• ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ „๊ธฐํ•™ํšŒ
Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
  • COPE
  • kcse
  • ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ด์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ
  • ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์ธ์šฉ์ƒ‰์ธ
  • Scopus
  • crossref
  • orcid

  1. (Digital Twin Laboratory, Dong-Eui University, Korea / Center for Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea)



GaN HEMT, Power Device, Hermetic Package, Finite Element Method, Thermal Resistance

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „์ž ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์ฒจ๋‹จํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๊ณ ์† ์Šค์œ„์นญ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ์†Œํ˜•ํ™” ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ Silicon ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ IGBT์™€ MOSFET์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์†Œ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, Silicon์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค[1~3]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋”์šฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Silicon Carbide (SiC)์™€ Gallium nitride (GaN)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Wide Bandgap(WBG) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์†Œ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[4].

Galium nitride (GaN)๋Š” ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ, ๊ณ ์˜จ ์ž‘๋™, ๋น ๋ฅธ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค[5]. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ GaN HEMT(High Electron Mobility Transitor) ์†Œ์ž๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ณต ์ „์••, ์ „์ž ์ด๋™๋„ ๋ฐ ์—ด ์ „๋„์„ฑ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ Si MOSFET์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค[6~7]. GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž๋Š” High Radiation Frequency & Microwave ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์œ„์„ฑ ํ†ต์‹ , 5G, ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์œ„์„ฑ ํ†ต์‹  ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ง„๋™, ์ง„๊ณต์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋†’์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ[8] ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง• ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

์†Œ์ž์˜ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง• ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์˜จ๋„, ์Šต๋„, ์••๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์„ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค[9]. Fig. 1์€ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง•์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Hermetic Package๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ, ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฐ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค[10]. ๊ฐ€์Šค, ์Šต๋„, ๋จผ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. Hermetic Package๋Š” Plastic Package์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚ด๊ตฌ๋„, ๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐ, ์—ด ์ „๋„์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ Plastic Package์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ, ์šฐ์ฃผ, ํ•ญ๊ณต ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ์ „์ž ์†Œ์ž ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ

Fig. 1. Basic electronic package functions

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig1.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์ง„๊ณต ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์ˆœ์„œ

Fig. 2. Flow chart of hermetic package process

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig2.png

Hermetic Package์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ณต์ •์€ ๊ธฐํŒ์— Die๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” Die Bonding, ์†Œ์ž์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” Wire Bonding, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง„๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” Sealing์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ๋‹ค[11]. Hermetic Package์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์ˆœ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„๋Š” Fig. 2๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ , ์—ด์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Package ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž‘๋™ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค[12]. ์ž‘๋™ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ์น˜๋ช…์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์—ด์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด Package์˜ Die Bonding์˜ Solder์™€ Wire Bonding์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[13~18]. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ด์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด Wire Bonding๊ณผ Die Bonding์˜ ๊ณต์ • ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Hermetic Package GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์—ด์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

2. Methodology

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ Hermetic Package์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ Die Bonding๊ณผ Wire Bonding ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„๋Š” Fig. 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์— ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ 3D CAD ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Chip์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋’ค, ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ Hermetic Package GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„

Fig. 3. Research Diagram

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig3.png

2.1 Measured Drain Current and Junction Peak Temperature

GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ Chip์˜ Equivalent Properties๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์ „์•• ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Tektronix 370A Curve Tracer๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 4 ์—๋Š” ์ธก์ • ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์Šค ์ธก๊ณผ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ์ธก์—๋Š” 0V๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „์••์€ 6V๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€์— Thermal tape๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํŒฌ์ด ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ํžˆํŠธ ์‹ฑํฌ์™€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Curve Tracer์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์—๋Š” Copper Tape์™€ ์•…์–ด ํด๋ฆฝ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์ธก์ • ์˜ˆ์‹œ์™€ ์ปจ๋””์…˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 5๊ณผ Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. Fig. 5์˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 35โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 5์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ I-V Curve๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์†Œ์Šค ์ „์••์— 0V๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ธก์— 6V๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 550 mA๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ์ปค๋ธŒ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด์„œ์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ; (a) ์ปค๋ธŒ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด์„œ (b) ์ปค๋ธŒ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด์„œ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด, (c),(d) ์‹œํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

Fig. 4. Curve tracer and bias test environment; (a) curve tracer, (b) result display of the curve tracer, (c),(d) test arrangement

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ I-V ์ปค๋ธŒ

Fig. 5. Measured junction temperature & I-V curve

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig5.png

ํ‘œ 1 ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์–ด์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 1 Test bias and results

