Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

  1. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ํšจ์œจ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณธ๋ถ€ ์‹ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋ฐœ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Senior Researcher, Advanced Combustion Power Laboratory, Energy Efficiency Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 52 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 3429, Korea)
  2. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ํšจ์œจ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณธ๋ถ€ ์‹ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋ฐœ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ํ•™์ƒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Research Student, Advanced Combustion Power Laboratory, Energy Efficiency Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 15 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 3419, Korea)



์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ž ์—ด์ €์žฅ, ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ๋ฌผ์งˆํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ
Combustion system, Development level, Latent heat storage, Market size, Material evaluation, Phase change material

๊ธฐํ˜ธ์„ค๋ช…

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 2021๋…„ 10์›”, โ€˜2050๋…„ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜คโ€™์™€ โ€˜2030๋…„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•๋ชฉํ‘œ(NDC)์ƒํ–ฅ์•ˆโ€™์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ˆœ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ zero๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ , 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ˆœ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 2018๋…„ ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ 40% ๊ฐ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์งˆ์„œ์— ํŽธ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€โ€ค์ž์›๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์—ฐํ˜๊ณผ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ Lee et al.(1)์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2019๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ 701.4 ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํ†ค CO$_{2eq}$.์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ 611.5 ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํ†ค CO$_{2eq}$.๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 87.2%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ 99.3%์ธ 607.3 ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํ†ค CO$_{2eq}$.์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—ฐ์†Œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.(2) ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ„์•ผ ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—ฐ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ด๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—ฐ์†Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„์œจ์€ 80.5%(โ€™90), 81.3%(โ€™00), 85.7%(โ€™10), 86.1%(โ€™15), 86.1%(โ€™17), 86.4%(โ€™18), 86.6%(โ€™19)๋กœ 2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋กœ 86% ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ์†Œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ณต์ • ์ค‘ ํ•„์š” ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์—ฐ์†Œ์—์„œ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฐœ์ „, ์ œ์ฒ ์ œ๊ฐ• ๋“ฑ ๋†’์€ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ๊ฐ€์Šค, ํ๊ณต๊ธฐ, ํ์˜จ์ˆ˜, ํ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์—ฐ์†Œ ํ๊ฐ€์Šค, ํ์ฆ๊ธฐ, ์‘์ถ•์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ์—ด์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์‘์ถ•์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 100-300โ„ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ˜„์—ด์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋œ ์—ด์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ ์งˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์ง์ ‘ ํ˜„์—ด๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €์žฅ ํ›„ ํ•„์š” ์‹œ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ(Thermal Energy Storage, ์ดํ•˜ TES) ํ›„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ, ํŠนํžˆ 100โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์˜จ ์—ด์›์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ(Phase Change Material, ์ดํ•˜ PCM)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž ์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…์ผ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ 300โ„ƒ, 170โ„ƒ์˜ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž ์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ถ•์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š” ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 1์€ ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์šด์ „ ์‹œ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ž‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ํ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ•์—ด๋˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผํฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

Table 1 Total, energy sector, and fuel combustion based greenhouse gas emissions(2)[Unit: million tons of CO$_{2eq}$.]

Sector

1990

2000

2010

2015

2017

2018

2019

Compared to 1990

Compared to the previous year

Total emissions

292.1

502.7

656.0

692.6

710.7

727.0

701.4

140.1%

-3.5%

Energy sector

240.3

411.6

565.7

600.3

615.6

632.6

611.5

154.5%

-3.3%

Fuel combustion

235.2

408.9

561.9

596.5

611.6

628.1

607.3

158.2%

-3.3%

Energy industry

48.4

136.1

254.8

260.5

269.8

286.4

266.2

450.6%

-7.0%

Manufacturing

and construction

76.6

130.6

162.9

188.5

187.8

188.1

187.6

145.1%

-0.2%

Transport

35.5

69.9

85.4

94.2

98.3

98.1

101.0

184.5%

2.9%

Etc

74.6

69.8

55.8

50.2

52.6

52.5

49.5

-33.6%

-5.6%

Unclassified

0.2

2.4

2.9

3.1

3.2

3.1

2.9

1,520.9%

-5.6%

Fig. 1 Conceptual diagram of thermal energy storage system linked to combustion system.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2023.35.1.028/fig1.png

