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  1. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› (Postdoctoral Researcher, Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan National University, Busan 4624, Korea)
  2. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • (Ph.D student, Department of Architecture Engineering Busan National University, Busan 4641, Korea)
  3. ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ (Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Busan National University, Busan 46241, Korea)



๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ผ์ฒดํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘-์—ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ์••๋ ฅ์†์‹ค, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํšจ์œจ
Building integrated photovoltaic-thermal system, Numericla simulation, Pressure loss, System efficiency

๊ธฐํ˜ธ์„ค๋ช…

$P_{pv}$ ๏ผš PV ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ [W]
$FF$ ๏ผš ์ถฉ์ „๊ณ„์ˆ˜ [-]
$I_{sc}$ ๏ผš ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ „๋ฅ˜ [A]
$V_{oc}$ ๏ผš ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํšŒ๋กœ ์ „์•• [V]
$\dot{m}$ ๏ผš ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ [kg/s]
$A_{PV}$ ๏ผš PV ๋ฉด์  [m2]
$(\tau a)_{n}$ ๏ผš PV์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ [-]
$IAM$ ๏ผš ์ž…์‚ฌ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ • [-]
$G$ ๏ผš ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰ [W/m2]
$\eta$ ๏ผš ํšจ์œจ [-]
$W_{fan}$ ๏ผš ํŒฌ ๋™๋ ฅ [W]

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

2022๋…„ IEA์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ โ€˜Tracking Clean Energy Progressโ€™ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ์ „์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์˜ 34%, CO2 ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 37%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ(Zero energy building, ZEB)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ZEB ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋‹จ์—ด, ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€, ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ZEB ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ์ž๋น„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํšจ์œจ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ์šฉ์ด ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘(Photovoltaic, PV) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด(Solar Thermal) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘-์—ด(Photovoltaic-Thermal, PVT) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(1-3) PVT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ PV ํŒจ๋„ ๋’ค์— ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ PV์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์—ด์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, PV ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. PVT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์—ด๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ZEB ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์ง€๋ฉด์  ๋Œ€๋น„ ์—ฐ๋ฉด์ ์ด ํฐ ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ธต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ์˜ PVT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ ์šฉ์€ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฉด์  ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์™ธํ”ผ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์—ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ผ์ฒดํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘-์—ด(Building integrated PVT) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, BIPVT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ์„ค์น˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•๋ณด, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์—ด์˜ ๋™์‹œ ์ƒ์„ฑ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์†Œ์Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€, ํ™”์žฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(4-6)

Shahsavar et al.(7)์€ BIPVT์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—‘์„œ์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(๋•ํŠธ ๊ธธ์ด, ๋•ํŠธ ํญ, ๋•ํŠธ ๊นŠ์ด ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Yu et al.(8)์€ BIPVT ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์™ธ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ PV ์…€์˜ ์—ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŒŒ์‚ฌ๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ BIPVT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ PV ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ, ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ, ์˜จ์ˆ˜๋‚œ๋ฐฉ, PV-PCM, ํžˆํŠธ ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ BIPVT ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์ „์ง€ ์—ด์ „ ๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ 7๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ, ์—ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Debbarma et al.(9)์€ BIPV์™€ BIPVT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ด‘ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, BIPVT์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ดํšจ์œจ์€ 55%๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, BIPVT ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค์น˜ ๊ถŒ์žฅ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, BIPVT ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์™ธํ”ผ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์—ด์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ผ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜จ๋„, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ BIPVT์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” BIPVT์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ BIPVT-air ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ BIPVT์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. BIPVT๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ๋‹จ์—ด์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Back panal์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด ์˜จ๋„(25โ„ƒ), ์ตœ๋Œ€์ผ์‚ฌ(1,000 W/m2)๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. BIPVT ์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

2.1 BIPVT ์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ

Fig. 1์€ ํ•ด์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ BIPVT์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. BIPVT๋Š” PV์™€ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, 2,000 mm ร— 1,000 mm ร— 93 mm์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. PV๋Š” 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” Table 1์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณผ์—ด๋œ BIPVT์˜ PV cell ์˜จ๋„๋Š” PV์˜ ํšจ์œจ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ๋™์— ์˜ํ•ด PV cell ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋•ํŠธ์˜ ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ๋™๊ณผ ์—ด๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ 165 mm(Case 1), 200 mm(Case 2), 250 mm(Case 3)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ Case์—์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1 PV module and heat exchanger of BIPVT.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.6.281/fig1.png
Table 1 Input parameters of each layer in BIPVT

Layer

Function

Material

Thickness (mm)

Thermal conductivity (W/(m K))

Specific heat

(J/(kg โ„ƒ))

