| Title |
Mechanical Properties and Failure Surface Characteristics of Triple-Hybrid Reinforced Concrete under Triaxial Compression |
| Authors |
원지환(Won, JI-Hwan) ; 이문석(Lee, Moon-seok) ; 최창식(Choi, Chang-sik) ; 배백일(Bae, Baek-il) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.9.347 |
| Keywords |
Triple-Hybrid Reinforced Concrete; Triaxial Compression; Willam-Warnke Failure Criterion; Failure Surface |
| Abstract |
This study investigates the triaxial compressive behavior and failure surface characteristics of triple-hybrid reinforced concrete incorporating
carbon nanotubes, nanosilica, and graphene oxide. Ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) and triple-hybrid reinforced concrete (GCS)
specimens, designated as GCS 0.5 and GCS 1.0, were tested under compression meridian (CM) and tension meridian (TM) stress paths using
a Hoek cell. In the CM tests, peak axial stress and peak axial strain increased with confining pressure. GCS 1.0 exhibited peak axial stresses
approximately 11.2 to 14.1 percent higher than those of OPC under all confinement conditions. In the TM tests, strength enhancement was
less pronounced than in the CM tests. However, the GCS specimens maintained stable behavior at higher deviatoric stress levels under high
confinement and demonstrated greater deformation capacity with more gradual post-peak softening. The experimental results were used to
calibrate the Willam-Warnke 5-parameter failure criterion. Compared with OPC, GCS 1.0 exhibited a more rounded deviatoric plane, and the
difference in the shape parameter increased with mean normal stress. These findings indicate that the multiaxial failure behavior of GCS
differs from that of OPC and that the calibrated Willam-Warnke failure surface provides a useful framework for evaluating triple-hybrid
reinforced concrete under confined stress conditions. |