| Title |
Actual Energy Consumption and Green Building Management Using Measurement and Verification for CCGT(Chicago Center for Green Technology) |
| Authors |
Ko Dong-Hwan ; Kim Hyeong-Ill |
| Keywords |
Green Building Certification ; Actual Energy consumption ; Measurement & Verification ; Energy Conservation |
| Abstract |
Currently, green building certification is an essential requirement for every building. In order to obtain this certification, pre-evaluation of building simulation is also required to evaluate building energy efficiency and conservation using various sustainable building strategies and technologies. However, the actual energy consumption and conservation should be verified after a building is occupied. This study focuses on the CCGT, a building that received LEED Platinum certification. Initially, various green building strategies and renewable energy technologies were introduced. Subsequently, an analysis of measurement and verification (M&V) was carried out; it consisted of the following four parts. First, the actual energy consumption was compared with the predicted simulation annual consumption. Second, some problems related to energy usage were found during building inspections. In particular, the dimming control system was not functional during the entire year, and around half of the building was not occupied. Moreover, calculation of the actual LPD(lighting power density) showed that the measured LPD was higher than the LPD derived from simulation. After changing the simulation input file on the basis of present building conditions, the annual consumption, as estimated using the new DOE2.1E simulation, was compared with the actual energy usage. Third, the problem encountered in verifying the energy conservation using renewable energy was considered. Pre-simulation indicated 42 % gas conservation, but the actual usage was higher at around 45%. Moreover, when the building was fully occupied, the actual gas consumption was 270% higher than the simulation prediction; this is even higher than the baseline simulation model without GSHP (ground source heat pump). Also the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems was monitored; however, collected data indicated that just 13% of the predicted annual electric generation would be from PV systems. Thus, it has been concluded that although pre-design and evaluation are significant factors for obtaining certification, the most important aspects are green building M&V of actual energy consumption. In a manner similar to LEED M&V, systematic analysis and management are essential for developing green and energy efficient buildings, especially for obtaining green building certification. |