Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

  1. ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋Œ€ํ•™์›๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ( M.S Student, Department of Plant System and Machinery, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea )
  2. ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋Œ€ํ•™์›๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜ ( Professor, Department of Plant System and Machinery, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea )
  3. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ( Principal Researcher, Department of Thermal System, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea )
  4. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ( Senior Researcher, Department of Thermal System, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea )



Hydrofluoroolefins(HFO), Refrigerant(๋ƒ‰๋งค), Lubricant(์œคํ™œ์œ ), Polymer(๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž), Material compatibility (์žฌ์งˆ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ), GWP(์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ์ง€์ˆ˜)

๊ธฐํ˜ธ์„ค๋ช…

$RC1$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ์ „๊ณผ ์—ดํ™” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ›„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰ [%]
$RC2$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ์ „๊ณผ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋œ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰ [%]
$\overline{x_{0}}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ์ „ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ๋†’์ด, IRHD์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’
$\overline{x_{1}}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ›„์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ๋†’์ด, IRHD์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’
$\overline{x_{2}}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ๋†’์ด, IRHD์˜ ์‚ฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’
$y$๏ผš ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ๋†’์ด, IRHD์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๋ˆˆ๊ธˆ
$s$๏ผš ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ
$n$๏ผš ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ธก์ • ํšŸ์ˆ˜
$C_{m}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ์ „์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๊ณ„์ˆ˜
$C_{m}^{'}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๊ณ„์ˆ˜
$U_{read}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ์ „์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ธˆ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„
$U_{rep}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ์ „์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„
$U_{read}^{'}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ธˆ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„
$U_{rep}^{'}$๏ผš ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๊ณต์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๊ณต์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Hydro Fluoro Carbon(HFC) ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” Ozone Depletion Potential(ODP)๋Š” 0์ด๋‚˜ Global Warming Potential(GWP)์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ HFC ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ƒ‰๋งค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ƒ‰๋งค์ธ Hydro Fluoro Olefin(HFO) ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

HFO ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R1233zd(E)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋Š” ์ž‘๋™์••๋ ฅ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค R1233zd(E)๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด R123์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ƒ‰๋งค๋กœ์„œ GWP๋Š” 7 ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์ด๋ฉฐ, Normal Boiling Point(NBP)๋Š” 18โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ €์••๋ƒ‰๋งค์ด๋‹ค. R1233zd(E)์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์›์‹ฌ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋ณด๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ ํ˜น์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋žญํ‚จ ์‚ฌ์ดํด(ORC)์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. R1233zd(E) ๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ์—ด์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ(์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ, ์••๋ ฅ๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๋“ฑ) ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, R1233zd(E)์˜ ์˜ค์ผ ์ƒ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ดโ€ค์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Eyerer et al.(1,2)์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋žญํ‚จ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค(R245fa, R1233zd(E), R1234yf)์™€ 3์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š”, R1233zd(E)๋ƒ‰๋งค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ R245fa๋ƒ‰๋งค์— ๋น„ํ•ด EPDM ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์™€์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Majurin et al.(3)๋Š” ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค(R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R32) ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋งค/์˜ค์ผ(POE/PVE) ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ 9์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, HFO ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, R1233zd(E)/์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์™€์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” HFO ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ R1233zd(E) ๋ƒ‰๋งค๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ผ๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ 5์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ R1233zd(E)์™€ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ polyester(POE), polyvinyl ether(PVE) 2์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์„ ์ • ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” O-ring์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค ์ค‘, ์‹œ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 5์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž Nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR), Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber(HNBR), Chloroprene rubber(CR), Fluorocarbon(FKM) and Ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM)๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ASHRAE Standard 97-2007(4)์˜ Sealed glass tube method๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€ ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 1์— sealed glass ์ œ์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ฒฝ 16 mm, ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ 11 mm, ๊ธธ์ด 240 mm์ธ ๋ฐ‘์ด ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ํŒŒ์ด๋ ‰์Šค(pyrex) ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋„ 70๊ธ‰์˜ NBR, HNBR, CR, FKM, EPDM ์œผ๋กœ ์ด 5์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋†’์ด 5 mm, ๊ฐ€๋กœ 8mm, ์„ธ๋กœ 10mm๋กœ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ ์ „์— ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋†’์ด, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, International Rubber Hardness Degree(IRHD)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ • ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1 Operating procedure of sealed glass tube.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2019.31.11.497/fig1.png

Fig. 2 Aging block (a) and Tube opening apparatus (b).
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2019.31.11.497/fig2.png