์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ดโ€ค์™ธ ์ •์ฑ… ๋™ํ–ฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 2021๋…„ 6์›” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ DOE๋Š” 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋•๊ณ , ์ฒญ์ • ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€˜Energy Earthshots Initiativeโ€™๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ฒ”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. โ€˜Long Duration Storage Shotโ€™์€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— 10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ 10๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— 90%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์ , ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ , ์—ด์ , ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ €์žฅ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.(3) ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ํ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณต๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 2030๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์‹ค์šฉํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋กœ G20 ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™โ€ค์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ฐ„ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณต๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์•ฝ 5์–ต ์›(์ตœ๋Œ€ 3๋…„)์„ ์ง€์›ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. 9๊ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ชฉ๋ก ์ค‘ โ€˜ํ˜์‹ ์  ๊ณ ์˜จ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ โ€™์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์Šค์›จ๋ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค.(4) ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ •์ฑ… ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ 2021๋…„ 12์›”์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ํ˜์‹ ์ „๋žต์— ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.(5) ์ด๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ์„ ๋„๊ตญ ๋„์•ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 4๋Œ€์ „๋žต 14๋Œ€ ์ถ”์ง„๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€˜์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜ ์ด‰์ง„๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•โ€™ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ณต์ • ์ค‘ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์š”๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์œ ๋ง๊ธฐ์ˆ  12๊ฐœ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ค‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ •์˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹œ ์ž ์—ด, ์ถ•์—ด, ์ถ•๋ƒ‰, ์—ด์กฐ์ ˆ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ €์žฅ๋œ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.(6) ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ถ•์—ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„์—ด์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋Œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํ˜„์—ด ์ €์žฅ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ์—ด์—ญํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋น„์—ด๊ณผ ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์—ด ์ €์žฅ์€ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์—ด์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด ์ €์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ž ์—ด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์—ด์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ด ์ €์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋˜ (์ฃผ๋กœ) ๊ณ ์ฒด์™€ ์•ก์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—”ํƒˆํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž ์—ด ์ €์žฅ ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์—ด๊ณผ ์ž ์—ด์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์—ด ์ €์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.(7-9) ์—ด์ €์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์˜จ๋„-์—”ํƒˆํ”ผ ์„ ๋„๋Š” Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ถ•์—ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.(10,11) ์ž ์—ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์—ด๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŠน์ • ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋…น์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ €์žฅ๋œ ํ›„ ์—ด์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตณ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.

Fig. 2 Physical behavior of phase change materials under transient heat loads: (a) Phase change process during direct contact between erythritol(PCM) and oil(HTF), (b) Phase change process of paraffin(PCM) with a melting point of 42โ„ƒ. The red dotted line indicates the phase change interface between the solid-liquid and shows the change according to the convective heat transfer process.(10,11)
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Fig. 3 Research flow and structure in the Part 1 and Part 2 papers.
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์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ง„๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผํ•  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ํ†ต์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ 10-1~1 W/(mโ€คK) ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ๊ณต๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ (์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ) ์ „์—ด๋ฉด์ ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—”ํƒˆํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์šฉ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ƒ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋…น์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์ผ€์ด์‹ฑ๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํ™œ์„ฑ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์Šค์ผ€์ผ๋กœ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณ„์†๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ฆ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์˜จ ์—ด์›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ํ’ˆ์‚ฐ์—…, ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์˜จ์ˆ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ , ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต์ • ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์˜จ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์˜จ์˜ ๋…น๋Š”์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ํ™•์žฅโ€ค์‹ค์ฆ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‘์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด Part 1๊ณผ 2๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ดโ€ค์™ธ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. Part 1์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ดโ€ค์™ธ ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์˜จ๋„์˜์—ญ ๋ณ„ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 100-300โ„ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ด์›์— ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Part 2์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ, ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ž ์—ด์ €์žฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ์šด์ „๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹ค์ฆ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋Š” 0-100โ„ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ €์˜จ ์˜์—ญ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตญ์™ธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 100โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์˜จ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋™ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ด ์—†์–ด, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž ์—ด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ €์˜จ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ฆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„ ๋งŽ์•„ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ €๊ฐ ์ด์Šˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์˜จ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.

