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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, the Jeonnam Campus of Korea Polytechnic Colleges)
  2. (Application Engineering Specialist, 3M Korea R&D Innovation Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea)



Distribution line, P-Q load, Simplified voltage-power formula, Voltage calculation

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์žก์Œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ญ(EMI)[1]์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ฒญ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ[2]์™€ ์ง„๋™[3]๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์žก์Œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Random PWM[4-6]์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜[3, 6]๋‚˜ PWMํŽ„์Šค์˜ ์œ„์น˜[7, 8]๋ฅผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋žœ๋คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋žœ๋ค PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋žœ๋ค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™์—์„œ ์†Œ์Šค ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ์••์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์—์„œ ์„ ํ˜•์ผ์น˜๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ(LCG)[2, 9]๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. LCG๋Š” ๋žœ๋ค ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์น˜๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋žœ๋ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ์„ ์ •์— ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[2, 11].

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋žœ๋ค ์ˆ˜ ํš๋“๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์นด์˜ค์Šค(Chaos)ํ˜„์ƒ[10, 13-15]์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์นด์˜ค์Šค๋ž€ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” 1975๋…„ ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์š”ํฌ[13]๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ข…์ „์˜ LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ Random PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ํ™•์‚ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒํ™•์‚ฐ์ง€์ˆ˜(HSF)[2]์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, HSF๊ฐ€ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์žก์Œ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ(Logistic map)[10], ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ(Tenet map)[11], 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ(Double tenet map)[12]์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜(Chaotic numbers)๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ›„, ์นด์˜ค์Šค PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ Random PWM๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ DSP๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ 1.5kW๊ธ‰ 3์ƒ ์œ ๋„์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ DSP๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ MAX038 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜=3kHzยฑ1kHz, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ f=60Hz, 2.5A๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ, ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ํ™•์‚ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ง€์ˆ˜ M์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ HSF๋กœ ๋น„๊ต ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์‚ฌ์ƒ

์นด์˜ค์Šค๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ƒํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์ฒดํ˜„์ƒ ๋“ฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ, ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ, 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋“ฑ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ด๋ก ์„ ํŽ„์Šคํญ ๋ณ€์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค.

2.1. ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ(Logistic Map)

๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ฐจ๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด (1)์„ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŽ˜์–ดํ›Œ์ŠคํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ธ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค[10].

(1)
$x_{n+1}= ax_{n}(1-x_{n})$

์ดˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ $x_{0}$์—์„œ ์ œ์–ด๋ณ€์ˆ˜ a๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ $x_{n}$์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด Fig. 1์ด ์–ป์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ œ์–ด๋ณ€์ˆ˜ a๊ฐ€ 1๊ณผ 3์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ํ•œ ์ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ 3์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ a๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ $x_{n}$๊ณผ 1-$x_{n}$์˜ ํ•ญ์ด ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ณผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌดํ•œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ„๊ธฐํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ œ์–ด๋ณ€์ˆ˜ a=4.0์ธ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Bifurcation tree of the logistic map (2.8<a<4.0)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig1.png

Fig. 2๋Š” ์ด๋•Œ์˜ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 1์˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ณ€์ˆ˜ a=4.0์ธ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์˜์—ญ์€ Fig. 2(b)์—์„œ โ€œChaotic stateโ€๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ 2์ฐจ์› ํ‰๋ฉด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด Fig. 2(a)์˜ ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํ‰๋ฉด ์†์— ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ Fig. 2(a)์˜ a=4.0์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Distribution gragh of the generated chaos number according to the periods (a)Generated chaos number (b)Bifurcation process

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig2.png

2.2. ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ(Tent Map)

์นด์˜ค์Šค์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์–‘์ƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€(Period Doubling)ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 3-4์˜ ๋ถ„๊ธฐํŠธ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ (2)-(4)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ 0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ$|$์น˜ $x_{0}$ (0โ‰ค$x_{0}$โ‰ค1)์™€ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ฮป (0โ‰คฮปโ‰ค1)์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ $x_{n+1}$์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ $x_{n+1}$๊ณผ $x_{n}$๋Š” (2)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง„๋‹ค[11].

