| Title |
Development of a Smart Safety Management Framework Based on Phase-Specific Risk Factors for Modular Apartment Construction |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.7.345 |
| Keywords |
Modular Apartment Construction; Phase-Specific Risk Factors; Smart Construction Safety Management; Phase-Based Safety Management; Smart Safety Management Framework |
| Abstract |
This study proposes a smart safety management framework for modular apartment construction based on phase-specific risk factors. As
modular construction integrates off-site manufacturing and on-site assembly processes, safety risks tend to concentrate in specific construction
phases such as transportation, lifting, and installation. However, existing safety management practices remain largely dependent on
conventional inspection-oriented approaches and do not sufficiently reflect the unique characteristics of modular construction processes.
To address this limitation, this study systematically defined the construction phases of modular apartment projects and identified major safety
risks associated with each phase. Based on a comprehensive literature review and process-oriented risk analysis, smart construction
technologies?including IoT sensing systems, AI-based vision monitoring, worker location tracking (UWB/GPS), BIM and Digital Twin
technologies, and drone-based monitoring?were mapped to phase-specific risk factors. The results indicate that safety risks in modular
construction are highly phase-dependent, requiring integrated application of multiple smart technologies rather than single-technology solutions.
An integrated smart safety management framework was developed consisting of construction phase layers, data and technology layers,
real-time safety operation processes, and safety performance outputs. The proposed framework enables a transition from reactive safety control
to proactive and preventive safety management through real-time data collection, risk detection, prediction, warning, and feedback mechanisms.
The proposed framework provides a practical decision-support model for selecting appropriate smart safety technologies according to
construction phases and is expected to contribute to improving safety performance and operational efficiency in modular apartment
construction projects. |