Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions P of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers

  1. (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Youngsan University, Korea)



Rehabilitation Robot, Medical Device, Robot Safety, Parallel Safety, Robot Design, Safety Design

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋กœ๋ด‡ ํŒ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ํž˜ ์ œ์–ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์™„์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ[1]-[3], ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ์‘์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[4].

์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[5],[6]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌํ™œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์•ˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํ•ด์„์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[7].

๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™๊ณผ ์šด๋™ํ•™์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜[8], ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„-๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์šด๋™ํ•™์  ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[9]. ๋™๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ƒ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜[10],[11], ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ด€์ ˆ์„ ๋™๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ณผ ์ผ์ฒดํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[12].

๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋น„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ๊ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์ด ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ [13]์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ“จ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ [14]๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ํŒ”์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ œํ•œ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์› ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์‹์•ฝ์ฒ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์Šน์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๋™์ž‘๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[15]-[17].

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ์ƒํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ํŒŒ์† ํšŒํ”ผ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜์ž ์ƒํƒœ, ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ด์ƒ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋“ฑ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ „๋ฅ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ 2-์ž์œ ๋„ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ „์›๋ถ€์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „๊ทœ๊ฒฉ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ „์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋™์ž‘, Bio ์‹œ๊ทธ๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2. ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ž‘

2.1 ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์š”

์ž‘์—… ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์—ญํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•ด์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งํฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค[18].

ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘์—… ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์—์„œ ์žฌํ™œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋™์‹œ์— ๋†’์€ ๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์žฌํ™œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณผ์ •

Fig. 1. Design procedure for rehabilitation robot considered both task and safety

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig1.png

2.2 2-Axis Robot Manipulator

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ณธ์ฒด์™€ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜, ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋กœ๋ด‡์€ 2์ถ•์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ‰๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ณธ์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์žฅ์น˜์— ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 2. System configuration of upper-limb rehabilitation robot

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig2.png

์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ 2-์ž์œ ๋„ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ง€๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ•œ X-Y ํ‰๋ฉด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์•”์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์•”์€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจํ„ฐ 2๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 2-์ž์œ ๋„์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์ถ• ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ž์œ  ํšŒ์ „์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์•”๊ณผ ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ 4์ ˆ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 4์ ˆ ๋งํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด LM(Linear Motion) ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํšŒ์ „์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์•”์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ 2-์ž์œ ๋„ ๋ธํƒ€๋กœ๋ด‡

Fig. 3. Designed 2-axis delta robot

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig3.png

๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์˜ ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ถ€์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด LM ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ผ์„ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์— ์ฒด๊ฒฐ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํ† ํผ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋™์ž‘๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ X์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ 600mm, Y์ถ• ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ 375mm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฐ€๊ณต ์—†์ด ์Šคํ† ํผ์˜ ์žฅ์ฐฉ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋™์ž‘ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ณธ์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 4. Configuration of the robot body

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig4.png

2.3 ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™ ์„ค๊ณ„

2์ถ• ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์€ ๋‹ค๊ด€์ ˆ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์žก๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„ D-H ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์„ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ [19]์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. ๋ธํƒ€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ

Fig. 5. Delta(parallel) robot structure for kinematic analysis

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig5.png

2์ถ• ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $\theta_{1}$๊ณผ $\theta_{4}$๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ฐ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ $\theta_{2}$, $\theta_{3}$, $\theta_{5}$, $\theta_{6}$์˜ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” $\theta_{1}$๊ณผ $\theta_{4}$์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์  ํ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  $L_{1}$~$L_{6}$๋Š” ๊ด€์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. 2์ถ• ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ฐ๋„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ X-Y ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹์„ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ๋Š” ์‹ (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(1)

