/fig2.png

์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ

Table 1. Basic data for objective function

(๋‹จ์œ„: ์ฒœ์›/kWh)

NO

ํ•ญ๋ชฉ

๋‹จ๊ฐ€

์‚ฐ์ถœ ๊ธฐ์ค€

1

SMP

0.069

โ€™20๋…„ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’: 69์›

2

REC

0.215

43์›์— ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ 5 ์ ์šฉ

3

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ

0.012

IEA(โ€™05): 0.000437 tCO$_{2}$$_{2}$/kWh,

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ 28,000์› / tCO$_{2}$$_{2}$

4

์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ

์ ˆ๊ฐ์•ก*

235,577

์—ฐ๊ฐ„์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰ 60% ๊ฐ์ถ• :

459,900kWh (459,900ร—47์›=21,615์ฒœ์›), ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 15๋…„

5

์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ

0.047

ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ: 47์›

6

์ •๋ถ€

์ง€์›๊ธˆ

0.098

195,000์ฒœ์›(PV, ESS ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์›)รท(132,130kWhร—15)

7

์„ค์น˜๋น„์šฉ

517,500

(์ดˆ๊ธฐ์„ค์น˜๋น„ 8.9์–ต์›โ€“3.15์–ต์›(H.P ์ •๋ถ€์ง€์›))ร—90%

8

์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ*

197,957

์ธ๊ฑด๋น„(8,000ร—15) ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋น„(5,000ร—3+12,000ร—12)

9

์ด์ž๋น„์šฉ*

87,025

์œต์ž๊ธˆ(517,500์ฒœ์›)์˜ ์ด์ž์œจ 2%: 5๋…„๊ฑฐ์น˜ 10๋…„์ƒํ™˜

10

๋น„์šฉํ•ฉ๊ณ„

802,482

์„ค์น˜+์šด์˜+์ด์ž๋น„์šฉ

11

RE ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰

1,981,950

132,130kWhร—15๋…„=1,981,950

12

์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

4,599,000

306,600kWhร—15๋…„=4,599,000

*15๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์ ˆ๊ฐ์•ก, ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ์ด์ž๋น„์šฉ์€ ํ• ์ธ์œจ(5%) ์ ์šฉ

์š”๊ธˆ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์•ก์€ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 60% ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 40%๋ฅผ ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„์˜ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์€ ํ•œ์ „ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ง์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋งŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค(11).

2.1.3 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด

์ƒ๊ธฐ Data๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ $Q_{1}$, $Q_{2}$, $Q_{3}$์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Max$\Pi$ = ($P_{SMP}$ +$P_{REC}$) ร—$Q_{1}$ + ($P_{CO_{2}}$+$P_{GOV}$) ร— $Q_{2}$ - $P_{KEP}$ ร— $Q_{3}$

+ $O_{OPC}$ - ($C_{CONST}$ + $C_{OPE}$ + $C_{I.N.T}$)

$\Pi$ : ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ต

$P_{SMP}$ : ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์˜ kWh ๋‹จ์œ„๋‹น SMP ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ

$P_{REC}$ : ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณต๋‹จ์˜ kWh ๋‹จ์œ„๋‹น REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ

$P_{CO_{2}}$ : ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ kWh ๋‹จ์œ„๋‹น ํ™˜์‚ฐ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ

$P_{GOV}$ : ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค์น˜๋น„ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ

$P_{KEP}$ : ํ•œ์ „์— ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ

$O_{OPC}$ : ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์•ก

$C_{CONST}$ : ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘, ESS ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋น„์šฉ

$C_{OPE}$ : ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„, ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋น„ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ด ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ

$C_{I.N.T}$ : ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ž๋น„์šฉ

$Q_{1}$ : ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘ ํ•œ์ „์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰(kWh)

$Q_{2}$ : ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰(kWh)

$Q_{3}$ : ํ•œ์ „์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰(kWh)

๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ESS์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 15๋…„์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰, ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์•ก, ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ๋“ฑ์€ 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ์—์„œ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$) ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  $Q_{1}$, $Q_{2}$, $Q_{3}$์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(12).