Density

(kg/m3)

1

Front Sheet

ETFE

(Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene)

0.28

0.24

1172

1730

2

Encapsulant

EVA

(Ethylene-vinyl acetate)

0.20

0.35

2090

945

3

Solar Cell

Silicon

(Monocrystalline cell)

0.15

148

700

2330

4

Encapsulant

EVA

(Ethylene-vinyl acetate)

0.20

0.35

2090

945

5

Back Sheet

PET

(Insulation plastic)

0.20

0.275

1275

1350

6

Adhesive

Tape

0.13

0.19

2000

1012

7

Support

CFRP

(Carbon fiber composite polymer)

2.00

6.83

1130

1490

8

Heat exchanger

Aluminum

(length ร— width ร— height)

Thickness: 20 mm

237

951

2689

9

Air

Air

0.026

1007

1.16

2.2 ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

PVT์˜ ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์€ PV cell์˜ ํšจ์œจ, ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ผ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค:

(1)
$P_{PV}=(FF)I_{sc}\bullet V_{oc}\bullet A_{PV}=(\tau a)_{n}IAM\bullet G\bullet A_{PV}\bullet\eta_{PV}$

๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ํšŒ๋กœ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ถฉ์ „๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋‹จ๋ฝ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ค. Evans ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ PV ์…€์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ํšจ์œจ์€ ์„ ํ˜• ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

(2)
$\eta_{PV}=\eta_{T_{ref}}[1-\beta_{ref}(T_{c}-T_{ref})]$

$\eta_{T_{ref}}$๋Š” ์ฐธ์กฐ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ํšจ์œจ, $\beta_{ref}$๋Š” ์˜จ๋„๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ PV ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ด๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” $\eta_{T_{ref}}$๋Š” 0.15, $\beta_{ref}$๋Š” 0.5/K์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, PV ์…€ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

PVT์˜ ์—ด์—ญํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์€ ์—ด์—ญํ•™ 1๋ฒ•์น™์ธ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณด์กด์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์œ ๋™์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ด๋™์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋‚ด์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(3)
$\dot{m_{i nle t}}-\dot{m_{outle t}}=\triangle V$
(4)
$\dot{Q_{BIPVT}}=\dot{m}\bullet c_{p}(T_{i nle t}-T_{outle t})$

ํƒœ์–‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด ์œ ํšจ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์€ ์—ด ์ด๋“๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํŒฌ ๋™๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(5)
$\dot{Q_{gain}}=\dot{Q_{BIPVT}}+P_{PV}-W_{fan}$
(6)
$\max(\eta_{total})=f(x_{spacin g},\: \dot{m})=\dot{Q_{gain}}/\dot{Q_{solar}}$

2.3 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ

BIPVT๋Š” ์œ ํ•œ์ฒด์ ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ANSYS Fluent ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ BIPVT์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ๋™ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ (Tetrahedrons, Hex Dominant)๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์ธต ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ตํ™˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•€๊ณผ ๋•ํŠธ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์— inflation ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋™ํ•ด์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 2๋Š” cost-effective ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2 Mesh independent solution test.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.6.281/fig2.png
Table 2 Boundary conditions for simulation

Boundary

Conditions

Value

The upper side of BIPVT

Dirichlet

1,000 W/m2

The bottom side of soils

Dirichlet

25โ„ƒ

Front, back, right, left side of BIPVT

Adiabatic

-

PV cell and heat exchanger

Interface

-

Inlet

Dirichlet, velocity inlet

25โ„ƒ

from 0.2 kg/s to 0.9 kg/s

Outlet

Pressure outlet

-

ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ Case ๋ณ„ ์ตœ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด STC(Standard Test Conditions) ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ Steady-state ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” BIPVT์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ 1000 W/m2์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ผ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , BIPVT๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹จ์—ด์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ back panal์€ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์™€ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ • ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์œ ๋™์žฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ 0.2 kg/s๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 0.9 kg/s๊นŒ์ง€ 0.1 kg/s ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ 25โ„ƒ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 2๋Š” ๊ฐ Boudnary์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

3. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์—ด ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ

Fig. 3์€ ๊ฐ Case์˜ PV Cell ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ Outlet ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, BIPVT์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, Case 1(ํ•€๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 165 mm, ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ 0.5 kg/s ๊ธฐ์ค€)์˜ PV cell์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 31.0โ„ƒ, Case 2์˜ PV cell ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 32.0โ„ƒ, Case 3์˜ PV cell ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 33.6โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PV cell ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ Oultlet ์˜จ๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ผ BIPVT์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์œ ๋™ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์งง์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์œ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค Outlet ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹จ์—ด์กฐ๊ฑด(๋‹ค์ค‘ BIPVT ์„ค์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด)์—์„œ ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋„“์„์ˆ˜๋ก Outlet ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋„“์„์ˆ˜๋ก BIPVT์˜ Cell ์˜จ๋„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ์˜จ๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— BIPVT์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์—ด ํš๋“์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง‘์—ด๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Outlet ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(Fig. 4).

