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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Chuncheon Campus of Korea Polytechnicโ…ข, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Professor)



Socket-Outlets, Contact Resistance, Socket-Contacts, Withdrawal Force

1. ์„œ๋ก 

๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ œํ’ˆ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋ฐฐ์„  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ๋ช… ๋ฐ ์žฌ์‚ฐํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2017๋…„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ด ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” 44,178๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ค‘ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ๋Š” 8,011๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 18.1%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง 32๋ช…, ๋ถ€์ƒ 185๋ช… ๋“ฑ ์ด 217๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฌ์‚ฐํ”ผํ•ด๋Š” ์•ฝ 1047์–ต ์›์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค(1).

2017๋…„๋„ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ 2016๋…„๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฑด์ˆ˜ 448๊ฑด(5.9%) ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์ธ๋ช…ํ”ผํ•ด 111๋ช… ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์žฌ์‚ฐํ”ผํ•ด 420์–ต ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(1). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ ์ค‘ ๋ฐฐ์„  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ™”ํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” 2,597๊ฑด(32.4%)์ด๊ณ , ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ™”ํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” 1,189๊ฑด(14.8%)์ด๋‹ค(1). ๋ฐฐ์„  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ™”ํ•œ 2,597๊ฑด์„ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์˜ฅ๋‚ด๋ฐฐ์„ ์˜ ์ „์„ ์—์„œ 661๊ฑด(25.5%)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์šฉ ์ „์„  ๋ฐ ์ฝ”๋“œ์—์„œ 600๊ฑด(23.1%)์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ธ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” 384๊ฑด(14.8%)์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(1). ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ(Socket-outlets) ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ”ผ๋กœ๋ˆ„์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ์‹ค๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด์™€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์ €ํ•ญ(Contact resistance)์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด 16A ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ(Withdrawal force) ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ถœ ์ผ€์ด์Šค์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์› ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด(Socket-contacts) ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์žฌ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ถœ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ 1์ฐจ ์ธก์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 15โˆผ16A๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  20A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์— ์•ˆ์ „๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ค‘์š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ 20A ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—์„œ IEC 60884๏ผ1 ํ‘œ์ค€์˜ 16A ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ 20A ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋„์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ KS C IEC 60884๏ผ1์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์šฉ๋„์˜ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ, 2002๋…„๋„ ํ‘œ์ค€๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€(IEC 60884๏ผ1)์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋‹ค(2). ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—…ํ‘œ์ค€ KS C 8305๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์„ ์šฉ ๊ฝ‚์Œ ์ ‘์†๊ธฐ๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค(3). ์ „๊ธฐ์šฉํ’ˆ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ KC 60884-1์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์šฉ๋„์˜ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ ๋ฐ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ KC ์ธ์ฆ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(4).

KS C IEC 60884-1, 22.2ํ•ญ์˜ ํ‘œ 16์€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํž˜์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ์ ‘์ด‰๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋…ธํ™” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜ 16A ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ํ•€ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ 50N์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 1์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ์‹œํ—˜ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋‹ค.

Table 1. Withdrawal force test

์ •๊ฒฉ

๊ทน์ˆ˜

์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ N

๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ ํ•€

๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์ตœ๋Œ€

์‹ฑ๊ธ€ ํ•€

๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์ตœ์†Œ

์‹ฑ๊ธ€ ํ•€

๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์ตœ๋Œ€

16A ์ดํ•˜

2

50

2.0

18

(1N=0.102kgf)

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 10โˆผ11๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™€ ์น˜์ˆ˜์™€ ํŒ ๋‘๊ป˜(7โˆผ8mm)๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์€ ์—…์ฒด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ตญ์™ธ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—…์ฒด์˜ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Components inside socket-outlets
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2019.33.7.027/fig1.png

๋Œ€ํ•œ์ „๊ธฐํ˜‘ํšŒ ๋‚ด์„ ๊ทœ์ • ํ‘œ 3315-8์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€œ๋ถ„๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ์ ‘์† ์ˆ˜๊ตฌ๋Š” 20A ๋ฐฐ์„ ์šฉ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ์— ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜ 20A ์ดํ•˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹คโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ˜„์‹ค์€ 20A ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค(5-7). ํ‘œ 2๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ์— ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค.