โ‘  $Q_{1}$+$Q_{2}$ = 1,981,950 kWh (์ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰(15๋…„))

โ‘ก $Q_{2}$+$Q_{3}$ = 4,599,000 kWh (์ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(15๋…„))

โ‘ข $Q_{1}$, $Q_{2}$, $Q_{3}$ $\ge 0$ ($Q_{1}$: ํ•œ์ „ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰, $Q_{2}$: ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰

$Q_{3}$: ํ•œ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰)

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 100kW๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ผํ‰๊ท  3.62์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ 132,130kWh๋ฅผ 15๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ค๋น„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 300kW, ์ผ์ผ ํ‰๊ท  10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์šด์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์œจ, ํžˆํŠธํŽŒํ”„ ํšจ์œจ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ์š”์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ 306,600kWh๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(13). ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2. ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’

Table 2. Parameters for forobjective function

๊ณ„์ˆ˜

๋‹จ์œ„

์ ์šฉ๊ฐ’

๊ณ„์ˆ˜

๋‹จ์œ„

์ ์šฉ๊ฐ’

$P_{SMP}$

์ฒœ์›/kWh

0.069

$P_{GOV}$

์ฒœ์›/kWh

0.098

$P_{REC}$

์ฒœ์›/kWh

0.215

$C_{CONST}$

์ฒœ์›

517,500

$P_{CO_{2}}$

์ฒœ์›/kWh

0.012

$C_{OPE}$

์ฒœ์›

197,957

$O_{OPC}$

์ฒœ์›/15๋…„

235,577

$C_{I.N.T}$

์ฒœ์›

87,025

$P_{KEP}$

์ฒœ์›/kWh

0.047

๋น„์šฉํ•ฉ๊ณ„

์ฒœ์›

802,482

ํ‘œ 2์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Max$\Pi$ = ($P_{SMP}$ +$P_{REC}$) ร—$Q_{1}$+($P_{CO_{2}}$+$P_{GOV}$) ร— $Q_{2}$ - $P_{KEP}$ ร— $Q_{3}$

+ $O_{OPC}$ - ($C_{CONST}$ + $C_{OPE}$ + $C_{I.N.T}$)

= (0.069 +0.215)ร—$Q_{1}$ + (0.012 +0.098)ร—$Q_{2}$ - 0.047ร— $Q_{3}$

+ 235,577 - (517,500 + 197,957 + 87,025)

= $0.284 \times Q_{1}+0.11 \times Q_{2}-0.047 \times Q_{3}-566,905$

2.1.4 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์ธ $0.284 \times Q_{1}+0.11 \times Q_{2}-0.047 \times Q_{3}-566,905$์™€ ์ œ์•ฝ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ $Q_{1}$, $Q_{2}$, $Q_{3}$์˜ ์ตœ์  ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3. ์ตœ์  ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ’

Table 3. Optimal value for objective function and power portfolio

๊ตฌ ๋ถ„

$Q_{1}$

$Q_{2}$

$Q_{3}$

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi_{\max}$)

์ ์šฉ๊ณ„์ˆ˜

0.284

0.11

0.047

-220,184

์ตœ์ 

ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

โ˜ž ์Œ์˜๋ถ€๋ถ„: Excel ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ•ด์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’

๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ 1,981,950kWh ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ•œ์ „์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ($Q_{1}$)์ด ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„($Q_{2}$)ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์€ -220,184์ฒœ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, $Q_{1}$(ํ•œ์ „ ํŒ๋งค)๊ณผ $Q_{2}$(์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„)์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์ ๊ฐ’์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ „์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋Š” $Q_{1}$์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์ด $Q_{2}$์™€ $Q_{3}$์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ํ•˜์—์„œ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๋†๊ฐ€์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•œ์ „์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ $Q_{2}$(์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„)์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” โ‘  CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, โ‘ก ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์„ค๋น„ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ๋ณด

