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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Ph.D Course, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Pusan National University, Korea)



Efficiency Map, Electric Bicycle, Flux Switching PMSM, Spoke-type PMSM

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

์ตœ๊ทผ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ(EV, Electric Vehicle)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(1). ๊ธฐ์กด ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์†Œํ˜•ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ๋†’์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋กœ EV์šฉ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ˜• ์ „๋™๊ธฐ(Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, IPMSM)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋  ๋•Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1ํ†ค์˜ ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ •์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 6,300๋งŒ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์˜ ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฅดํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์‚ฐ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ํ ๊ฐ€์Šค, 20๋งŒ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ์ˆ˜, 1.4ํ†ค์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๊ณต์—…ํ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค(2). ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์€ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ œํ•œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํƒˆ ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” EV์šฉ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ํŽ˜๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์† ์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜• ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํŽ˜๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์€ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŽ˜๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ž์† ๊ต๋ฒˆ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ(Flux switching permanent magnet, FSPM)์™€ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์† ์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜• ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ์ž์†์ด ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ ‘์„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์†์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œ์ผœ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŽ˜๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ทน๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒํ† ๋ฅ˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์„ ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํŽ˜๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ž์†์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜• ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋กœ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์šด์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์šฉ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์šฉ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ์žฅ๋‹จ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์šฉ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Basic Design Follow of Motors
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig1.png

2.1 ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‚ฐ์ •

์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์™€ ํƒ‘์Šน์ž์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ, ๋ฐ”ํ€ด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฉด์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์–‘๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์— ์„ฑ์ธ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฉด์€ ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 1์— ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์† ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์€ ์‹ (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)
$P=P_{rolling}+P_{air-drag}+P_{slope}+P_{accelation}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $P_{rolling}$์€ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด์— ๋‹ฟ์œผ๋ฉด ํšŒ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , $P_{air-drag}$๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฃผํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šด์ „์ž์™€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  $P_{slope}$๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ฉด์„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ $P_{accelation}$๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์†ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 1์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์‹ (1)์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์˜ ์†๋„๋ณ„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ 15ยฐ์—์„œ 53Nm์™€ 53rpm์„ ํ‰์ง€ ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ 0ยฐ์—์„œ 4Nm์™€ 400rpm ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 1. Specification of Load for Electric Bike

Specification

Value

Unit

์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ

100

kg

์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด ์ง€๋ฆ„

16

inch

์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ

15

deg.

์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์†๋„

4

km/h

ํ‰์ง€์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋„

30

km/h

2.2 ๊ธฐ์–ด๋น„ ์„ ์ •

๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์ œ์•ฝ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด๋™์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์†๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ์†๊ธฐ์–ด๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Load Curve as a Climbing Angle
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ 15ยฐ์™€ 0ยฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์†๋„์˜ ๋น„๋Š” 1:7.5๋กœ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋„“์€ ์šด์ „์˜์—ญ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๊ฐ์ž ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ์ž์† ์šด์ „์˜์—ญ์€ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์†๋„์˜ 2-3๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ธฐ์–ด๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์€ 0-150rpm์˜ ๊ณ ํ† ํฌ ์ €์†์˜์—ญ์—์„œ 1๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฅผ, ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ 150-400rpm์˜ ์ €ํ† ํฌ ๊ณ ์†์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋น„๋ฅผ 40:1๋กœ 2๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋น„๋ฅผ 15:1๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ค ๊ตฌ๋™ ์‹œ์˜ ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ž ์šด์ „์˜์—ญ์„ ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ๊ธฐ์–ด ํšจ์œจ์„ 92%๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ •๋œ ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ณก์„ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šด์ „๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

Fig. 3. Load Curve of Motors as a Climbing Angle, Using Gears
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig3.png

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •๊ฒฉ ํ† ํฌ 1.45Nm, ์ •๊ฒฉ ์†๋„ 2120rpm, ์ตœ๊ณ  ์†๋„ 6000rpm์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋ฐ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

3. FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4(a)๋Š” 12์Šฌ๋กฏ 10๊ทน์˜ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ •์ž์— ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ฒ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.1 ๊ณ ์ •์ž ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ทนํ˜ธ๊ฐ ์„ ์ •

FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์—ญ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ทนํ˜ธ๊ฐ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4(b)๋Š” FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ทน์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐ๋„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $\beta_{m}$, $\beta_{s}$, $\beta_{r}$์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์—์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๋„, ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ฒ ์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ทนํ˜ธ๊ฐ, ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ฒ ์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ทนํ˜ธ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Table 2. The Final Specifications of motors

Specifications

Unit

Value

์ •๊ฒฉ ํ† ํฌ

Nm

1.45

์ •๊ฒฉ ์†๋„

rpm

2120

์•ฝ๊ณ„์ž ์˜์—ญ

rpm

2120 ~ 6000

DC ๋งํฌ ์ „์••

V

34

๊ณต๊ทน ๊ธธ์ด

mm

0.5

์˜๊ตฌ ์ž์„ ์žฌ์งˆ

-

Ferrite

์˜๊ตฌ ์ž์„ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„

T

0.41

์ฒ ํŒ ์žฌ์งˆ

-

50PN470

์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด $\beta_{m}$์„ 7.5๋„๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ ์‹ฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” $\beta_{s}$์™€ $\beta_{r}$๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” $\beta_{s}$๋ฅผ 7.25๋„, 7.5๋„, 7.75๋„์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ $\beta_{r}$๋ฅผ 6.5๋„์—์„œ 10๋„๊นŒ์ง€ 0.5๋„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์—ญ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์™œ์œจ(Total harmonic distortion, THD)๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ $\beta_{m}$์ด 7.5๋„, $\beta_{s}$๊ฐ€ 7.25๋„, $\beta_{r}$์ด 9.0๋„์ผ ๋•Œ ์—ญ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ THD๊ฐ€ 3.4%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Basic Configuration of the 12/10 FSPM Motor. (a) Cross sectional view, (b) Design key parameters
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig4.png

Fig. 5. THD change of back emf as variables of the FSPM Motor
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig5.png

3.2 FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ์„ ์ •

์•ž์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ทนํ˜ธ๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ์Šฌ๋กฏ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ์Šฌ๋กฏ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„, ๋™์†๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ ์ž ๊ณต๊ทน์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๋™์†์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ํ›„ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํšจ์œจ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์†์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํ† ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(2)
$T=\dfrac{3}{2}\dfrac{ei}{\omega_{m}}=\dfrac{3}{2}(poles)NB_{g}A_{g}i$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $e$๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์—ญ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ, $i$๋Š” ์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜, $N$์€ ์ƒ๋‹น ํ„ด ์ˆ˜, $B_{g}$๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  $A_{g}$๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน์—์„œ ์ž์†์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ , $poles$๋Š” ๊ทน ์Œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ (2)์—์„œ $A_{g}$์™€ ๊ทน ์Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒ์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ„ด ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด $B_{g}$๋งŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด $A_{g}$์™€ $B_{g}$์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(3)
$A_{g}=\dfrac{A_{r}+A_{s}}{2}=\dfrac{R_{r}\beta_{r}+(R_{r}+g)\beta_{s}}{2}$

(4)
$B_{g}=B_{m}\dfrac{A_{m}}{A_{g}}=\dfrac{B_{r}P_{c}}{P_{c}+\mu_{m}}\dfrac{A_{m}}{A_{g}}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $A_{r}$, $A_{s}$, $R_{r}$, $g$๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ทน์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ , ๊ณ ์ •์ž ๊ทน์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ , ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ณต๊ทน ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  $B_{m}$, $A_{m}$, $B_{r}$, $P_{c}$, $\mu_{r}$์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋™์ž‘์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„, ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ , ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„, ํผ๋ฏธ์–ธ์Šค ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”์ผ ํˆฌ์ž์œจ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. Change Slot Area and Magnetic Flux Density of airgap as Change Radius of Rotor (FSPM Motor)
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig6.png

Fig. 7. Copper Loss Change Calculation as Change Radius of Rotor (FSPM Motor)
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig7.png

Fig. 8. Efficiency Change as Change Radius of Rotor (FSPM Motor)
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig8.png