Table 2. Socket-outlets connected to branch circuits

๋ถ„๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜(A)

15A ๋ถ„๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ

15 ์ดํ•˜

20A ๋ฐฐ์„ ์šฉ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ

20 ์ดํ•˜

KOSHA GUIDE E-97-2011. ํ‘œ 1์—์„œ โ€œ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ ๊ฒ€์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด์‹œ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์‹œโ€๋Š” ์ €์••์—์„œ 10โˆผ15๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ค์น˜์—ฐ๋„ ํ‘œ์‹œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์—†์–ด ๊ต์ฒด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(8).

KOSHA GUIDE E-31-2014. 5ํ•ญ, 10ํ•ญ์—์„œ โ€œ๋ฐฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •๋น„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€์นจโ€์€ ํŒŒ์† ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์†์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ต์ฒด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์€ ์—†๋‹ค(9).

3. ๊ธฐ์กด 6์ข…์˜ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ํŠน์„ฑ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋น„๊ต

3.1 ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน ์‹œํ—˜

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ 250V, ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜ 16A์˜ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ 6์ข…์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ „๋ฅ˜ 20A ์œ ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ์ค€์€ KS C IEC 60884๏ผ1์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 20A ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœํ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ‰๊ท  ์ฃผ์œ„์˜จ๋„ 18.8โ„ƒ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœํ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์•• 275V(์ •๊ฒฉ 1.1๋ฐฐ), ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜ 25A(์ •๊ฒฉ 1.25๋ฐฐ), $\cos\theta =0.6$์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์— ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋นผ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„๋‹น 15ํšŒ(30 ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํฌ) ์†๋„๋กœ 50ํšŒ(100 ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํฌ) ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ์ •์ƒ ๊ฐœํ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์•• 250V, ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜ 20A, $\cos\theta =0.8$์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์— ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋นผ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„๋‹น 15ํšŒ(30 ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํฌ) ์†๋„๋กœ 5,000ํšŒ(10,000 ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํฌ) ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(2). ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋นผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.

A์‚ฌโˆผC์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—…์ฒด์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฉฐ D์‚ฌโˆผF์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ตญ์™ธ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 3์€ ์ ‘์† ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœํ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ „, ํ›„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

Table 3. Result of withdrawal force test before and after opening plug

์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ

A์‚ฌ

B์‚ฌ

C์‚ฌ

D์‚ฌ

E์‚ฌ

F์‚ฌ

ํ‰๊ท 

๋‹จ์œ„ kgf

๊ฐœํ ์ „

2.5

2.7

1.8

1.8

2.1

2.1

2.17

๊ฐœํ ํ›„

1.1

1.1

1.3

0.7

1.5

1.5

1.20

๋ณ€๋™ ๊ฐ’

1.4

1.6

0.5

1.1

0.6

0.6

0.97

A์‚ฌโˆผF์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐœํ์‹œํ—˜ ํ›„, ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 44.7% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์€ 49.8% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ตญ์™ธ๊ธฐ์—…์€ 38.5% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์ด ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜จ๋„ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์˜ ์ •์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๋ฅ˜(20A, 8์‹œ๊ฐ„)๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 45K(์ฃผ์œ„์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ฐ’)๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„์ธก์ •์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด ๊ธˆ์†์ฒด์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜จ๋„์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 4๋Š” ์—…์ฒด๋ณ„ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