โ‘  SMP, โ‘ก REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, โ‘ข CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, โ‘ฃ ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ์ด์ƒ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ 7๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 4๋Š” SMP, REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4. ์ฃผ์š”๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ถ”์ด

Table 4. Trends in prices and electricity bills

(๋‹จ์œ„: ์›)

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

SMP

REC

CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ

๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ

2013

152.1

162.5

-

45.51

2014

142.3

102.3

-

47.31

2015

101.8

92.3

12,044

47.31

2016

77.06

139.2

16,901

47.41

2017

81.77

128.5

21,038

47.57

2018

95.16

94.9

22,180

47.43

2019

90.74

60.4

28,902

47.74

2020

68.87

42.9

32,013

48.45

โ€ป REC ์ œ๋„๋Š” 13๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ๋„๋Š” 15๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œํ–‰์ค‘

SMP ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅํ†ต๊ณ„์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์œก์ง€ SMP์™€ ์ œ์ฃผ SMP๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  SMP๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(14), REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์›”๋ณ„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ธ์ฆ์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ธˆ์•กโ€™์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ˜„๋ฌผ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(15). CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์ข…ํ•ฉ์ •๋ณด์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ ์šด์˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(16). ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” KAU(Korea Allowance Unit), KCU(Korea Credit Unit), KOC(Korea Offset Credit)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ํ• ๋‹น์—…์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํ• ๋‹น๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ(KAU) ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” IEA(2005)์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” 0.000437(tCO$_{2}$/kWh)์„ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฉ๋„๋ผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ €์••, ๊ณ ์•• ๋“ฑ ์ „์••์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ฃผํƒ์šฉ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์šฉ, ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋“ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์š”๊ธˆ, ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์š”๊ธˆ ๋“ฑ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์••์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์š”๊ธˆ์ธ 1,210์›/kW์— ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ , ๋ด„ยท๊ฐ€์„์ฒ , ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ  ๋“ฑ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰ ์š”๊ธˆ 39.9์› ~ 41.9์›/kWh๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ์ „์—์„œ ๋งค๋…„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” โ€œ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ข…๋ณ„ ์ „๊ธฐํŒ๋งค ์‹ค์ โ€ ์ค‘ โ€œ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐโ€์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํŒ๋งค์‹ค์  ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(17).

์ตœ๊ทผ 7๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ถ”์ด ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, SMP๋Š” ์„์œ , LNG, ์„ํƒ„ ๋“ฑ ํ•ด์™ธ ์›์ž์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งค๋…„ SMP์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™์€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ์ ์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. 2013๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2017๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™ํญ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2015๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฐœ์„ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋‹ค. ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํŒ๋งค์š”๊ธˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 2013๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  45~48์›๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค.

2.1.5 ์ตœ๊ทผ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ REC ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ ์šฉ ๋ถ„์„

์ตœ๊ทผ 5๊ฐœ๋…„ REC์™€ CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ($\Pi$) ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ฐ’์€ ํ‘œ 5, ํ‘œ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5. REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 5. REC price adjustment simulation results

(๋‹จ์œ„: ์ฒœ์›, kWh)

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

โ€™16๋…„

โ€™17๋…„

โ€™18๋…„

โ€™19๋…„

โ€™20๋…„

REC

0.696

0.643

0.475

0.302

0.215

$Q_{1}$๊ณ„์ˆ˜

0.765

0.712

0.544

0.371

0.284

$Q_{2}$๊ณ„์ˆ˜

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.11

$Q_{3}$๊ณ„์ˆ˜

0.047

0.047

0.047

0.047

0.047

$Q_{1}$๊ฐ’

1,981,950

1,981,950

1,981,950

1,981,950

1,981,950

$Q_{2}$๊ฐ’

-

-

-

-

-

$Q_{3}$๊ฐ’

4,599,000

4,599,000

4,599,000

4,599,000

4,599,000

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’