Test bias

Drain Voltage

6 V

Source Voltage

0 V

Gate Voltage

0 V

Test Results

Drain Current

550 mA

Junction Temperature

35 โ„ƒ

2.2 Simulation Arrangement

Die Bonding ๋ฐ Wire Bonding์˜ ๊ณต์ • ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Hermetic Package GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์„  ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ 3D CAD Model์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 3D CAD Model์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ Cross-sectioning ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์™€ 3D Model ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„๊ต์™€ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ 3D CAD Model์€ Fig. 6์— ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” Table 2 ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ

Table 2 Material properties

Material

Thermal Conductivity

[W/mmยทยฐC]

Electrical Resistivity

[ohmยทmm]

CMC

0.22

3.4 ร— 10๏ผ5

Al2O3

0.025

1 ร— 1015

KOVAR

0.0173

0.00049

Sintered Ag

0.419

1.55 ร— 10๏ผ5

Au

0.301

2.2 ร— 10๏ผ5

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์™€ 3D CAD ๋ชจ๋ธ

Fig. 6. GaN HEMT and 3Dใ€€CAD model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig6.png

2.3 Calculated Equivalent Properties of Chip Using Simulation

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ • ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Hermetic Package GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œตํ•ฉ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์†Œ์žฌ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ ANSYS ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏน ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์šฉ(Academic Research CFD)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ-์—ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7์€ Mesh์™€ Boundary condition์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ๊ฒฉ์ž๋ง ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด

Fig. 7. Mesh and boundary conditions

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig7.png

์‹ค์ œ ์ธก์ •์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์™€ ์†Œ์Šค ์ธก์— 0V๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ์— ์‹ค์ธก๋œ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ 550 mA ์ •์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ง€์ •ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€์— 25โ„ƒ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์—ดํŒ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์†Œ์ž๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Electrical Resistivity ๋“ฑ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ Drain Current์™€ Junction Temperature๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Chip์˜ Equivalent Properties๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 8์—์„œ Chip์˜ Equivalent Properties ํš๋“ํ•œ ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋„์‹

Fig. 8. Simulation workflow diagram

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig8.png

2.4 Parameter of Die Bonding and Wire Bonding

๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Wire Bonding์˜ Wire์˜ Diameter๋ฅผ, Die Bonding์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ Fillet, Void๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Wire ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ Wire Bonding Diameter๋Š” Wire Loop์˜ ๋†’์ด, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆœ๋„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ Wire์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ธ์ž ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค[19]. Wire์˜ Diameter๋Š” 0.7, 1, 1.2, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3 mil๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Die Bonding์˜ Fillet์€ non-Fillet, 0.01, 0.02 mm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Void๋Š” non-void, 15%, 30%๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ Table 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

Void์™€ Fillet์€ Fig. 9์— ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. Die Bonding์˜ Fillet์€ Chip๊ณผ Die bonding์˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์›ํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. Void๋Š” Chip๊ณผ Die Bonding์˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ์‹œ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. Void๋Š” ์นฉ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋ฉฐ, IPC โ€“ A610F์—์„œ 40% ์ดํ•˜์˜ Void๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Package์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์—ด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” Die Bonding์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” Heat path์ด๋ฉฐ, Void๊ฐ€ 40 % ์ดํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์—ดํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[20]. ํ•ด์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ Fillet๊ณผ Void์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋Š” Fig. 10์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ์˜จ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ Solder Bonding๋ณด๋‹ค Sintered Ag๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋œ๋‹ค. Sintered Ag์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œต์ ๊ณผ ์—ด์ „๋„๋„๊ฐ€ Solder Bonding๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Sintered Ag์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณต์ • ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ „์ž๋™ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค. Sintered Ag์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ , ์ ‘์ฐฉ ์˜จ๋„, ์ ‘์ฐฉ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Stinering Void๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค[21]. ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ Sintered Void๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ Ag์˜ ์—ด ์ „๋„๋„ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ท ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Die Sintered Ag์˜ Fillet๊ณผ Void์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์—ดํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ Pareto chart๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. ๊ณต๊ทน ์˜ˆ์‹œ

Fig. 9. Void examples

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10. ํ•„๋ › ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ทน์˜ FEA ๋ชจ๋ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

Fig. 10. Fillet and void for FEA model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig10.png

ํ‘œ 3 ์™€์ด์–ด ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ด ๋ณธ๋”ฉ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Table 3 Parameter changes of wire and die bonding

Wire Bonding

Wire Diameter [mil]

0.7, 1, 1.2, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3

Die Bonding

Fillet

[mm]