Table 4. Result of temperature rise test

์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ

์ดˆ๊ธฐ

1์‹œ๊ฐ„

2์‹œ๊ฐ„

3์‹œ๊ฐ„

4์‹œ๊ฐ„

5์‹œ๊ฐ„

6์‹œ๊ฐ„

7์‹œ๊ฐ„

8์‹œ๊ฐ„

์˜จ๋„ โ„ƒ(์ฃผ์œ„์˜จ๋„ ํฌํ•จ)

A์‚ฌ

18.9

51.8

54.9

59.2

62.9

64.4

64.7

64.6

64.7

B์‚ฌ

19.2

51.1

54.1

57.0

60.1

62.4

63.9

65.0

65.1

C์‚ฌ

18.9

50.7

53.9

57.1

59.9

62.4

63.7

64.0

64.1

ํ‰๊ท 

โ€œ#1โ€

19.00

51.20

54.30

57.77

60.97

63.07

64.10

64.53

64.63

D์‚ฌ

18.3

45.1

42.1

43.1

43.5

43.8

44.1

44.2

44.1

E์‚ฌ

18.6

42.0

42.6

42.9

43.1

43.7

44.2

44.4

44.4

F์‚ฌ

18.9

42.5

43.4

43.9

44.3

44.6

44.7

44.6

44.8

ํ‰๊ท 

โ€œ#2โ€

18.60

43.20

42.70

43.30

43.63

44.03

44.33

44.40

44.43

์œ„ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ›„, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—…์ฒด ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ตญ์™ธ์—…์ฒด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน ํ‰๊ท ์€ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 19.8โ„ƒ๋กœ ๊ตญ์™ธ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ํ•˜๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—…์ฒด ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ์™ธ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์—ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ์ด ์‰ฝ๋„๋ก ํ†ตํ’์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Temperature test graph
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2019.33.7.027/fig2.png

3.2 ๊ฐœํ ํ•œ๊ณ„์‹œํ—˜

๊ตญ๋‚ด 16A ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ 16A๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœํ ํ•œ๊ณ„์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งค์ž…ํ˜• 16A์˜ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์— 18A($\cos\theta =0.8$)์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐœํ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ „์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ „๋‹จ(1์ฐจ)์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜ 20A ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฝ(Trip)๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ๊ฐœํ ์‹œ ํ™”์žฌ๋กœ ์ „์†Œ๋œ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐœํ ์‹œ ํ™”์žฌ๋กœ ์ „์†Œ๋œ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ

Fig. 3. Test result
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2019.33.7.027/fig3.png

3.3 ์—ฐ์†์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์‹œํ—˜

์—ฐ์†์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 250V, 16A ๋…ธ์ถœ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์— 20A($\cos\theta =0.8$) ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์† 50์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ด์ƒ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. 50-hour test result
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2019.33.7.027/fig4.png

์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ 1์ฐจ ์ธก์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜ 20A ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. KS C IEC 60884๏ผ1 ํ‘œ์ค€์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งค์ž…์ด๋‚˜ ๋…ธ์ถœ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ์ „๋ฌดํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—…ํ‘œ์ค€ KS C 8305 5.2 ํ•ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ผ๋ฐ˜์€ 4๊ตฌ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์— ํ“จ์ฆˆ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๋™๋“ฑ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜(์ˆ˜๋™๋ณต๊ท€ํ˜•)๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์šฉํ’ˆ ์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ KC 60884-1, 14.26 ํ•ญ์€ ์ด๋™ํ˜• ๋…ธ์ถœ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ 4๊ตฌ ์ด์ƒ ์‹œ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์žฅ์น˜(์ˆ˜๋™๋ณต๊ท€ํ˜•)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์› ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์–‘๊ทน์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 3๊ตฌ ์ดํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •ํ˜• ๋…ธ์ถœ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ 4๊ตฌ ์ด์ƒ์— ํ•œํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ ์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†๋‹ค.

4. ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋ฐœ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ถœ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ๋ณ€ํ˜•์€ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ์ƒ์‹ค์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 16A์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธˆ์† ๋‹จ์ž(์นผ๋ฐ›์ด) ํญ์ด 4mm(๋‘๊ป˜ 0.7t)์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์—ด ์‹œ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰์ €ํ•ญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ถœ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ๊ธˆ์† ์žฌ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋‹จ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„  ์ „, ํ›„ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ถœ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ๋ฐ ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด ํ˜•์ƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 5. Socket-outlets base and socket-contacts shape
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2019.33.7.027/fig5.png

์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์™€ ์ „์„ ์˜ ์ ‘์†์€ ๊ฐ•ํŒ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์„ ์„ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 16A๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณผํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ž„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ฒญ๋™(C5210 1/2H 0.7t)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋Š” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋„์ „์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™ ๋ฐ ํ™ฉ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋„์ „์œจ์€ ๋†’์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด ๊ฐœํ ์‹œ ์•„ํฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์†์ด ๋…น๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 5๋Š” ์žฌ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์ „์œจ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค.

Table 5. ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”

์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ช…

๋„์ „์œจ(%)

๊ฒฝ๋„(Hv)

C1100 ๋™ 1/2H

97

85๏ฝž100

C2680 ํ™ฉ๋™ 1/2H

26

115๏ฝž135

C5210 ์ธ์ฒญ๋™ 1/2H

15

160๏ฝž180

Conductivity and hardness of materials

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„์ „์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ ์žฌ์งˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œ์ž‘, ๊ฐœํ, ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ฒญ๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ C2680 ํ™ฉ๋™ 1/2H๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ์žฌ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์••์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ C2680 ํ™ฉ๋™ 1/2H 0.8t ์™€ 0.9t๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋กค ์••์—ฐํ•˜์—ฌ 0.7t๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. C2680 ํ™ฉ๋™ 1/2H 0.8t๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•œ ํ™ฉ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋Š” 147.4(Hv)์ด๊ณ  0.9t๋ฅผ ์••์—ฐํ•œ ํ™ฉ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋Š” 158.9(Hv)๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” 3.1ํ•ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 6์€ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „๋ฅ˜ 20A ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

Table 6. Result of 20A temperature rise test

๋น„๊ต

์ดˆ๊ธฐ

1

์‹œ๊ฐ„

2

์‹œ๊ฐ„

3

์‹œ๊ฐ„

4

์‹œ๊ฐ„

5

์‹œ๊ฐ„

6

์‹œ๊ฐ„

7

์‹œ๊ฐ„

8

์‹œ๊ฐ„

์••์—ฐ ์ „

์••์—ฐ ํ›„

์˜จ๋„ โ„ƒ(์ฃผ์œ„์˜จ๋„ ํฌํ•จ)

C2680 ํ™ฉ๋™1/2H

0.8t

C2680 ํ™ฉ๋™1/2H

์••์—ฐ 0.7t

โ€œA Typeโ€

17.0

34.2

45.0

47.1

53.0

54.4

54.8

55.5

55.7

C2680 ํ™ฉ๋™1/2H

0.9t

C2680 ํ™ฉ๋™1/2H

์••์—ฐ 0.7t

โ€œB Typeโ€

17.0

39.0

46.7

51.9

55.2

55.9

56.4

56.5

56.8

์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ 2์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์œ„์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ƒ์Šน๋ถ„์ด 45K๋ฅผ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 250V, 20A๊ธ‰ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. Photo of developed socket-outlets
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2019.33.7.027/fig6.png

๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„  ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ 7์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฉ์—ด ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ์„  ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ์ „๋„์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 7. Compare of test results before and after improvement

๋น„๊ต

์ดˆ๊ธฐ

1

์‹œ๊ฐ„

2

์‹œ๊ฐ„

3

์‹œ๊ฐ„

4

์‹œ๊ฐ„

5

์‹œ๊ฐ„

6

์‹œ๊ฐ„

7

์‹œ๊ฐ„

8

์‹œ๊ฐ„

์˜จ๋„ โ„ƒ(์ฃผ์œ„์˜จ๋„ ํฌํ•จ)