Table 1 Specification of experimental and measuring equipments

Specification

Manufacturer

Note

Environmental chamber

Temperature : 0~150โ„ƒ,

RH : 20~95 %

SK science

Volume : ~100 L

Mass measurement apparatus

Max. 320 g

d = 0.0001 g

Mettler Toledo

height gauge

Range : 12.7~0.001 mm

Mitutoyo

MICRO-IRHD

(International Rubber Hardness Degree) System

Max. 100 MICRO-IRHD

Hildebrand

Recommended specimen thickness : 1~5 mm

ASHRAE Standard 97-2007(4)์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ƒ‰๋งค ๋ฐ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ Volume์ด 1:1์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1 ml์”ฉ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•กํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค/์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋™๊ฒฐ ํ›„ ์ง„๊ณต์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋Š” 0.01 bar ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„, ์‚ฐ์†Œ/ํ”„๋กœํŒ ํ† ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰ํ•˜์—ฌ sealed glass๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ€๋ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ€๋ด‰์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ฅผ 70โ„ƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ์— 15์ผ๊ฐ„ ์—ดํ™” ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ASHRAE Standard 97-2007(4)์—์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž„์˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋งค/์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ stability๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 175~200โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 80โ„ƒ ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.(1-3)

๋ฐ€๋ด‰์˜ ๋งˆ๊ฐ ์™„์„ฑ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ดํ™” ์ค‘ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ํŒŒ์†๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์†์‹ค์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์—ดํ™” ์ „ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ดํ™” ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์••๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€ ํŒŒ์†์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 2(a)์˜ aging block์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ›„, ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ Fig. 2(b)์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๊ด€์„ ํŒŒ์‡„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ƒ‰๋งค/์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ถ”์ถœ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ๋†’์ด, IRHD๋ฅผ ์žฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„, ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์„ ์˜จ๋„ 50โ„ƒ์˜ ํ•ญ์˜จํ•ญ์Šต์กฐ(Environmental chamber)์— 5์ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ๋†’์ด, IRHD๋ฅผ ์žฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 1์€ ๋ณธ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์—ดํ™” ์ „โ€คํ›„ ์œก์•ˆ ๋น„๊ต

์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ฃŒ(์กฐ๊ฑด ๋‹น 2~3๊ฐœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์—ดํ™”)๋œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ค‘ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 14์ข…์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ ์—ดํ™” ์ „โ‹…ํ›„์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฐ CR-POE๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. Fig. 3์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ดํ™” ์ „โ‹…ํ›„์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค-์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œก์•ˆ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋‹น ํ‘/๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ€๋ด‰์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ •๋„ ๋‘” ํ›„์— ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, CR ๊ณ„์—ด์€ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋„ ๋ณ€์ƒ‰์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” CR ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋‚ด์— ํŠน์ • ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

Fig. 3 Photographs of sealed glass tube samples before aging and after aging.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2019.31.11.497/fig3.png

CR-PVE์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๋ณ€์ƒ‰์ด ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œก์•ˆ ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์—์„œ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. EPDM, NBR, FKM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, HNBR์ด ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์˜ ์œก์•ˆ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ดํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”

๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, O-ring ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด Seal๋กœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ๋†’์ด, ๊ฒฝ๋„๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Shore ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋ฐ IRHD๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” IRHD ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ˆ  ํ‰๊ท ์น˜($\overline{x}$)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์€ 1ํšŒ, ๋†’์ด๋Š” 2ํšŒ, IRHD๋Š” 4ํšŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์—ดํ™” ์ „ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”(์‹(1))๋Š” RC1์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ดํ›„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œํŽธ์„ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ•œ ํ›„์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์—ดํ™” ์ „ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”(์‹(2))๋Š” RC2๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ฒจ์ž 0๋Š” ์—ดํ™” ์ „์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 1์€ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’, 2๋Š” ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ๋†’์ด, IRHD์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹(3)๊ณผ ์‹(4)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Um์€ ์—ดํ™”์ „์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , $U_{m}^{'}$์€ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์™€ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. $U_{c}$๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„ ๋ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ถˆํ™•๋„๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์ˆ˜์ค€ 95%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(1)
$R C_{1}=\frac{\triangle \overline{x_{1}}}{\overline{x_{0}}} \times 100[\%]=\frac{\overline{x_{1}}-\overline{x_{0}}}{\overline{x_{0}}} \times 100[\%]$

(2)
$R C_{2}=\frac{\triangle \overline{x_{2}}}{\overline{x_{0}}} \times 100[\%]=\frac{\overline{x_{2}}-\overline{x_{0}}}{\overline{x_{0}}} \times 100[\%]$

(3)
$U_{m}=2\sqrt{U_{read}^{2}+U_{rep}^{2}}=2\sqrt{(\dfrac{y/2}{\sqrt{3}})^{2}+(\dfrac{s}{\sqrt{n}})^{2}},\:U_{m}^{'}=2\sqrt{U_{read}^{'^{2}}+U_{rep}^{'^{2}}}=2\sqrt{(\dfrac{y/2}{\sqrt{3}})^{2}+(\dfrac{s}{\sqrt{n}})^{2}}$

(4)
$U_{c}=\pm 2\sqrt{(C_{m}U_{m})^{2}+(C_{m}^{'}U_{m}^{'})^{2}}$

3.2.1 ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Table 2๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ๋ƒ‰๋งค-์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์—ดํ™” ์ „โ€คํ›„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ํ‘œ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋ฌด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ๋†’์ด๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(1-3)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์— ์นจํˆฌ๋œ ๋ƒ‰๋งค-์˜ค์ผ์ด ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋œ๋‹ค.

5์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ CR โ‰ƒ FKM > NBR โ‰ƒ HNBR > EPDM์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ์€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ CR > FKM โ‰ƒ HNBR > NBR > EPDM์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, EPDM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด 2% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์•˜๋‹ค. IRHD ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด CR์€ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์— IRHD๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, EPDM์€ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ IRHD ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด ์•ฝ 3% ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

Eyerer et al.(1,2)์€ EPDM, FKM, CR. NBR์„ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค R1233zd(E)์™€ ์—ดํ™”ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ์ฒด์ , ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ FKM > NBR > EPDM โ‰ƒ CR์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ ์—ญ์‹œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ FKM > NBR > CR โ‰ƒ EPMD์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. R1233zd(E)๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ™์€ HFO ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค(R1234yf, R1234ze(E)) ๋ฐ ์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Majurin et al.(3)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” FKM > HNBR > CR โ‰ƒ NBR โ‰ƒ EPDM์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„  ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ CR์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 2 Relative change in weight, height, and IRHD right after aging

Sample

(Polymer-Oil)

Weight change

(%)

Weight change

uncertainty(%)

Height change

(%)

Height change

uncertainty(%)

IRHD change

(%)

IRHD change

uncertainty(%)

1. CR-PVE

2. EPDM-POE

3. EPDM-PVE

4. EPDM-PVE

5. EPDM-PVE

6. HNBR-POE

7. HNBR-POE

8. HNBR-POE

9. HNBR-PVE

10. HNBR-PVE

11. NBR-POE

12. NBR-PVE

13. FKM-POE

14. FKM-PVE

18.11

1.72

1.62

0.69

1.13

14.46

14.15

14.03

7.52

8.63

13.19

10.70

21.43

13.63

ยฑ0.038

ยฑ0.030

ยฑ0.030

ยฑ0.035

ยฑ0.034

ยฑ0.030

ยฑ0.029

ยฑ0.028

ยฑ0.036

ยฑ0.022

ยฑ0.023

ยฑ0.036

ยฑ0.033

ยฑ0.032

2.09

1.07

0.32

-0.65

0.18

3.19

3.30

3.19

1.49

1.57

4.22

2.82

10.77

5.66

ยฑ0.859

ยฑ0.876

ยฑ0.207

ยฑ1.180

ยฑ0.362

ยฑ1.956

ยฑ1.290

ยฑ0.432

ยฑ0.649

ยฑ0.325

ยฑ0.783

ยฑ0.303

ยฑ0.184

ยฑ0.407

-27.45

2.14

1.64

3.22

1.77

-16.67

-15.51

-15.75

-8.78

-9.00

-7.67

-5.61

-17.08

-11.96

ยฑ1.535

ยฑ6.913

ยฑ1.455

ยฑ2.961

ยฑ5.972

ยฑ0.673

ยฑ1.247

ยฑ0.901

ยฑ0.574

ยฑ1.529

ยฑ2.329

ยฑ1.569

ยฑ1.510

ยฑ0.931

๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋ณ„ ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” Eyerer et al.(2)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช… ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ์žฌ์งˆ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. FKM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๊ธฐ ์Œ์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ ฌ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถˆ์†Œ ์›์ž(F)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ CR ๋‹จ์œ„์ฒด์˜ ์—ผ์†Œ ์›์ž(Cl)์€ ์ •๋ ฌ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถˆ์†Œ ์›์ž(F)์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ผ์†Œ(Cl)์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์Œ์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์Œ๊ทน์ž ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, NBR์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” Acrylonitrile ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ „ํ•˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ FKM๊ณผ CR ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.(2)

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์žฌ์งˆ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์กฐ ์ž‘์—… ํ›„์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2.2 ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Table 3์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ 5์ผ ๋™์•ˆ 50โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ํ›„ ์—ดํ™” ์ „๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ Fig. 4~ Fig. 6์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์— ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ดํ™” ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์™€ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 3 Relative change in weight, height, and IRHD after subsequent drying

Sample

(Polymer-Oil)

Weight change

(%)

Weight change

uncertainty(%)

Height change

(%)

Height change

uncertainty(%)

IRHD change

(%)