$ P_{x}=-\dfrac{1}{2}L_{5}-L_{1}\cos\theta_{1}+L_{2}\cos\theta_{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}L_{6}\\ P_{y}=-L_{1}\sin\theta_{1}-L_{2}\sin\theta_{2} $

or

$ P_{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}L_{5}+L_{4}\cos\theta_{4}-L_{3}\cos\theta_{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}L_{6}\\ P_{y}=-L_{4}\sin\theta_{4}-L_{3}\sin\theta_{3} $

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $P_{x}$์™€ $P_{y}$๋Š” ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ X-Y ํ‰๋ฉด์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ํ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋™ ๊ด€์ ˆ์€ $\theta_{1}$๊ณผ $\theta_{4}$์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ญ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์€ $\theta_{1}$๊ณผ $\theta_{4}$์˜ ๊ด€์ ˆ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ [19]์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

2.4 ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ œ์ž‘

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋™๋ ฅ์€ AC ์„œ๋ณด ๋ชจํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์†๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ด€์ ˆ์€ 400W ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ† ํฌ๋Š” 3.82Nยทm, ์ˆœ์‹œ ํ† ํฌ๋Š” 1.27Nยทm, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํšŒ์ „์†๋„๋Š” 3000rpm์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 40Nยทm ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ 10:1์˜ ๊ฐ์†๋น„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ์—”์ฝ”๋”์˜ ๊ด€์ ˆ ํšŒ์ „๊ฐ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๋ฆฌ์กธ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์—”์ฝ”๋”์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡

Fig. 6. Upper-limb rehabilitation robot

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig6.png

3. ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

3.1 ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์š”์†Œ

๋ชจํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ํ™˜์ž๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์พŒ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํ•ด๋กœ๋„ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ™” ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 1์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 ์•ˆ์ „ ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ

Table 1 Safety anomaly summary

Anomalous Safety Factors

Detail Descriptions

Results

Bio signal

Exceeding heart rate (220-age)

Cutting the power

&

Locking the brake on motor

Force on gripper

Exceeding

the reference force

Speed of gripper

Exceeding

the limited speed

Working range

Exceeding

the set range of motion

Motor angle

Mismatching between encoder-resolver angle

Enable switch

Patient/therapist button ON/OFF

SMPS

overcurrent

Fuse opened

Servo driver

overcurrent/ overload

Fuse opened /

Operating the protection system

3.2 ์ „์›๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„

์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์›๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 220V์˜ ์ „์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „์›๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์›๋ถ€๋Š” ์ „์›์„ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ•ฉ์„  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์› ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 1:1 ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์›์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์›์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ „์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ ‘์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ง€๋Š” ์ „์›์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ ‘์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ƒํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ์ „๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„

Fig. 7. Electrical circuit schematic

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig7.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. ์ „์›๋ถ€ ํŒ๋„ฌ

Fig. 8. Power control panel

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ“จ์ฆˆ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ค‘ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋ชจ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 2๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 7.5A ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋กœ 220V 20A์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์ด ์†Œ๋ชจ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณด๋ฉด 10A๋‚˜ 15A์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ž‘๋™์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 20A๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” 20A ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฉ”์ธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ •์˜

Table 2 Power consumption of electrical parts

Part name

Input

Vol./Amp.

Output Vol./Amp.(W)

Qty.

Servo Drive

200~230V/ 2.8A

0~230V/ 3.0A(400W)

2

DC SMPS

100~240V/ 1.2~0.5A

24V/2.0A

(48W)

2

100~240V/ 0.6~0.2A

5V/5.0A

(25W)

1

100~240V/ 0.7A

ยฑ15V/1.0A

(15W)

1

Total Current

7.5A

-

-

ํ“จ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ“จ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ“จ์ฆˆ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์› ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ „์›์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ“จ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2๋Œ€์˜ ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10A์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. DC SMPS๋Š” 2๋Œ€๋‹น ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ“จ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 24V 2.0A ์ถœ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ 2๋Œ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5V 5.0A ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ยฑ15V 1.0A ์ถœ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ 2๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5A ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ“จ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋–จ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ผ์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ๋ณด ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์—์„œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๋กœ 1๊ฐœ์”ฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  DC SMPS๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์›์— ๋ฌถ์–ด์„œ 1๊ฐœ, ์ด 3๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 10A์ด๋‹ค.

