Title Optimization of Double and Triple Glazing Combinations to Minimize Heating and Cooling Loads in Office and Residential Buildings across Korean Climate Zones
Authors 이준영(Lee, Junyoung) ; 김동수(Kim, Dongsu) ; 이루다(Lee, Ruda) ; 윤종호(Yoon, Jongho) ; 임한솔(Lim, Hansol)
DOI https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.9.319
Page pp.319-328
ISSN 2733-6247
Keywords Optimization; Genetic algorithm; Cooling and heating load; Glazing
Abstract This study developed an optimization framework to identify optimal double- and triple-glazing combinations that minimize annual heating and cooling loads in office and residential buildings across four Korean climate zones. Commercial glazing data from the LBNL International Glazing Database (IGDB) were filtered and reduced to 17 representative glazing groups using K-means clustering. A genetic algorithm coupled with Python and EnergyPlus (v22.2) was then applied to the DOE Medium Office model and a validated Korean apartment model to optimize glazing configurations. For office buildings, low-SHGC double glazing with an air gap was consistently identified as the optimal solution across all climate zones. Because cooling accounted for 89?99% of the total load, triple glazing increased total load by up to 3.32%. In residential buildings, where heating accounted for 56?75% of the total load, triple glazing with Krypton gas layers reduced total load by 0.25?0.96%. The optimal SHGC also varied by region: lower SHGC was favorable in Jeju, whereas relatively higher SHGC was advantageous in Busan, Daejeon, and Chuncheon. These results indicate that window design criteria based solely on U-value are insufficient and should also reflect building type, climate zone, and SHGC.