733,134

628,090

295,123

-47,755

-220,184

REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 2018๋…„ ์ด์ „ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ 94.9์›/kWh ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$) ๊ฐ’์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜(+)๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” 2019๋…„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$) ๊ฐ’์ด ์Œ์ˆ˜(-)๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 6. CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 6. Simulation results by CO$_{2}$ Emissions Price

(๋‹จ์œ„: ์ฒœ์›, kWh)

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

โ€™16๋…„

โ€™17๋…„

โ€™18๋…„

โ€™19๋…„

โ€™20๋…„

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ

16.9

21.0

22.2

28.9

32.0

$Q_{1}$๊ณ„์ˆ˜

0.284

0.284

0.284

0.284

0.284

$Q_{2}$๊ณ„์ˆ˜

0.105

0.107

0.108

0.111

0.112

$Q_{3}$๊ณ„์ˆ˜

0.047

0.047

0.047

0.047

0.047

$Q_{1}$๊ฐ’

1,981,950

1,981,950

1,981,950

1,981,950

1,981,950

$Q_{2}$๊ฐ’

-

-

-

-

-

$Q_{3}$๊ฐ’

4,599,000

4,599,000

4,599,000

4,599,000

4,599,000

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’

-220,184

-220,184

-220,184

-220,184

-220,184

CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ํ‘œ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ 5๊ฐœ๋…„์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$) ๊ฐ’์ด ์Œ์ˆ˜(-)๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ $Q_{2}$์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์—๋งŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$) ๊ฐ’ ๋ณ€๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์•ฝ 572์ฒœ์› ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ์ƒ๋  ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ 18๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜(+)๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” REC์™€ CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋” ํด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ •์ด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” $Q_{1}$์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— (-) ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” REC์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, $Q_{2}$์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— (+) ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ธ์ƒ๋˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งคํšŒ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ด์ „ ๋Œ€๋น„ 10%์”ฉ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ , CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋งคํšŒ 10%์”ฉ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด $Q_{1}$, $Q_{2}$, $Q_{3}$์˜ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$) ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 7. ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „ํ™˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

Table 7. Simulation results by self-consumption condition

(๋‹จ์œ„: ์ฒœ์›, kWh)

ํšŸ์ˆ˜

REC

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ

$Q_{1}$ ๊ฐ’

$Q_{2}$ ๊ฐ’

$Q_{3}$ ๊ฐ’

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$)

0

0.215

0.012

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 220,184

5

0.127

0.019

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 394,684

6

0.114

0.021

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 419,846

7

0.103

0.023

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 442,492

8

0.093

0.026

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 444,693

9

0.083

0.028

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 439,595

10

0.075

0.031

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 433,987

15

0.044

0.050

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 396,326

๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 10%์”ฉ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ , CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 10%์”ฉ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$) ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์Œ์ˆ˜(-)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ•˜๋ฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ์ƒ์Šน์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ต์€ ์ ์  ๋” ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 0.093์ด๊ณ , CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ(59์ฒœ์›) ์ •๋„์ธ 0.026์ด ๋˜๋Š” 8ํšŒ์ฐจ์— ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” $Q_{2}$์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „ํ™˜ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์€ $Q_{2}$์™€ $Q_{3}$์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด $Q_{1}$์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋งŒ 10%์”ฉ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ $Q_{1}$, $Q_{2}$, $Q_{3}$์˜ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$) ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•ž์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์ ์ž ํญ์ด ์ค„์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 12๋ฐฐ(327์ฒœ์›)์ธ 0.143์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ์ž๋Š” ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 0.253(579์ฒœ์›)์ด ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋น„์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ˜„์žฌ CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ(28์ฒœ์›) ๋Œ€๋น„ ์•ฝ 21๋ฐฐ ๋†’์€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์œผ๋กœ CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ธ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 8. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „ํ™˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

Table 8. Simulation results for Profitability and Self-consumption conditions

(๋‹จ์œ„: ์ฒœ์›, kWh)

ํšŸ์ˆ˜

REC

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ

$Q_{1}$๊ฐ’