3.3 ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„

๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ํž˜ ์„ผ์„œ ์ •๋ณด, ๋น„์ „ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, Enable ์Šค์œ„์น˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „ ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๋‹ค์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋™๋˜์–ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ด์ƒ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด์ƒ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฐ์ง€๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋กœ์ง์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ „์›์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ œ์–ด ์ƒ์œ„์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข… ๋™์ž‘์€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์€ ๋ฆด๋ ˆ์ด ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋ณด ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์˜ ์ž ๊ธˆ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์ž‘์‹œ์ผœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 9. Configuration of parallel safety control system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ด‰๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ถ€(User Interface)์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ํšŒ๋กœ(Electric Circuit), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์œ„์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ(Upper Controller)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํผ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ํž˜์„ผ์„œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •๋œ ํž˜์„ ์ƒ์œ„ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด๋™๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜๋ฉด ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์„ผ์„œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์šด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ์šด๋™ ์†๋„์˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํผ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ „ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์„œ๋ณด ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ขŒํ‘œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ƒ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Enable ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Enable ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ƒ์œ„ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋น„์ƒ์ •์ง€ ์Šค์œ„์น˜(Emergency switch)์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์ƒ, ์‘๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Enable ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์†์— ์ฅ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ๋“  ์Šค์œ„์น˜์˜ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2๊ฐœ์˜ Enable ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์—์„œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ๋™ ์ค‘์— ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์–ด๋„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๋„ ๊ตฌ์†์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ์— ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž ๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ์ œ๋™์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€์šฉ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ถ•์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€์šฉ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

4.1 ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜

๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ ‘์ง€์ ‘์†์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค, ์ ‘์ง€๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜, ํ™˜์ž๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ „์•• ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10. ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ

Fig. 10. Insulation system diagram

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig10.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11. ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜

Fig. 11. Electrical safety test

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig11.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์€ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ ‘์ง€์ ‘์†์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹จ ์™ธ์žฅ ์ ‘์ง€๋ถ€, ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‹จ์˜ ์™ธ์žฅ ์ ‘์ง€๋ถ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ ‘์ง€๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 25A์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ 60์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ง€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ‘์†๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ธก์ • ๋ถ€์œ„๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ ‘์ง€์ ‘์†๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์˜ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ๊ฐ’์€ 200mฮฉ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ 3์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด ์ ‘์ง€์ ‘์†์ด ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3 ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 3 Impedance measurement results

Measuring point on parts

Test Current (A)

/Duration(s)

Voltage drop(V)

Maximum impedance(mฮฉ)

calculated

allowable

External earth (upper point)

25A/60s

4.025

161

200

External earth (lower point)

3.675

147

Internal earth

2.825

113

ํ‘œ 4๋Š” ์ ‘์ง€๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ง€๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ „์›๋ถ€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ‘์ง€์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์˜๋„๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์™ธ์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ์กฐ์ž‘์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์˜๋„๋œ ๋ถ€์œ„๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ ‘์ด‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋˜์–ด ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 10uA๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ง€๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 3,482uA์™€ 3,471uA์˜ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„์„ค ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ „๊ธฐ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†Œ์ผ“์˜ ์ „์›์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ดˆ์— ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ ‘์ง€๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ ‘์ง€๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜์–ด ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์›๋ถ€์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. IEC 60601-1 ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์› ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ ‘์ง€๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 80uA๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 72uA๋กœ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ค„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์›๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์žฅ์น˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด๋„ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋†’์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ™˜์ž์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์ธก์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ ‘์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋‚ด์ „์•• ์‹œํ—˜์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ B, C, J ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‹จํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์ „์•• ์‹œํ—˜์€ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๊ณ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. B, C, J ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ „์••์€ AC 1,500Vrms์ด๊ณ , ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜ ์ „์•• AC 3,000Vrms๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4 ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ ‘์ด‰์ „๋ฅ˜, ํ™˜์ž๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 4 Current measurement results

