| Title |
Development of LOS Indicator for Performance Assessment of Human-Robot Coexistence in Robot-Friendly Buildings |
| Authors |
한기성(Han, Gisung) ; 송요안(Song, Yoan) ; 한재원(Han, Jaewon) ; 차승현(Cha, Seung Hyun) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.5.71 |
| Keywords |
Robot-Friendly Building; Human-Robot Coexistence; Level of Service (LOS); Performance Assessment Indicator |
| Abstract |
This study proposes a Level of Service (LOS)?based indicator framework to evaluate human?robot coexistence in buildings, extending
assessment from static checklists to operational performance during building operation. Candidate measures were derived from pedestrian LOS
and HRI/HRC literature and robot-inclusive building guidelines, and were refined through focus group interviews. The final framework
comprises four domains?mobility/crowdedness, safety/collision, communication/acceptance, and interoperability, efficiency, and maintenance?
and includes 12 indicators computable from robot and facility logs, video/LiDAR tracking, and user surveys. An expert panel (n=11) rated
each indicator on six criteria using a 10-point scale. Ratings indicated overall high relevance, with acceptable content validity (S-CVI/Ave =
0.84). Event-based safety indicators and user acceptance were prioritized, while charging accessibility and operational efficiency showed
greater disagreement, highlighting the need for clearer operational definitions and standardized measurement protocols. The proposed indicator
set can complement existing certification schemes by enabling performance monitoring and supporting targeted design and operational
improvements. Future work will validate the indicators and establish LOS grading thresholds through field measurements across building types. |