2. ๊ตญ๋‚ดโ€ค์™ธ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€

2.1 ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ

2.1.1 ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ

ํ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์œผ๋กœ, ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์—ด์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ €๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ๊ณผ ์˜จ ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ•์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฝํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. TechNavio์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ 2019๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ โ€˜Global Waste Heat Recovery Marketโ€™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,(12) ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ 2018๋…„ 463์–ต 1,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(62.3์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  6.39%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2023๋…„์—๋Š” 631์–ต 1,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(84.9์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. MarketsandMarkets์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ 2016๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ โ€˜Waste Heat Recovery System Marketโ€™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,(13) ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์—ด์šฉ, ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์šฉ, ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ, ๊ธฐํƒ€์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์—ด์šฉ์€ 2016๋…„ 122์–ต 4,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(16.5์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  6.54%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2021๋…„ 168์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(22.6์กฐ ์›)๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 2016๋…„ 282์–ต 6,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(38.0์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  7.05%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2021๋…„ 397์–ต 3,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(53.5์กฐ ์›)๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,(12) 2018๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ์ง€์—ญ์ด 30.9%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ๋ฏธ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2018๋…„ 143์–ต 1,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(19.3์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  6.44%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2023๋…„์—๋Š” 195์–ต 5,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(26.3์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2018๋…„ 126์–ต 6,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(17.0์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  6.82%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2023๋…„์—๋Š” 176์–ต 1,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(23.7์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ์•„-ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2018๋…„ 114์–ต 2,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(15.4์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  7.14%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2023๋…„์—๋Š” 161์–ต 2,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(21.7์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๋™-์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2018๋…„ 45์–ต 8,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(6.2์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  4.8%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2023๋…„์—๋Š” 57์–ต 9,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(7.8์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ๋ฏธ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2018๋…„ 33์–ต 4,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(4.5์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  3.88%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2023๋…„์—๋Š” 40์–ต 4,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(5.4์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์€ 2016๋…„ 7์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(0.9์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  10.22%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2021๋…„์—๋Š” 11์–ต 4,000๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(1.5์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋‹ค.(13) ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ตœ์ข… ์ด์šฉ์ž๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์‚ฐ์—…, ์„์œ ์ •์ œ์‚ฐ์—…, ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์‚ฐ์—…, ๊ธˆ์†์ƒ์‚ฐ์—… ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4 Global waste heat recovery market by region [Unit: billion of dollars].
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2.1.2 ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์˜ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์› ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์œตโ€ค๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ, ์—ด, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์œตโ€ค๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œตโ€ค๋ณตํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์•„์ง ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ญ์‹œ ์ œ5์ฐจ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์› ๊ฐ„, ์ตœ์ข…์†Œ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ๊ฐ„ ์„นํ„ฐ์ปคํ”Œ๋ง ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œตโ€ค๋ณตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ์†ํ•ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋น„์œจ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ„ํ—์  ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ž‰์—ฌ์—ด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. MarketsandMarkets์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ 2017๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ โ€˜Thermal Energy Storage Marketโ€™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,(14) ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ 2017๋…„ 36์–ต 7,370๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(4.9์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  11.0%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 61์–ต 9,990๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(8.3์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ค์น˜์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 2017๋…„ 28์–ต 6,363๋งŒ ์™€ํŠธ์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  5.85%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 38์–ต 553๋งŒ ์™€ํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,(14) 2016๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์ด 41.0%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2017๋…„ 14์–ต 1,350๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(1.9์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  5.39%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 18์–ต 3,770๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(2.5์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2017๋…„ 7์–ต 4,850๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(1.0์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  3.53%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 8์–ต 9,030๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(1.2์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ์•„-ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2017๋…„ 4์–ต 930๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(0.6์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  17.68%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 9์–ต 2,380๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(1.2์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ค‘๋™-์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ์€ 2017๋…„ 11์–ต 250๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(1.5์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  18.24%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 25์–ต 4,820๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(3.4์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์šฉ๋„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์šฉ, ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ, ๊ณต์ • ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์—ด์šฉ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์—…, ์œ ํ‹ธ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ, ์‚ฐ์—… ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5 Global thermal energy storage market [Unit: billion of dollars].
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์„ธ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž ์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ 2017๋…„ 13์–ต 1,990๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(1.8์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  5.12%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 16์–ต 9,380๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(2.3์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ˜„์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ 2017๋…„ 23์–ต 5,270๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(3.2์กฐ ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  13.87%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 45์–ต 490๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(6.2์กฐ ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ดํ™”ํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ 2017๋…„ 110๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(15.1์–ต ์›)์—์„œ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ  1.73%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2022๋…„์—๋Š” 120๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(16.5์–ต ์›)์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. MarketsandMarkets์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ 2017๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ โ€˜Advanced PCM Marketโ€“Global Forecast to 2022โ€™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,(15) ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๊ณต์กฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 6,700๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(900์–ต ์›) ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ ํ์—ด์› ๋“ฑ์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ 3,630๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ(490์–ต ์›)๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.2 ๊ตญ๋‚ดโ€ค์™ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€

