| Title |
The Progress of Mount Geumgang National Park Preparation Plan and Its Significance during the 1930s |
| Authors |
성나연(Sung, Nayon) ; 전봉희(Jeon, BongHee) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2021.37.8.101 |
| Keywords |
Mount Geumgang; National Park; Landscape Planning; Tourism; Alpinism; Conservation of Nature; 1930s |
| Abstract |
The purpose of this study is to examine how the Mount Geumgang National Park Preparation Plan changed the landscape of Mt. Geumgang during
the 1930s. In the early 1930s, the Japanese Government-General of Joseon sought to conserve the landscape of Mt. Geumgang, which had been
damaged by increasing tourists and reckless development, by executing a national park plan. Uehara and Tamura, invited Japanese landscape
architecture authorities, had contrasting viewpoints for national parks, thereby suggested two different national park preparation plans. Uehara
emphasized Inner Geumgang's traditional scenic spots with old buildings and stories, while Tamura did Outer Geumgang's modern natural landscape.
The final plan adopted both of their plans by applying each to separate zones. This plan was partially implemented and changed the landscape of
mountains, although Mt.Geumgang was not designated as a national park as planned. Mt. Geumgang was reorganized by the plan as follows. First,
the territory of Mt. Geumgang, which had been ambigous, was confirmed and expanded as a 'great landscape of granite mountains'. Second, the area
of Mt. Geumgang were divided into multiple zones for different purposes. Newly added areas were developed as the zone for physical training of
alpinists while highlighting a Mt. Geumgang's attribute as "unexplored nature." On the other hand, existing Inner Geumgang and Outer Geumgang
areas were developed as the zone for tourists, which had facilities for groups of tourists and motoring roads for the short period sightseeing. New
Geumgang was to be developed as a midpoint destination for the upper-class; however, this plan was abandoned as the whole plan was scaled down
after 1933. Third, the landscapes of each zones were characterized by the building styles in it. Through this strategy, Outer Geumgang and newely
added areas, the base of alpinists, were portrayed as modern and western, whereas Inner Geumgang, the base of tourists, was portrayed as traditional
and oriental. These changes are important in that it has an influence on today’s understanding and experience of Mt. Geumgang. |