๊ตญ๋‚ดํ‰๊ท  โ€œ#1โ€

19.00

51.20

54.30

57.77

60.97

63.07

64.10

64.53

64.63

๊ตญ์™ธํ‰๊ท  โ€œ#2โ€

18.60

43.20

42.70

43.30

43.63

44.03

44.33

44.40

44.43

๊ฐœ์„  โ€œA Typeโ€

17.00

34.20

45.00

47.10

53.00

54.40

54.80

55.50

55.70

๊ฐœ์„  โ€œB Typeโ€

17.00

39.00

46.70

51.90

55.20

55.90

56.40

56.50

56.80

๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐœํ ์ „, ํ›„ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” 11.3%์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ดํ›„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ตญ์™ธ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์€ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  25.83โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ œํ’ˆ์€ 45.63โ„ƒ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์„  A Type์€ 38.7โ„ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์™ธ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ 12.87โ„ƒ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ „, ํ›„ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 7. Temperature rise graph before and after improvement
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2019.33.7.027/fig7.png

๊ตญ๋‚ด์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„  A Type์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” 6.93โ„ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  15.19% ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ 2์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœํ์‹œํ—˜ ์ „, ํ›„ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์€ 28.6%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ „๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ์‹ค๋˜๋ฉด ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด์™€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์˜ 1์ฐจ ์ธก์— ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 16A๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  20A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์— ์•ˆ์ „๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ 20A ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ํ›„ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ์™€ ์ „์„  ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํŒ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ž„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์…‹์งธ, ์žฌ์งˆ์„ ์ธ์ฒญ๋™์—์„œ ์••์—ฐ ํ™ฉ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋„์œจ์„ 42.3% ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๋„(158.9 Hv)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋„ท์งธ, ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์— ๊ธˆ์† ๋‹จ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์นผ๋ฐ›์ด ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 4kgf๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ƒ์Šน์€ 20A ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ ํ‘œ์ค€(45K ์ดํ•˜)์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋„์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ์—๋„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ œํ’ˆ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก 20A๊ธ‰ Prototype ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ์—๋„ 1์ฐจ ์ธก์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ˜‘์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋œ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ์ฝ˜์„ผํŠธ(250V/20A)๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์ธ๋ช…ํ”ผํ•ด์™€ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ธ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. (Project No. 20182220200550)

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Biography

Ju-Chul Kim
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He has worked for S-D E&GC Co., Ltd, for 12 years since 2002 and used to be the Chief Executive of R&D Center.

He has been a professor of Chuncheon Campus of Korea Polytechnic University since 2014.

His research interest includes Power system optimization, Quiescent power cut-off and Human electric shock. He published many papers on ELCB(Earth Leakage Circuit-Breakers), Human body protection against electric shock, Improvement of SPD, Quiescent power cut-off, and etc., in Journal of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers.

Sang-Joong Lee
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He proposed โ€˜Angle reference transposition in power flow computationโ€™ on IEEE Power Engineering Review in 2002, which describes that the loss sensitivities for all generators including the slack bus can be derived by specific assignment of the angle reference on a bus where no generation exists, while the angle reference has been specified conventionally on the slack bus.

He applied these loss sensitivities derived by โ€˜Angle reference transpositionโ€™ to โ€˜Penalty factor calculation in ELD computationโ€™ [IEEE Power Engineering Review 2002], โ€˜Optimal MW generation for system loss minimizationโ€™ [IEEE Trans 2003, 2006] and etc.

He worked for Korea Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO) for 22 years since 1976, mostly at Power System Research Center.

He has been a professor of Seoul National University of Science and Technology since 1998.

His research interest includes power generation, large power system and engineering mathematics.

He received Ph.D. at Chungnam National University in 1995.