๋…น์ƒ‰๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•œ 2020๋…„ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,(16) 44๋Œ€ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ„ ์„ธ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ์ „๋ ฅ์ €์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์„ ๋„๊ตญ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋น„ 70.0%, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” 3.5๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(EU 95.0% 0.5๋…„, ์ผ๋ณธ 87.5% 1.5๋…„, ์ค‘๊ตญ 65.0% 5.0๋…„). ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ ์šฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œํ’ˆ๋„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๋งค์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์›์ฒœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์˜ ์งˆ์ , ์–‘์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ตœ๊ทผ ARPA-E ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์  ์—ด์ €์žฅํ™œ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ •๋ถ€์ •์ฑ…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋ฐ ์‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค. EU๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์‹œ์žฅ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ, ์ธ๋ ฅ, ์ œ๋„, ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—ด์ €์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹ค์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ด์›์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์žฅโ€คํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ ์˜จ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์Šˆํผ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์—ด์„ค๋น„ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ถ€์žฌ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์ง€์›์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ, ์ธ๋ ฅ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ถ•์—ด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ ์šด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ฒœ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ™•๋ณด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ฆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ„ ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋Šฆ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ „ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ, ์ธ๋ ฅ, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋Šฆ์–ด์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. EU๋Š” ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์ง„ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ EU ์„œ๋ฐฉ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์›์ฒœโ€ค์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ ์ œ์ž‘โ€ค์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‘์šฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ TRL์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋…์ผ DLR(German Aerospace Center)์ด๋‹ค. DLR์€ ๋…์ผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ถ€์™€ STEAG New Energies ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ TESIN(Thermal Energy Storage for Increasing Energy Efficiency) ๊ณต๋™ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ํ•˜์— ๋ณตํ•ฉํ™”๋ ฅ ์—ด๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณ ์˜จโ€ค๊ณ ์•• ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.(17-22) ๋˜ํ•œ DLR์€ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ์ผœ ๊ณ ์˜จ์˜ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ Ed. Zรผblin AG, Siemens AG์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ITES ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ํ•˜์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.(23-28) ์˜๊ตญ University of Warwick ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์„ํƒ„ํ™”๋ ฅ, ์—ด๋ณ‘ํ•ฉ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์šด์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.(29,30) ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์€ TRL์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์šฉ์œต์—ผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ MW๊ธ‰์˜ ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์–ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ์šฉ ์šด์ „ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ NREL๊ณผ ANL์€ DOE โ€˜SunShotโ€™ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ํ•˜์— ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ โ€ค๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด Rankine ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์˜ sCO2 Brayton ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(31-35) ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค Dalhousie University ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.(36-38) ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถ•์—ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 5.4 GJ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์†Œ๊ฐํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹ค์ฆ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(39-42) ์—ฐ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์šด์ „๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์—ด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ โ€˜์ œ์กฐ๋ถ„์•ผ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€ ๋™์‹œ์ €๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…โ€™์„ 2021๋…„ 4์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณ„, ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ์—ฐ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ”Œ๋žœํŠธ์™€ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ„ ์ตœ์  ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณต์ •โ€ค์ œ์–ด๋กœ์ง ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์šด์ „์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ํ์—ด์›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ž ์—ด์ถ•์—ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์—ดํƒ๋ฐฐ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์ €์žฅ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋…น๋Š”์  65-72โ„ƒ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ž ์—ด๋ฌผ์งˆ(fatty alcohol, Docosanol)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 10 MJ, 500 MJ, 2 GJ๊ธ‰ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ์„ค๋น„์—์„œ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.(43) ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฆ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ Part 2์— ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3. ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„ ํŠน์ง• ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆœ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์˜จ์ˆ˜, ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ์—ด์›์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ €์žฅ๋œ ์—ด์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ชฉ์  ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œ๊ณต์ฒ˜๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž‘๋™์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ์„ ํƒ, ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์ „ ๋“ฑ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฒด-์•ก์ฒด, ๊ณ ์ฒด-๊ณ ์ฒด, ๊ณ ์ฒด-๊ธฐ์ฒด, ์•ก์ฒด-๊ธฐ์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฒด-๊ณ ์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์ƒ(crystalline)์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์ฒด-์•ก์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ž‘์€ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฒด-๊ธฐ์ฒด, ์•ก์ฒด-๊ธฐ์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฒด-์•ก์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋Œ€๋น„ ํฐ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฒด-์•ก์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ข์€ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ 100โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ์„ค๋น„ ์‹ค์ฆ ์‹œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฒด-์•ก์ฒด ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ํฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„(organic), ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„(inorganic), ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ(eutectic)๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,(44,45) ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์—…์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.(7,46-53) Fig. 6์€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ์™์Šค, ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ NaNO3์˜ ๊ณ ์ฒด, ์•ก์ฒด์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.(54,55)