0, 0.01, 0.02

Void

[%]

0, 15, 30

2.5 Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance

์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ์ž์˜ Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance(Rth-JC)๋Š” ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค. JESD 51-1์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด Rth-JC๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ Chip์ด ์‹ค์žฅ๋œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค[22]. ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์—ดํŒ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ฐฉ์—ด๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ, ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ์˜จ๋„(TJ)์™€ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์˜ ์˜จ๋„(TC), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค(P) ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ (1)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด Rth-JC๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

(1)
$R_{th-JC}=\dfrac{T_{J}-T_{C}}{P}$

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Simulation์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด Rth-JC์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Hermetic Package GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Rth-JC๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌดํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์—ดํŒ์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[23].

๋ณดํ†ต ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ Rth-JC๋ฅผ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์€ ์ „์••์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ๊ณผ ์†Œ์Šค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ธ Rds(on)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์—ด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์ธ Joule Heating์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด Chip์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

3. Results & Discussion

3.1 Changes in Thermal Resistance as Wire Bonding Parameters Change.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด Wire์˜ Diameter๋ฅผ 0.7, 1, 1.2, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3 mil๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹œ์ผœ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๋‹จ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” Fig. 11์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค, ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ์€ Table 4์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ธก์˜ Wire์™€ Chip์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Wire Diameter๋Š” 0.7 mil์—์„œ 3 mil๋กœ 328.57% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–‡์€ 0.7 mil์—์„œ 47.85โ„ƒ, 3 mil์—์„œ 26.68โ„ƒ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ 44.25%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Wire์˜ Diameter๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Power Dissipation์€ 0.7 mil์—์„œ 0.54 W, 3 mil์—์„œ 0.13 W๊นŒ์ง€ 75.93 %๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Rth-JC์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” Fig. 12์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Rth-JC ๋˜ํ•œ 0.7 mil์—์„œ 42.68โ„ƒ/W, 3 mil์—์„œ 13.41โ„ƒ/W๋กœ 68.58 % ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. Drain ์ธก์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” 0.7 mil์—์„œ 0.44 A/mm2, 3 mil์—์„œ 1.16 A/mm2๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

Wire์˜ Diameter๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„์™€ Rth-JC๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น GaN HEMT ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” Diameter๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ Wire ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ, ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4 ์™€์ด์–ด ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค, ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Table 4 Results of the changes of maximum junction temperature, power dissipation, thermal resistance due to changes of wire diameter

Wire Diameter [mil]

Maximum Junction Temperature [โ„ƒ]

Power Dissipation [W]

Thermal Resistance

(Rth-JC)

[โ„ƒ/W])

0.7

47.85

0.54

42.68

1

38.56

0.40

34.26

1.2

34.75

0.33

29.70

1.25

33.67

0.31

28.23

1.5

31.65

0.26

25.41

2

29.06

0.20

20.75

3

26.68

0.13

13.41

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11. ์™€์ด์–ด ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„

Fig. 11. Temperature distribution due to changes of wire diameter

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig11.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12. ์™€์ด์–ด ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 12. Junction-to-case thermal resistance due to wire diameter changes

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig12.png

3.2 Changes in Thermal Resistance as Die Bonding Parameters Change.

์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ Sintered Ag์˜ Fillet๊ณผ Void์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Current Density์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” Fig. 13์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. Void๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ Current Density๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fillet๊ณผ Void์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค, Rth-JC๋Š” Table. 5 ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. Void์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋น„์œจ์ด 30%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ Maximum Junction Temperature๋Š” 1.43%, Power Dissipation๋Š” 5.6%, , Rth-JC๊ฐ€ 5.44 % ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Fillet์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Maximum Junction Temperature๋Š” ๏ผ1.71 % ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Power Dissipation์ด 4.22% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Rth-JC ์€4% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ Fillet์ด ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก Maximum Junction Temperature๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ Fillet์— ์˜ํ•ด Sintered Ag์˜ ์ฒด์ ๊ณผ Chip๊ณผ์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. 30%์˜ Void์™€ 0.02 mm Fillet ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Maximum Junction Temperature๋Š” ๏ผ0.6%, Rth-JC๋Š” ๏ผ1.07% ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ดํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š” Void์™€ ์—ดํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” Fillet์ด ์ƒ์‡„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ Die Bonding ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•(Design of Experiments, DOE)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Pareto chart๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Pareto chart๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์„์€ Minitab 18์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13. ๋‹ค์ด ๋ณธ๋”ฉ ๊ณต๊ทน ๋ฐ ํ•„๋ › ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„