Type

Supplied voltage (V)

/Freq. (hz)

Current(uA)

Isolation transformer

allowable

measured

Earth leakage current

220V

/60hz

5,000

3,482

Non

80

Equipped

Touch current

100

3,471

Non

72

Equipped

Patient leakage current

10

0

Non

0

Equipped

4.2 ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜

๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ œ์–ด ํ๋ฆ„๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์€ ํ‘œ 1์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ Enable ์Šค์œ„์น˜, Bio ์‹œ๊ทธ๋„, ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋™์ž‘, ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์ค‘๋‹จ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ถ”์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ขŒํ‘œ (X, Y)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ (-70, 0)์—์„œ (50, 0)์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ 30ํšŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ดํƒˆ์‹œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ๋™์ž‘ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฆฌ์กธ๋ฒ„์™€ ๋น„์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฒ”์œ„ 10mm๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๊ตฌ๋™์‹œ์ผœ ์ด์ƒ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜ ์ด๋™์ขŒํ‘œ๋Š” 3๊ฐœ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ์ ์„ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ 30ํšŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Bio ์‹œ๊ทธ๋„ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 100 bpm์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์— ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™ ํ›„ ์„ค์ •๋œ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ์–ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ 10ํšŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Enable ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1๊ฐœ์”ฉ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋™์ž‘์‹œ์ผœ ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๋™์ž‘ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ํ“จ์ฆˆ ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ „์› ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์˜ ๋น„์ƒ ์ •์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12. ์ฃผ์š” ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ •

Fig. 12. Main experimental setup and process

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig12.png

ํ‘œ 5๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์  ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” 1.4mm ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์  ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์—”์ฝ”๋”์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์  ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 2mm์ด๋‚ด์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•ˆ์ „์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ง๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ถ”์  ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ตฌ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฒ”์œ„ 10mm๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ„์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Bio ์‹œ๊ทธ๋„ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ 100bpm์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ •์ง€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ •์ƒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. Enable ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„œ๋ณด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ๋™์ž‘์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ด ์ •์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ๋ชจํ„ฐ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5 ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 5 Parallel safety control experiment scenarios and results

Target

Experimental scenario

Control results

Tracking error

Based on the robot coordinates (X, Y), set from (-70, 0) to (50, 0) and move 30 times repeatedly

less than 1.4mm (Error)

Robot motion

When the robot is out of the set range of motion (Error range 10mm)

Controlled

Bio signal

Abnormal heart rate of patient (100bpm or more)

Controlled

Enable switch

Patient and therapist press the Enable switch.

Controlled

Overload

Overload of electrical equipment

Controlled

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13. ๋น„์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ถ”์  ์˜ค์ฐจ

Fig. 13. Tracking error of vision system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEEP.2022.71.3.175/fig13.png

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ตฌ๋™์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „๊ธฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋จ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์š”์†Œ์ธ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ƒ์ง€ ์žฌํ™œ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋†’์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No. NRF-2020R1G1A1005721).

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๋ฐฑ์Šนํ™˜(Seunghwan Baek)
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He received B.S. and M.S. degrees from Inje University, Korea, in 2006 and 2009, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Inje University in 2014. He founded a company 'maxton' which deals with automation system and customized robot system in 2015 and ran it until 2019. He is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Youngsan University, Korea from 2019 to now. His research areas are system integration and control methods for robot, automotive, and factory automation.

๋ฐ•์„ฑ์›(Sung-Won Park)
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He received B.S. and M.S. degrees from Gachon University, Korea, in 2011 and 2013, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Gachon University in 2018. From 2018 to 2020, he was a research professor at Gachon University. He was a visiting scholar at the Centre for Sustainable Power Distribution, University of Bath (UK) in, 2018 and 2019. He is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Youngsan University, Korea. His main research interests include virtual power plant, distribution system operators, digital-twin, and vehicle-to-grid.