์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์€ ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ๊ณ„์—ด๊ณผ ๋น„ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ๊ณ„์—ด๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ๊ณ„์—ด์€ 100โ„ƒ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ €์˜จ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋„“์€ ๊ณ ํ˜•ํ™” ์˜จ๋„๋Œ€์™€ ๋†’์€ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰, ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋…์„ฑ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€์˜ ์ •์˜๋Š” CnH2n+2 (์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ n>16)์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์•Œ์ผ€์ธ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ(n-alkanes)๋ฅผ ์ผ์ปซ๊ณ , ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ์™์Šค๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 75% ์ด์ƒ์˜ n-alkanes ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.(56) ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ์™์Šค๋Š” ์ง์‡„(straight chain) ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ n-alkanes์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋ Œ๊ธฐ [-(CH2)n-]์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ™” ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž ์—ดํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ธ์ด ์งง์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋…น๋Š”์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ฒด์ธ์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋…น๋Š”์ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋…น๋Š”์ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ธ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž…์ฒดํšจ๊ณผ(steric effect)์— ์˜ํ•ด ํƒ„์†Œ์›์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ™€์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.(57,58) ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ํฐ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์ด 213-285 kJ/kg ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด 0.15 W/(mโ€คK) ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ์—ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹จ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ๊ณ„์—ด ์ค‘ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ(fatty acid)์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹โ€ค๋™๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ CH3(CH2)(n-2)COOH ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ๊ณผ ์šฉ์œต ์‹œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ๊ณ„์—ด๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์šฉ์œต ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ถ€์‹์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€ ์™์Šค์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋…น๋Š”์ ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ํญ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์—์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,(59,60) ๋” ๋†’์€ ์œต์ (90-200โ„ƒ)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹น(sugars)๊ณผ ๋‹น์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ(sugar alcohols)๋„ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณผ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ด์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.(61)