IRHD change

uncertainty(%)

1. CR-PVE

2. EPDM-POE

3. EPDM-PVE

4. EPDM-PVE

5. EPDM-PVE

6. HNBR-POE

7. HNBR-POE

8. HNBR-POE

9. HNBR-PVE

10. HNBR-PVE

11. NBR-POE

12. NBR-PVE

13. FKM-POE

14. FKM-PVE

4.04

-7.21

-7.28

-8.04

-7.15

-3.27

-3.08

-2.99

-4.85

-4.68

0.08

-2.29

8.03

3.92

ยฑ0.035

ยฑ0.029

ยฑ0.029

ยฑ0.034

ยฑ0.032

ยฑ0.028

ยฑ0.027

ยฑ0.026

ยฑ0.034

ยฑ0.020

ยฑ0.022

ยฑ0.033

ยฑ0.030

ยฑ0.029

-1.93

-2.2

-3.06

-3.32

-3.04

-0.96

-0.72

-0.71

-1.4

-1.32

0.65

-0.85

5.22

2.05

ยฑ0.244

ยฑ0.475

ยฑ2.245

ยฑ3.586

ยฑ0.576

ยฑ1.897

ยฑ1.408

ยฑ0.227

ยฑ0.662

ยฑ0.429

ยฑ0.145

ยฑ0.258

ยฑ0.334

ยฑ0.649

-17.41

7.29

7.8

8.63

7.13

2.68

2.77

2.56

5.89

5.22

0.17

3.05

-12.32

-7.63

ยฑ1.855

ยฑ4.727

ยฑ1.400

ยฑ1.967

ยฑ6.283

ยฑ1.158

ยฑ1.917

ยฑ0.932

ยฑ0.748

ยฑ1.763

ยฑ1.517

ยฑ1.252

ยฑ1.296

ยฑ1.002

Fig. 4 Relative change in weight after subsequent drying
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2019.31.11.497/fig4.png

Fig. 5 Relative change in height after subsequent drying.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2019.31.11.497/fig5.png

Fig. 6 Relative change in IRHD after subsequent drying.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2019.31.11.497/fig6.png

5์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” FKM ๋ฐ CR์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ EPDM, HNBR, NBR์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋†’์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Eyerer et al.(1,2)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ FK๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„ FKM์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—ดํ™” ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  EPDM, NBR, CR์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„ IRHD์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์€ EPDM, HNBR, NBR์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, FKM ๋ฐ CR์€ IRHD๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋œ๋‹ค. EPDM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์— IRHD ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด 5% ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ HNBR, NBR ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Eyerer et al.(1,2)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ FKM์€ ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, IRHD๋Š” EPDM, CR, NBR์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

HNBR๊ณผ NBR์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„์— NBR์˜ IRHD ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด ์•ฝ 3% ์ •๋„๋กœ HNBR์˜ IRHD ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก , NBR์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ HNBR์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ • ์ง€์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธด ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ, ๋†’์ด, ๊ฒฝ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. Majurin et al.(3)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด HFO ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋งค(R1234yf, R1234ze(E)) ๋ฐ ์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์˜€์„ ์‹œ์— NBR์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , HNBR, EPDM์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ , FKM, CR์ด ๋†’์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 7์€ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ IRHD ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, Fig. 8์€ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ๋†’์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์—์„œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. CR์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ IRHD๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, FKM, EPDM ์—ญ์‹œ R1233zd(E) ๋ฐ ์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์ค‘ NBR, HNBR ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7 Correlation between weight change and IRHD change after subsequent drying.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2019.31.11.497/fig7.png

Fig. 8 Correlation between weight change and height change after subsequent drying.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2019.31.11.497/fig8.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Low GWP ๋ƒ‰๋งค์ธ R1233zd(E)์™€ ๋‘ ์˜ค์ผ(POE, PVE) ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1) ์œก์•ˆ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋งค-์˜ค์ผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ค์ผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œก์•ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. CR ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œก์•ˆ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ๋ณ€์ƒ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌํ–ˆ ์œผ๋ฉฐ, FKM, EPDM, NBR ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์—ดํ™” ํ›„์—๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ณ , HNBR ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ์—ดํ™” ์ „โ‹…ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œก์•ˆ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(2) ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ ํ›„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋•Œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(1~3)์™€๋„ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ดํ™” ํ›„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” EPDM ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ƒ‰๋งค- ์˜ค์ผ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฑด์กฐ ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ™•์ธ ์‹œ, CR ๋ฐ FKM ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ IRHD๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, NBR, HNBR, EPDM ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, NBR ๋ฐ HNBR์ค‘ NBR ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(3)์—์„œ๋„ ์ด์™€ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€(MOTIE)์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์›(KETEP)์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(No.10052926).

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