Fig. 13. Current density distribution of the Die Bonding

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig13.png

ํ‘œ 5 ํ•„๋ › ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ด๋“œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค, ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Table 5 Results of the changes of maximum junction temperature, power dissipation, thermal resistance due to fillet and void

Fillet

[mm]

Void [%]

Maximum Junction Temperature [โ„ƒ]

Power Dissipation

[W]

Thermal Resistance

(Rth-JC)

[โ„ƒ/W]

0

0

34.97

3.25

3.07

15

35.12

3.26

3.11

30

35.47

3.24

3.23

0.01

0

34.57

3.18

3.01

15

34.71

3.19

3.04

30

34.89

3.17

3.12

0.02

0

34.37

3.20

2.93

15

34.50

3.20

2.97

30

34.76

3.22

3.03

๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” Void์™€ Fillet์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ Fig. 14์€ Maximum Junction Temperature, Power Dissipation, Rth-JC์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Pareto chart๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ถ‰์€ ์ ์„ ์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ Pareto chart๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ Fillet์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” Void์™€ Fillet ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋‚˜ Power Dissipation์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Fillet๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Rth-JC๋Š” Die Bonding ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Void์™€ Fillet ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14. ํ•„๋ › ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ทน ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค, ์—ด์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ ˆํ†  ์ฐจํŠธ

Fig. 14. Pareto chart for maximum junction temperature, power dissipation, thermal resistance

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/fig14.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

GaN HEMT(High Electron Mobility Transistor)๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ณต ์ „์••, ์ „์ž ์ด๋™๋„ ๋ฐ ์—ด ์ „๋„์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์†Œ์ž ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์œ„์„ฑ ํ†ต์‹  ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ญ๊ณต ๋ฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ง„๊ณต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ง„๋™, ์—ด ๋“ฑ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ํฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์ค„ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง• ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Hermetic Package GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Wire Bonding๊ณผ ์™€ Die Bonding์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Wire Bonding์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ Wire Diameter๊ฐ€ 0.7 mil ์—์„œ 3 mil๋กœ 328.57 % ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 44.25% ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์€ 75.93 %, Rth-JC๋Š” 68.58 % ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Die Bonding์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” Sintered Void์™€ Fillet์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Void์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ Maximum Junction Temperature์™€ Power Dissipation, Rth-JC๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Void๊ฐ€ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ Pareto chart๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Fillet์€ Maximum Junction Temperature์™€ Power Dissipation, Rth-JC์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ Rth-JC๋Š” Void์™€ Fillet์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Wire Bonding๊ณผ Die Bonding์€ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŒŒ์†์ด ์ž˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Hermetic Package GaN HEMT ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ณต์ • ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€์˜ ์—ด์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ-BRIDGE์œตํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—… ์ง€์›(2021M3C1C3097675)๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€(MOTIE)์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์›(KETEP)์˜ ์ง€์›(No. RS-2023-00281219)์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