(2)
$X_{n+1}=\lambda(1-2 |X_{n}-\dfrac{1}{2}|)$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ (2)์€ $x_{n}$=0.5์—์„œ $x_{n+1}$=1์ธ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ…ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” (3), (4)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

(3)
$X_{n+1}=2\lambda X_{n}$ if 0<$x_{n}$<0.5
(4)
$X_{n+1}=2\lambda(1-X_{n})$ if 0.5โ‰ค$x_{n}$<1

Fig. 3. Bifurcation tree of the tent map with different ฮป

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig3.png

Fig. 4. Tent map with different ฮป

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig4.png

์‹(3), (4)์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ฮป=0.5์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ฮป=ฮปc=0.71๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ์นด์˜ค์Šค ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ฮป=ฮปc=0.71์˜ ์ž„๊ณ„์ƒํƒœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ฮป=0.99๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ฮป๊ฐ€ 0.71๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 0.99๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ $x_{n}$์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ ์  0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ฮป๊ฐ€ 0.99๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด $x_{n}$์€ 0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ฮป๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ „ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 71%๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ $x_{n}$์€ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ „์ด๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2.3. 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ(Double Tent Map)

์‹(2)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ง„ํ™”์–‘์ƒ์€ (5), (6)์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ[12]์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ง„ํ™”์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(5)
$X_{n+1}=\lambda(1-4 vert X_{n}-\dfrac{1}{4}vert)$(0<$x_{n}$<0.5)
(6)
$X_{n+1}=\lambda(1-4 vert X_{n}-\dfrac{3}{4}vert)$(0.5โ‰ค$x_{n}$<1)

(5), (6)๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด $x_{n}$=0.25์™€ $x_{n}$=0.75์—์„œ $x_{n+1}$์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ํ…ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” (7)-(10)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

(7)
$X_{n+1}=4\lambda X_{n}$ if 0<$x_{n}$<0.25
(8)
$X_{n+1}=4\lambda(0.5-X_{n})$ if 0.25โ‰ค$x_{n}$<0.5
(9)
$X_{n+1}=4\lambda(X_{n}-0.5)$ if 0.5โ‰ค$x_{n}$<0.75
(10)
$X_{n+1}=4\lambda(1-X_{n})$ if 0.75โ‰ค$x_{n}$<1

Fig. 5๋Š” 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„๊ธฐํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ƒํƒœ ฮป=0.25๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์นด์˜ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž„๊ณ„์ƒํƒœ ฮป=ฮปc=0.35, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  $x_{n}$์ด 0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์นด์˜ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ฮป=0.99๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 5๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ „์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5. Bifurcation tree of the double tent map with different ฮป

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig5.png

Fig. 6์€ (5), (6)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ $x_{n+1}$๊ณผ $x_{n}$์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ฮป=0.25์ธ ํ•œ ์ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ฮป=0.27์ธ ๋‘ ์ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ฮป=0.29์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ผ์ฐจ์› ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ฮป=0.35์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ฮป=0.5์ด ๋˜๋ฉด $x_{n}$=0.5๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ขŒ์ธก ํ…ํŠธ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ฮป=0.5์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ์ธก ํ…ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ฮป=0.99๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ฮป์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ฮป๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 6์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 0๊ณผ 1 ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์ด ํ…ํŠธ๊ฐ€ 2๊ฐœ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. Double Tent map with different $x_{n+1}$ and $x_{n}$

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig6.png

3. ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 7์€ (a)๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ(a=4.0), (b)ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ (c)2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ(ฮป=0.99)์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํšŸ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜์™€ (d)LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ Random ์ˆ˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 8์€ Fig. 7์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜์™€ LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ Random ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $R_{1}$์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ 0.0๏ฝž0.1์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” Random ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ, $R_{10}$์€ 0.9๏ฝž1.0์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” Random ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7. Generated chaotic numbers

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig7.png

Fig. 7(a)์™€ Fig. 8(a)๋Š” ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ(a=4.0)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ 0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜์ธ๋ฐ, 0.5 ๋ถ€๊ทผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” 0๊ณผ 1์ชฝ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 7(b)์™€ Fig. 8(b)๋Š” ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๋Š” 0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ณ ๋ฃจ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜๋‚˜, $R_{1}$์™€ $R_{7}$์—์„œ ํ‰ํƒ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๋Š” 0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 7(c)์™€ Fig. 8(c)๋Š” ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ 0๊ณผ 1์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7(d)์™€ Fig. 8(d)๋Š” ์ข…์ „์˜ Random PWM์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” LCG์˜ ๋žœ๋ค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋žœ๋ค ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ๋žœ๋ค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ข…์ „์˜ LCG์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๋žœ๋ค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ LCG๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์‹์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ•œ๊ณผ ํ•˜ํ•œ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ 0 โˆผ 1 ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜ ํš๋“์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8. Chaotic number distribution [R1(0โ€“0.1), R2(0.1โ€“0.2), R3(0.2โ€“0.3), R4(0.3โ€“0.4), R5(0.4โ€“0.5), R6(0.5โ€“0.6), R7(0.6โ€“0.7), R8(0.7โ€“0.8), R9(0.8โ€“0.9), and R10(0.9โ€“1.0)]