์‹ (4)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์Šฌ๋กฏ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋กฏ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ 27mm ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” PMSM๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์€ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™ ์†์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ ์–‘์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ 27mm ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋™ ์† ์—ญ์‹œ ์ตœ์ €๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋™์† ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒ ์†์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์†์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋œ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ค„๊ณ , ์ž์† ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฒ ์†์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ 27mm ์ด์ƒ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์„ ์˜ ์„ ๊ฒฝ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ž์„  ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ณผ๋Š” FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ ๊ธธ์ด 31mm์—์„œ 92.0%์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM ์„ค๊ณ„

Fig. 9. Basic Configuration of the 12/10 spoke Type IPMSM
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” 12 ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์Šฌ๋กฏ 10๊ทน์˜ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์—ญ๊ธฐ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ค˜๋‹ค.

4.1 ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์„ ์ •

์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ์ฒด์ ๊ณผ ๋™์ž‘์ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(5)
$\Phi_{g}=B_{g}A_{g}=B_{m}A_{m}=\dfrac{B_{r}P_{c}}{P_{c}+\mu_{m}}A_{m}$

$P_{c}=\dfrac{A_{g}l_{m}}{A_{m}g}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $\Phi_{g}$๋Š” ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†, $l_{m}$์€ ์ž์„์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‹ (5)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ž์†์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ž์†์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 10. Magnet Thickness Calculation for Maximum Flux as Radius of Rotor
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig10.png

4.2 IPMSM ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ ์„ ์ •

ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ„ ๋™์† ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Šฌ๋กฏ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„ ์ฒด์ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋™์†์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž 32mm ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ์šฉ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์„ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ 33mm ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํšจ์œจ 93.7%๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5. ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต

์•ž์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์ด FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜๊ตฌ์ž์„์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์„๋Ÿ‰์ด ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์ผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋™์†๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ปค์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž์„๊ณผ ๋™์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 12%์™€ 7%๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ ์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค.

Fig. 11. Analysis of performance as rotor size of IPMSM, (a) Magnetic Flux Density in Slot and air gap (b) Copper Loss, (c) Efficiency
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig11.png

๋‘ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํšจ์œจ๋งต์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ 6ยฐ ์ด์ƒ์ธ 40:1 ๊ธฐ์–ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์† ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 15:1 ๊ธฐ์–ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ์œจ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์ฒ ์† ํŠน์„ฑ์ด FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๋น„๊ตํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ œ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์† ์šด์ „ ์‹œ ๊ณ ํ† ํฌ ์šด์ „์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์†ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๊ณ ์†๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ์† ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์€ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 12. Comparison of Efficinecy map, (a) FSPM motor, (b) spoke type IPMSM motor
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/fig12.png

Table 3. Comparison of properties in rated point

FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ

์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM

์ž์„๋Ÿ‰

kg

1.25

1.43

๋™๋Ÿ‰

kg

0.36

0.38

์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ€๋„

$A/mm^{2}$

5.1

3.8

์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜

A

20.0

17.5

๋™์†

W

18.0

11.1

์ฒ ์†

W

9.9

10.4

ํšจ์œจ

%

92.0

93.8

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์šฉ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋น„์‹ผ ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŽ˜๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•ด ๋‘ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‘œ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ค์ง ๊ณ ์†์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์šด์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋“ฑํŒ๊ฐ 2๋„ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ธธ๋งŒ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์€ ๋ฐœํœ˜๋˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์šฉ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์€ ์Šคํฌํฌ ํ˜• IPMSM์ด FSPM ์ „๋™๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

References

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Biography

Yongha Choo
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/au1.png

He received M.S degree in electrical engineering from Pusan national university, Busan, Korea, in 2019.

He is currently working toward Ph.D. degree. His research interests are design and control of electric motor.

Changhwan Kim
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/au2.png

He received M.S degree in electrical engineering from Pusan national university, Busan, Korea, in 2019.

He is currently working toward Ph.D. degree. His research interests are design and control of electric motor.

Cheewoo Lee
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2021.35.3.016/au3.png

He received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Pusan national university, Busan, Korea, in 1996 and 1998, respectively.

He received Ph.D. in electrical and computer engineering at university, Blacksburg, USA. He is an professor of electrical engineering at Pusan national university.

His research interests include the design of electric machines and their optimal operation.