Fig. 6 Solid and liquid state of paraffin wax and NaNO3 as PCMs.(65,66)
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2023.35.1.028/fig6.png

๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์—ผ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ(ํ•จ์ˆ˜์—ผ, salt hydrates)๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์†(metallic)๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ Mโ€คnH2O ํ™”ํ•™์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์งˆ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ, M์€ ์—ผ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์‹, n์€ ์—ผ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ๋‚ด ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํƒˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž ์—ดํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์€ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰, ๋ฐ€๋„, ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์šฉ์œต, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ฐจ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธˆ์†๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ€์‹์„ฑ, ๋†’์€ ๊ณผ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์ €์žฅ์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.(62) ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,(63) ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์กด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์—ผ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์ƒ์‡„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ผ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๋…น๋Š”์ ์ด 100โ„ƒ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €์˜จ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ด์  ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์šฉ์œต์—ผ(molten salt)์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ์˜จ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์˜จ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์†๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ์ถฉ์ง„๋ฌผ๋กœ์จ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋†’์€ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์—ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ˜•์ƒ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(64,65) ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์† ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์†์€ ๊ฐ€์—ด๊ณผ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถˆ์šฉ์„ฑ ์นจ์ „๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฉ์œต ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ด์ €์žฅ ์„ค๋น„์— ์‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์—ญํ•™์  ํ‰ํ˜•์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฉ์œต๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜, ์•„์—ฐ, ์ˆ˜์€, ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ธˆ์†์€ ๋†’์€ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์••์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ๋‹ค.(66)

๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„-์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„-๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„-๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“  ์šฉ์œต ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜, ์นผ๋ฅจ, ๋ฆฌํŠฌ, ์นผ์Š˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ, ์—ผํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ์—ผ์€ ์ด์˜จ์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์˜จ ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์˜จ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋…น๋Š”์ ๊ณผ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์กฐ๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ณ ์œ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์–ด ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜ธ์นญ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ช…๊ณผ ๋…น๋Š”์ ์„ ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ช…(์˜ˆ, RT-60: ๋…์ผ Rubitherm Technologies GmbH์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋…น๋Š”์  60โ„ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ, KITECH-67: ํ•œ๊ตญ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋…น๋Š”์  67โ„ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ)์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

3.2 ๊ณ ์˜จ์˜์—ญ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ

Fig. 7์€ Jankowski and McCluskey(47)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜จ๋„๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ 200-600โ„ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณ ์˜จ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. 0-100โ„ƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ค‘โ€ค์ €์˜จ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผํ•€, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์‚ฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์—ผ์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ 100โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์˜จ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฉ์œต์—ผ, ๊ธˆ์†๊ณ„ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฌผ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ์—ด์ €์žฅ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์˜จ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋…น๋Š”์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์•Œ์นผ๋ฆฌ ๊ธˆ์† ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์นผ๋ฅจ(KNO3)๊ณผ ์งˆ์‚ฐ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ(NaNO3) ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๊ณ ,(67) ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹ค์ฆ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” 160-180โ„ƒ ์˜จ๋„๋Œ€์˜ ์—ด์›์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ๋œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. 100โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ ์˜จ๋„ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์šฉ์œต์—ผ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋Š” Table 2์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 2์ข…, ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 5์ข…๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7 Temperature ranges of the surveyed material categories with low, medium and high temperature ranges indicated by the shaded regions. Specific and volumetric latent heats of high transition temperature PCMs.(47)
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2023.35.1.028/fig7.png
Table 2 Thermophysical properties of selected eutectic compounds(7)