$Q_{2}$๊ฐ’

$Q_{3}$๊ฐ’

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$)

0

0.215

0.012

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 220,184

5

0.215

0.020

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 220,184

10

0.215

0.032

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 220,184

15

0.215

0.050

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 220,184

20

0.215

0.081

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 220,184

25

0.215

0.130

1,981,950

-

4,599,000

- 220,184

26

0.215

0.143

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 212,220

27

0.215

0.157

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 183,875

28

0.215

0.173

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 152,695

29

0.215

0.190

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 128,397

30

0.215

0.209

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

- 80,669

32

0.215

0.253

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

6,482

35

0.215

0.337

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

172,696

40

0.215

0.543

-

1,981,950

2,617,050

580,744

2.1.5 ์ „๋ ฅ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค

๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํ‘œ 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด โ‘  REC ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค, โ‘ก ESS ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ์™ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค, โ‘ข ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค, โ‘ฃ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ง€์› ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋“ฑ 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ REC ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ESS ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ์™ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ์—๋„ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋กœ ์ƒ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, REC ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ํŽธ์ต๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ESS ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ์™ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” โ€˜21๋…„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ESS์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ REC ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์™ธ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ’์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ๋‹ค(18). ์…‹์งธ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ์†Œ๋น„ ์™œ๊ณก์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ, ์œ ๋ฆฌ์˜จ์‹ค ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ์„ค ๋†๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์ด ์ธ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋Š” ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•œ์ „ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ง์— ํŒ๋งคํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๋†๊ฐ€์—๋„ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 9. ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค

Table 9. Analysis scenarioss

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค

์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ

๋น„ ๊ณ 

S.1

REC, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜

์ตœ๊ทผ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ ์šฉ

๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ถ”์„ธ

S.2

ESS ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ์™ธ

ESS ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ 5 ์ œ์™ธ

ํ˜„์žฌ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜

S.3

์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ ์šฉ

๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ

๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ „๋ง

S.4

์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ

์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„์‹œ REC ๋ถ€์—ฌ

๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ „๋ง

ํ‘œ 10์€ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ์— ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$)์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜(+)๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(REC, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ)๋ฅผ ์ผ์ • ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„($Q_{2}$)๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 10%์”ฉ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 10%์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$)์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜(+)๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  CO$_{2}$ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋งŒ 10%์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 10. ๋ถ„์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด

Table 10. Analysis criteria

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด

์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„($Q_{2}$) ์ „ํ™˜

์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์ „ํ™˜

๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด

โˆ™REC: ๊ณ ์ •

โˆ™๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ: ๊ณ ์ •

โˆ™REC: 10%์”ฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ

โˆ™๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ: 10%์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€

โˆ™REC: ๊ณ ์ •

โˆ™๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ: 10%์”ฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ใ€‰0

$Q_{2}$ ใ€‰0

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ใ€‰0

& $Q_{2}$ ใ€‰0

2.1.6 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ถ„์„

ํ‘œ 11์€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—‘์…€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํ•ด์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 11. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜

Table 11. Objective function by scenario

๊ตฌ ๋ถ„

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜($\Pi$)

์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(S.1)

0.284$\times$$Q_{1}$ + 0.11$\times$$Q_{2}$ - 0.047$\times$$Q_{3}$ - 566,905

์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(S.2)

0.112$\times$$Q_{1}$ + 0.11$\times$$Q_{2}$ - 0.047$\times$$Q_{3}$ - 566,905

์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(S.3)

0.112$\times$$Q_{1}$ + 0.11$\times$$Q_{2}$ - 0.107$\times$$Q_{3}$ - 266,168

์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค(S.4)

0.112$\times$$Q_{1}$ + 0.153$\times$$Q_{2}$ - 0.047$\times$$Q_{3}$ - 566,905

์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค S.1~S.4์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํ‘œ 12์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ, ESS์˜ REC ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ์ œ์™ธ ๋“ฑ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” REC ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ •๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ์ตœ์†Œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ • ๋ฐ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 3๊ณผ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 4์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ์—๋„ REC๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” REC์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 12. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 12. Simulation results by Scenario by scenario