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig8.png

4. ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Fig. 9๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. DSP(TMS320F28335)์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค ์Šค์œ„์นญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 7์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

DSP๋Š” 150MHz์˜ ๊ณ ์† ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๊ณผ 32bit ๋ถ€๋™ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํšŒ๋กœ (ePWM, HRPWM, eCAP, eQEP๋“ฑ)์™€ 6CH์˜ PWM, 12bit 16CH์˜ ADC ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 9. Chaos frequency carrier generator

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig9.png

DSP๋กœ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๋Š” D/A๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ 0๏ฝž27(0๏ฝž127)์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. D/A๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ํ™€๋”๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” D๋ž˜์น˜, MAX038 ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ต๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.

Fig. 10์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Table 1์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋Š” 1.5kW๊ธ‰ 3์ƒ ๋†ํ˜• ์œ ๋„์ „๋™๊ธฐ, ์ „์••ํ˜• ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ DSP (TMS320 F28335)์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ECB(Eddy Current Brake) ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 10. Proposed experiment system

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig10.png

Table 1. Specifications of experimental system

Chaos control variable

a=4.0, ฮป=0.99

PWM method

Chaos PWM, Fixed frequency PWM, Random PWM

f

60Hz

M

0.1โˆผ1.0

$f_{sw}$

3kHzยฑ1kHz, IGBT

Motor

1.5kW, 220V/60Hz, Three-phase squirrel cage induction motor

Power converter

Voltage source inverter

Load

2.5A load using ECB

DSP์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” 3์ƒ ์œ ๋„์ „๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์†๋„ ์ง€๋ น์น˜์™€ ๋งค ์Šค์œ„์นญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋‘ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์˜ค์Šค PWMํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋กœ๋Š” IGBT๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„๋Š” IR2118์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ f=60Hz, 2.5A๋ถ€ํ•˜, ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜=3kHzยฑ1kHz์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ง€์ˆ˜ M(0.1โˆผ1.0)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ LCG๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ข…์ „์˜ Random ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

5. ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

Fig. 11์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด(3kHzยฑ1kHz)๋ฅผ 3kHz ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด์™€ ์ข…์ „์˜ LCG๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ Random ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด(3kHzยฑ1kHz)์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  Fig. 11(a)์˜ ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋Š” 3kHz์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— Fig. 11(b)-(d)์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด์™€ Fig. 11(e)์˜ LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ Random ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋Š” 3kHzยฑ1kHz๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 7โˆผ8์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์˜ค์Šค 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด์™€ LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 12๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (a)๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ 3kHz ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ทธ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ (6kHz, 9kHz)์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜, (b)-(d)์นด์˜ค์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ (e)Random ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ 3kHz์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ยฑ1kHz์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๋Œ€์—ญ ๋˜๋Š” Random ๋Œ€์—ญ์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— EMI์™€ ๊ฐ€์ฒญ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†Œ์Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ง„๋™์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ (b)๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ (c)ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋‚˜, ์•„์ง 3kHz์™€ 4klHz์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด (d)2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ (e)LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ Random ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ ์ • ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•œ 3kHz์™€ 9kHz ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11. Triangular carrier waveforms (X-axis: 400us/div.,Y-axis: 2V/div.)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig11.png

Fig. 12. Spectrum of the triangular carrier (M=0.95)(X-axis: 1kHz/div.,Y-axis: 200mV/div.)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig12.png

Fig. 13์€ 3์ƒ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ A์ƒ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŒŒํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์„œ,(b)-(d)์นด์˜ค์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ (e)Random ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์€ (a)๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. Fig. 14๋Š” 3์ƒ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ A์ƒ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „์•• ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. (a)๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ 3kHz ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ทธ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ (6kHz, 9kHz)์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (b)๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ (c)ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ Fig. 12(b)-(c)์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ 3kHz์™€ 4kHz์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— (d)2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ (e)LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ Random๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์€ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ํ™•์‚ฐ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์€ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€์ฒญ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†Œ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„๋™์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 13. Outrput voltage and curret waveforms(M=0.95)(Voltage:250V/div.,Current:5A/div.)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig13.png

Fig. 14. Spectrum of the output voltage(M=0.95)(X-axis: 1kHz/div.Y-axis: 200mV/div.)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig14.png