Name

Mass ratio

T$_{melting}$

[โ„ƒ]

H$_{melting}$

[kJ/kg]

Cp$_{,solid}$

Cp$_{,liquid}$

k$_{,solid}$

k$_{,liquid}$

$\rho_{,solid}$

[kg/ใŽฅ]

E$_{density}$

[kWh/ใŽฅ]

[kJ/kgโ€คK]

[W/mโ€คK]

Urea-NH$_{4}$Cl

85-15

102

214

1.77

2.09

0.76

0.58

1348

77

Urea-K$_{2}$CO$_{3}$

15-85

102

206

1.66

2.02

0.78

0.58

1415

78

Urea-KNO$_{3}$

77-23

109

195

1.60

1.91

0.81

0.58

1416

74

Urea-NaCl

90-10

112

230

1.72

2.02

0.82

0.60

1372

85

Urea-KCl

89-11

115

227

1.69

1.96

0.83

0.60

1370

83

LiNO$_{3}$-NaNO$_{3}$-KNO$_{3}$

30-18-52

123

140

1.17

1.44

0.79

0.53

2068

79

LiNO$_{3}$-KNO$_{3}$

34-66

133

150

1.17

1.35

0.96

0.52

2018

82

KNO$_{3}$-NaNO$_{2}$

56-44

141

97

1.18

1.74

0.73

0.57

1994

52

KNO$_{3}$-NaNO$_{3}$-NaNO$_{2}$

53-6-41

142

110

1.17

1.73

0.72

0.57

2006

60

KNO$_{2}$-NaNO$_{3}$

48-52

149

124

1.05

1.63

0.58

0.52

2080

70

LiNO$_{3}$-NaNO$_{2}$

62-38

156

233

1.57

1.91

1.12

0.66

2296

143

LiNO$_{3}$-KCl

58-42

160

272

1.26

1.35

1.31

0.59

2196

161

LiNO$_{3}$-NaNO$_{3}$-KCl

45-50-5

160

266

1.32

1.69

0.88

0.59

2297

166

HCOONa-HCOOK

45-55

176

175

1.15

0.93

0.63

0.43

1913

92

LiOH-LiNO$_{3}$

19-81

183

352

1.60

2.00

1.33

0.69

2124

202

LiNO$_{3}$-NaNO$_{3}$

49-51

194

262

1.35

1.72

0.87

0.59

2317

165

LiNO$_{3}$-NaCl

87-13

208

369

1.54

1.56

1.35

0.63

2350

235

KNO$_{3}$-KOH

80-20

214

83

1.03

1.35

0.88

0.54

1905

43

KNO$_{3}$-NaNO$_{3}$

55-45

222

110

1.01

1.49

0.73

0.51

2028

61

LiBr-LiNO$_{3}$

27-73

228

279

1.34

1.38

1.14

0.57

2603

196

LiOH-NaNO$_{3}$-NaOH

6-67-27

230

184

1.30

2.00

0.78

0.67

2154

107

NaNO$_{2}$-NaNO$_{3}$

55-45

233

163

1.31

2.13

0.59

0.64

2210

97

CaCl$_{2}$-LiNO$_{3}$

13-87

238

317

1.50

1.53

1.37

0.69

2362

204

LiCl-LiNO$_{3}$

9-91

244

342

1.58

1.61

1.37

0.64

2351

218

NaNO$_{3}$-NaOH

86-14

250

160

1.19

1.86

0.66

0.60

2241

97

3.3 ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ 

์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์šด์˜์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ , CFD ๋“ฑ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธก์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋ฐ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋…น๋Š”์ , ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰, ๋น„์—ด, ๋ฐ€๋„, ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ ๋“ฑ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’์ด๊ณ , ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์œจ๊ณผ ์•ก์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ ์„ฑ์€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ Fig. 8์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์ฐจ์—ด๋ถ„์„(differential thermal analysis, ์ดํ•˜ DTA), ์‹œ์ฐจ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์—ด๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„(differential scanning calorimetry, ์ดํ•˜ DSC)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…น๋Š”์ , ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰, ๋น„์—ด์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.(68,69) DTA๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜จ๋„ ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, DSC๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘ ์—ด์ (์—ด๋Ÿ‰, ์—ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ) ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. DSC ์ปค๋ธŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์—ด, ํก์—ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”ผํฌ์ ์€ ์—ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๊ณผ ํก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. DTA์—์„œ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ์ ์€ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.(70) DTA๋Š” DSC๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ์ง€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 1500-1700โ„ƒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ ์€ (DSC๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 1000โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ) ์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ ์ •ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์šฉ์œต ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์œตํ•ด์—ด ์ธก์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์—ด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.(71) ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋Š” ์œ„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ, ์—ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ธก์ •์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ์†์„ฑ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ํšŒ์˜ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ œํ’ˆํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ํšŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘๋™ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ํšŒ์˜ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ฒช์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์•ฝ 1000ํšŒ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค.(71) ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์ž ์—ด ์ €์žฅ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์—ด์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ์†Œ 1000ํšŒ ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, Song and Ryou(58)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ C26H54, C28H58 ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  DSC-92 ์—ดํŠน์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‚ฌ์ดํด์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ดํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. C26H54์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€๋งŒ 1500ํšŒ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 8% ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ๋น„์—ด์€ 1500ํšŒ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ƒ ๋น„์—ด์€ 18.2% ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์•ก์ฒด์ƒ ๋น„์—ด์€ ์•ฝ 5.9% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. C28H58์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 5.7% ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๋น„์—ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ 30% ๊ฐ์†Œํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 9์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋“ฏ์ด, DSC์—์„œ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์—ด์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ํ”ผํฌ์ ์€ ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ , ๋ถˆ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•จ์œ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ์žฌํ˜„์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ”ผํฌ์ ์ด ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8 Schematic diagrams: (a) DTA, (b) Heat flux DSC.(69)
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2023.35.1.028/fig8.png
Fig. 9 Effect of NaNO2 impurity on NaNO3 property: (a) DSC measurement, (b) Calculated DSC heat flux.(67)
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2023.35.1.028/fig9.png

์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์€ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์—ด์ €์žฅ ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋„์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์‹œ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๋„์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ธก์ • ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1์ฐจ์› Fourier ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„์ธก ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋œ๋‹ค. GHP(guarded hot plate) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๋„์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์—ด์ „๋„ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  TPS(transient plane source), THW(transient hot-wire), THS(transient hot-strip), LFA(laser flash analysis) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.(68)

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ธ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ Part 1 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ดํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋…์ผ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ 300โ„ƒ, 170โ„ƒ ์—ด์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋“ฑ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ 100-300โ„ƒ ์˜จ๋„์˜์—ญ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์šฉ์œต์—ผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์œต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์‹ค์ฆ๊ณผ์ œ์—๋„ ๊ทธ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ Part 1 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ, ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ›„์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋  Part 2 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์›๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์‹œ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์  ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ, ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋™ํ–ฅ, ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ถ•โ€ค๋ฐฉ์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜, ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‹ค์ฆ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ›„ ๊ธฐ

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2022๋…„๋„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ์›(KEIT) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 20015703).

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