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

์กฐ๊ฑด

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜

์ดˆ๊ธฐ์กฐ๊ฑด

์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด

์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์ „ํ™˜

์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์ „ํ™˜

๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜

($\Pi$)๊ฐ’

REC10% ์ธํ•˜,

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ 10% ์ธ์ƒ

REC๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ณ ์ •,

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ 10% ์ธ์ƒ

S.1

โˆ™๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ์š”๊ธˆ: 47์›

โˆ™REC๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ: 43์›ร—5

โˆ™๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ: 28์ฒœ์›

-220,184์ฒœ์›

(ํ•œ์ „ ํŒ๋งค)

-220,184~-396,326 ์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„:8ํšŒ์ฐจ)

-220,184~580,744 ์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„: 26ํšŒ์ฐจ)

S.2

โˆ™๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ์š”๊ธˆ: 47์›

โˆ™REC๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ: 43์›

โˆ™๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ: 28์ฒœ์›

-471,892์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„)

-471,892~-396,326 ์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์œ ์ง€)

-471,892~580,744 ์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์œ ์ง€)

S.3

โˆ™์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ์š”๊ธˆ: 107์›

โˆ™REC๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ: 43์›

โˆ™๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ: 28์ฒœ์›

-328,178์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„)

-328,178~-252,612 ์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์œ ์ง€)

-328,178~724,458 ์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์œ ์ง€)

S.4

โˆ™๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ์š”๊ธˆ: 47์›

โˆ™REC:43์›(์ž์ฒด*)

โˆ™๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ: 28์ฒœ์›

-386,668์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„)

-386,668~-378,779 ์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์œ ์ง€)

-386,668~665,968 ์ฒœ์›

(์ž๊ฐ€์†Œ๋น„ ์œ ์ง€)

์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 1~4์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์ธ 47์›/kWh์„ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ 107์›/kWh์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ ˆ๊ฐ(๊ธฐํšŒ๋น„์šฉ) ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ REC๋ฅผ 43์›/kWh๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์—๋Š” ํ•œ์ „๋ง์— ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ REC๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต ํ™•๋ณด์—๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋กœ, ์ƒ๊ธฐ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด. ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ ESS์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜(4.0~5.0) ์ ์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์‹œ์—๋„ REC์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(19).

3. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ 1์ฐจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ธ ์„์œ ์™€ LNG ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ 2์ฐจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ธ ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ kWh๋‹น 40์›๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ์„ค ๋†๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” 1์ฐจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ธ ์„์œ , LNG์™€ 2์ฐจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ๋“ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ์„ค๋†๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ 2์ฐจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ์— ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์„คํˆฌ์ž๋น„์™€ ์šด์˜๋น„ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ •๋ถ€๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ, ํŽธ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ธํ•  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋“ฑ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ๋“ฑ ์‹œ์„ค๋†๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— REC๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ, ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ESS์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ REC ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ๋“ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜• ์œ ๋ฆฌ์˜จ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ REC๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ESS์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ • ๊ทœ๋ชจ(300~500kW) ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋†์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์˜จ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ • ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋†์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋†์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ์™œ๊ณก ๋ฐ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์‹œ๊ทธ๋„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค.

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ด์ƒ์›(Sangwon Lee)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.1.001/au1.png

He received a B.S. degree of Electrical Engineering from the Inha University, Inchon, South Korea.

in 1992.

He received the MBA degree from the Helsinki School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland.

He is a Ph.D. candidate of the Graduate School of Technology Policy of the Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.

์กฐ์˜์ƒ(Youngsang Cho)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.1.001/au2.png

He is a Professor at the Department of Industrial Engineering of Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.

He received a Ph.D. degree at Techno-Economics and Policy Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2007.

His primary research interests are technology evaluation, market analysis of new product/service, consumer preference analysis, new product development, energy policy, and technology convergence.