References

1 
B. J. Baliga, โ€œPower semiconductor device figure of merit for high-frequency applications,โ€ IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 455-457, 1989.DOI
2 
A. Lidow, โ€œIs it the end of the road for silicon in power conversion?,โ€ Proc. of IEEE, pp. 119-124, 2011.URL
3 
S. Dimitrijev, J. Han, D. Haasmann, H. Moghadam, and A. Aminbei-dokhti, โ€œPower-switching applications beyond silicon: The status and future prospects of SiC and GaN devices,โ€ Microelectronics Proc. - MIEL 2014 2014 29th Int. Conf. on, pp. 43-46, 2014.DOI
4 
B. Ozpineci, โ€œComparison of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for Power Electronics Applications,โ€ United States. Department of Energy, 2004.URL
5 
D. W. Runton, B. Trabert, J. B. Shealy, and R. Vetury, โ€œHistory of GaN: High-Power RF Gallium Nitride (GaN) from Infancy to Manufacturable Process and Beyond,โ€ IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 82-93, May 2013.DOI
6 
Hyun-Bin Kim, and Jong-Soo Kim, โ€œImplementation of High-efficiency 1.5kW LDC for xEV using GaN HEMT,โ€ The transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 276-282, 2020.DOI
7 
Hun-Gyu Chae, Dong-Hee Kim, Min-Jung Kim, and Byoung Kuk Lee, โ€œAn Analysis for Gate-source Voltage of GaN HEMT Focused on Mutual Switch Effect in Half-Bridge Structure,โ€ The transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 1664-1671, 2016.DOI
8 
A. Boudjemai, R. Hocine, and S. Guerionne, โ€œSpace environment effect on earth observation satellite instruments,โ€ 2015 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST), pp. 627-634, 2015.DOI
9 
Kwak, Hocheol, and Todd Hubing, "An overview of advanced electronic packaging technology," Clemson University Vehicular Electronics Lab, 2007.URL
10 
L. Mauri, G. Zafarana, E. Rizzi, and A. Corazza, โ€œEvolution of Getter Technology in Electronic Hermetic Packaging,โ€ 2023 24th European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference & Exhibition (EMPC), pp. 1-6, 2023.DOI
11 
V. S. Chippalkatti, R. C. Biradar, Y. Shivarudraswami, and N. Mathan, โ€œHigh density packaging techniques for miniaturization of satellite RF and microwave subsystems: Attachments, Interconnections and Hermetic sealing,โ€ IEEE 23rd Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC), pp. 357-362, 2021.DOI
12 
J. Park, M. Kang, H.-W. Jung, H.-K. Ahn, H. Kim and H. Lee, โ€œThermal-Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Manifold Microchannel Heat Sink for GaN HEMTs RF Devices,โ€ KSME Spring and Autumn Conference, 2023.URL
13 
J. Tang, L. Li, G. Zhang, J. Zhang, and P. Liu, โ€œFinite element modeling and analysis of ultrasonic bonding process of thick aluminum wires for power electronic packaging,โ€ Microelectronics Reliability, 2022.DOI
14 
T. Dagdelen, E. Abdel-Rahman, and M. Yavuz, โ€œReliability criteria for thick bonding wire,โ€ Materials, vol. 11, no. 4, 2018.DOI
15 
L. Chen, et al., โ€œThermal impact of randomly distributed solder voids on Rth-JC of MOSFETs,โ€ 2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference, pp. 237-244, 2008.DOI
16 
A. S. Fleischer, L. Chang, and B. C. Johnson, โ€œThe effect of die attach voiding on the thermal resistance of chip level packages,โ€ Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 46, no. 5-6, pp. 794-804, 2006.DOI
17 
M. A. Dudek, et al., โ€œThree-dimensional (3D) visualization of reflow porosity and modeling of deformation in Pb-free solder joints,โ€ Materials Characterization, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 433-439, 2010.DOI
18 
B. Zhou, and Q. Baojun, โ€œEffect of voids on the thermal fatigue reliability of PBGA solder joints through submodel technology,โ€ 2008 10th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference, pp. 704-708, 2008.DOI
19 
H. Lu, C. Bailey, and C. Yin, โ€œDesign for reliability of power electronics modules,โ€ Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 49, no. 9-11, 2009.DOI
20 
W. Liu, and N.-C. Lee, โ€œThe effects of additives to SnAgCu alloys on microstructure and drop impact reliability of solder joints,โ€ Jom, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 26-31, 2007.DOI
21 
P. Liang, H. Yan, W. Li, and D. Yang, โ€œVoid Eliminating Process of Sintered-Silver Die Attachment in Anaerobic-Sintering Atmospheres,โ€ 2020 21st International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT), pp. 1-4, 2020.DOI
22 
Electronic Industries Association, โ€œIntegrated Circuit Thermal Measurement Method โ€“ Electrical Test Method,โ€ EIA/JEDEC Standard, JESD51-1, 1995.URL
23 
D. Schweitzer, โ€œThe junction-to-case thermal resistance: A boundary condition dependent thermal metric,โ€ 2010 26th Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM), pp. 151-156, 2010.DOI

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ตœ๋‚˜์—ฐ (Naโ€‘Yeon Choi)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/au1.png

Naโ€‘Yeon Choi is a Ph.D. mechanical engineering student at Dong-Eui University, Busan in South Korea. She received a bachelorโ€™s degree in radiology science and a masterโ€™s degree in advanced materials engineering at the same university. She is interested in microelectronics reliability using finite element analysis.

์žฅ์„ฑ์šฑ (Sungโ€‘Uk Zhang)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1351/au2.png

Sungโ€‘Uk Zhang received a bachelorโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea; a masterโ€™s degree in biomedical engineering, and a Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. He is an associate professor at the Department of Automotive Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea. Before joining the university, he was with Samsung Electronics, Giheung-gu, Young-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. He has published extensively in journals and conference proceedings. He is a leader in the Digital twin laboratory, at Dong-Eui University. His current research interests include digital twin technology for microelectronics reliability, artificial intelligence for structural health monitoring, semiconductor process simulation, and, multiphysics and multiscale simulation using finite element analysis.