Table 2๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์˜ %์ด๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์™œํ˜•๋ฅ (%THD)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์กฐ์ง€์ˆ˜ M์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ %THD๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„(60Hz)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์ผํ•œ M์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” Random๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ %THD์—๋Š” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„“์€ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ๋•Œ %THD์— ๋ฏธ์†Œํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 3์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒํ™•์‚ฐ์ง€์ˆ˜(HSF)[2]๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. HSF๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ํ™•์‚ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ์„œ HSF๊ฐ€ 0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์žก์Œ ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ HSF๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋ฉฐ, HSF๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ LCG๋Š” 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ HSF์™€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค. M์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด HSF๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ M=0.8๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 15๋Š” ๋ณ€์กฐ์ง€์ˆ˜ M์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณ„ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Random๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋‘ M์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” Random ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 3kHzยฑ1kHz ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ PWM๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†์‹ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋œ SiC๋‚˜ GaN๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

Table 2. Comparison of %THD for the voltage

M

Fixed

Logistic

Tent

Double

tent

LCG

1.0

67.1

68.1

68.8

68.8

69.5

0.8

91.5

92.4

92.8

93.4

93.8

0.6

119.4

120.2

120.5

121.7

121.4

0.4

154.7

155.2

155.8

156.6

156.2

0.2

245.6

246.2

246.6

247.7

247.5

Table 3. Comparison of HSF for the voltage

M

Fixed

Logistic

Tent

Double

tent

LCG

1.0

6.9

6.2

6.4

3.8

3.9

0.8

7.6

7.1

8.4

5.8

5.7

0.6

8.9

7.5

8.1

5.7

5.8

0.4

10.5

7.1

7.6

4.5

4.4

0.2

14.8

6.5

6.9

4.1

4.1

Fig. 15. Output voltage of each method according to the modulation index M

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/fig15.png

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ, ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋ฐ 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ LCG๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Random PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ณ ์ •์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Random๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ LCG๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Random ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ๊ฐ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 0๊ณผ 1๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” a=4.0๊ณผ ฮป=0.99์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด DSP๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ 3์ƒ ์œ ๋„์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Random ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜๋Š” DSP์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, DSP๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ Random์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ MAX038๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Random ๋ฐ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 3kHz ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ ์บ๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์— ์žˆ๋˜ 3kHz์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ 3kHzยฑ1kHz์˜ ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ Random ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์นด์˜ค์Šค ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ํ™•์‚ฐ์—๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์นด์˜ค์Šค 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ LCG์— ์˜ํ•œ Random PWM๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ํ™•์‚ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณ€์กฐ์ง€์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์˜ %THD์™€ HSF๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํƒ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์˜ค์Šค 2์ค‘ ํ…ํŠธ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ Random ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ %THD์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‚˜, HSF์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ „์ฒ  ๋ฐ KTX๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒฌ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ๊ฒฌ์ธ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†Œ์Œ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๊ฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

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Biography

Keun-Woo Han
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/au1.png

He received the B.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Sehan University, Chonnam, Korea, in 2004, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea in 2006 and 2016. He has worked for the Power Lab, LG Innotek Co., Ltd. as a Senior Research Engineer, Korea 2005 to 2010. He has worked for the Home Appliance Business Division, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. as a Senior Research Engineer, Korea 2010 to 2013. From 2013 to 2019, he has worked for JIAT, Korea, where he is a Senior Research Engineer with the Smart Electrical System R&D Group. Since 2019, he has been working as an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Jeonnam Campus of Korea Polytechnic Colleges. His current research interests include system design of inverter and converters, sensorless scheme based electric drives, control theory of machine learning. wireless power transfer system.

Jun-Hyeoung Kim
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/au2.png

He was born in Chonnam, Korea, in 1973. He received the B.S. and the M.S degrees in electrical engineering from Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju, Korea, in 1998, and 2005. He is currently working for 3M Korea Ltd., Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. His current research interests include power electronics, random PWM scheme based on the motor drives.

Young-Gook Jung
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.5.027/au3.png

Young-Gook Jung was born in Gwang-ju, Korea. He received the B.S., the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju, Korea, in 1986, 1988 and 1996, respectively. He is currently an Associate Professor, Division of Liberal Arts(Engineering), Sehan University, Youngam-Geun, Chonnam, Korea. His current research interests include system design of Z-source inverter and converters, random PWM scheme based electric drives, control theory of active power filters and dynamic voltage restorers, power quality problems and solutions. Dr. Jung received several Prize Paper Awards from the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Korean Institute of Power Electronics, and the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers of Korea.