Fig. 3 PV cell and outlet temperature in each case.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.6.281/fig3.png
Fig. 4 Temperature distribution in the duct.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.6.281/fig4.png
Fig. 5 Heat gain and PV efficiency in each case.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.6.281/fig5.png

Fig. 5๋Š” ๊ฐ Case์˜ PV ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ์—ด ์ด๋“์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. PV ์…€ ์ „๋ ฅ ํšจ์œจ์€ ์‹(2)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์•ฝ 10.5 ~ 12.2%์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์—ด ์ด๋“์€ ์‹(5)๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋น ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด ์—ด ์ด๋“์€ ๋†’์•„์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ Case์—์„œ์˜ 54.4 ~ 254.4 W/m2์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์—ด ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์œ ์ฒด ์œ ๋™๊ณผ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค

๋•ํŠธ ๋‚ด์˜ ์œ ์ฒด ์œ ๋™์€ ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ํŒฌ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅธ ์œ ์†์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์œ ์ฒด๋Š” ์—ด์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ์†์‹ค์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒฌ ๋™๋ ฅ์— ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ•˜๋ฝ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์˜ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์œ ์†์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค(Case 1-1, Case 2-1, Case 3-1 [$\dot{m}$ = 0.2 kg/s]. ๋ชจ๋“  Case์—์„œ ์ž…๊ตฌ ์ธก ์œ ์†์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ตฌ ์ธก ์œ ์†์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๊ตด๊ณก๋ถ€์—์„œ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์†์‹ค ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์œ ๋™ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์ •์ฒด (์œ ์† ๊ฐ์†Œ)๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ฐ Case์—์„œ ์ž…๊ตฌ ์ธก์˜ ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ์†์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋™ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ์†์‹ค์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ์†์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ ์œ ๋™์žฅ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ํŒฌ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7์€ ๊ฐ Case์˜ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ BIPVT์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 0.2 ~ 0.9 kg/s์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค ์•ฝ 3.9 ~ 27.8 Pa๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••๋ ฅ์†์‹ค์€ ์„ ํ˜•์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” Case 1์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ Case 2๋Š” ์•ฝ 67.3%, Case 3์€ 48.0% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 6 Fluid flows in the duct in each case.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.6.281/fig6.png
Fig. 7 Pressure drop in each case.
../../Resources/sarek/KJACR.2024.36.6.281/fig7.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” BIPVT์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์„ค์น˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, BIPVT-air ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ BIPVT์˜ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ BIPVT์˜ ์—ด ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์œ ์ฒด ์œ ๋™๊ณผ ์••๋ ฅ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1) PV cell ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก Case 1์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์•ฝ 10%(Case 2). 20%(Case 3) ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Oultlet ์˜จ๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ปค์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(2) ์ „์ฒด Case์˜ PV ํšจ์œจ์€ 10.5 ~ 12.2%์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ด ์ด๋“ 54.4 ~ 254.4 W/m2์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์—ด ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(3) ์ž…๊ตฌ ์ธก ์œ ์†์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๊ตฌ์ธก ์œ ์†์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์—ด๊ตํ™˜๊ธฐ ๊ตด๊ณก๋ถ€์—์„œ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์†์‹ค ๋ฐ ๋‚œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์œ ๋™ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์ •์ฒด(์œ ์† ๊ฐ์†Œ)๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋™ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งˆ์ฐฐ ์†์‹ค์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ์†์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

(4) ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 0.2 ~ 0.9 kg/s์—์„œ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค ์•ฝ 3.9 ~ 27.8 Pa๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••๋ ฅ์†์‹ค์€ ์„ ํ˜•์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ํ•€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” Case 1์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ Case 2๋Š” ์•ฝ 67.3%, Case 3์€ 48.0% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ถ”ํ›„, ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ฒฝ์ฒด์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ BIPVT์˜ ์ถœ์ˆ˜์˜จ๋„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ(Heat pump์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๋™ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ) ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์‹ค์ •์— ๋งž๋Š” BIPVT์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ตœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

ํ›„ ๊ธฐ

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2022๋…„๋„ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(NRF-No.2022R1A4A1026503, No.2021R1A2C2014259, NRF-2022R1A6A3A01087099).

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