| Title |
Comparative Analysis of Structural Embodied Carbon and Vertical System Operational Carbon in Residential Building Types under Identical FAR Conditions |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.8.121 |
| Keywords |
Residential building typology; Embodied carbon; Operational carbon; Floor area ratio; Vertical building systems; High-rise housing; Low-rise block housing |
| Abstract |
This study examines how residential building typology affects partial life-cycle carbon burdens under the same floor area ratio (FAR) of 280
percent. Using a redevelopment district in Anyang as a case study, three typologies are compared: a 35-story slab-type high-rise, a 49-story
tower-type high-rise, and a 6-story low-rise block housing model. The analysis combines structural embodied carbon from stages A1 through
A3, calculated using environmental product declaration (EPD) factors for concrete and reinforcing steel, with operational carbon from partial
stage B6 associated with key vertical systems such as elevators and water supply booster pumps. The results show a clear increase in both
structural embodied carbon and operational carbon from vertical systems as building height increases. Among the three typologies, the
tower-type high-rise produces the highest structural carbon burden, while the low-rise block housing produces the lowest. Under the baseline
EPD-based scenario, the total comparative carbon burden of the tower-type high-rise is approximately 83.2 percent higher than that of the
6-story low-rise block housing. In comparison, the slab-type high-rise shows a carbon burden that is 49.5 percent higher than the low-rise
case. These findings suggest that, even under identical FAR conditions, residential typology can significantly influence partial life-cycle carbon
burden, with the low-rise block housing demonstrating the lowest burden among the tested scenarios. |