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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Reasercher, Korea Electric Engineers Association, Korea)
  2. (Director, Korea Electric Engineers Association, Korea)



Big data/AI, Institutional improvement, Online status determination, Risk precursor prediction, Uninterruptible diagnosis

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„๋Š” 1970โˆผ80๋…„๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 20โˆผ30๋…„ ์ •๋„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํญ๋ฐœ์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™” ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€โ€ง๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ž‘์—… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์šฉ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. 2019๋…„โˆผํ˜„์žฌ, ์ „์ฒด ํ™”์žฌ ์ค‘ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์š”์ธ์ด 20.3%๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์ค‘ ์„ค๋น„ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์›์ธ์ธ 68.9%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[1].

์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฒฝ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—… 2,018๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ์ •์ „ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„์œ โ€งํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ 3์ดˆ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ •์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด๋„ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” 2์–ต7,600๋งŒ์›์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ˆ˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€ 2์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ •์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œํ™”์„์œ , ์—ฌ์ฒœNCC๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์ค‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ 1,000์–ต ์›๋Œ€์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[2].

์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜โ€ง๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฐฐ์„ ์˜ ๊ณผ์—ด๊ณผ ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์—ดํ™”, ๋‹จ๋ฝ, ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜, ์ ‘์ด‰๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰(๋˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ), ๋ˆ„์ „ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ™”์žฌ์ •๋ณด์„ผํ„ฐ) ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด๊ทœ์ •์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์šด์ „ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” CBM(Condition Based Maintenance)์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์—ดํ™”์ธก์ •๋ฒ•, ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•, ์„ค๋น„์ง„๋‹จ ์˜จ๋„๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ˆ™์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ˆ™์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค[3].

ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ ์ƒํƒœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด, ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ด๋ ฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „ ํ™•๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์žฌ์‚ฐ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ์ธ๋ช… ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ์—ฐ์— ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด IoT ๋ฐ AI๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„์ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ์ทจ์•ฝ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ค๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ Test-bed์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์— ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์ „ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ œ์  ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ

2.1 ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ์ž„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ 3๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฒ•์ • ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ 2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ์ง๋ฌด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ํ›„ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” BM (Breakdown Maintenance)์—์„œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์ผ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” TBM(Time Based Maintenance)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„ผ์„œ ๋ฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜ˆ์ง€โ€ง๋ณด์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ์‹œ์ธ CBM(Condition Based Maintenance)๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋œ RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[4].

์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™์— ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์ผ์ƒ์ ๊ฒ€, ์ •๊ธฐ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ Fig. 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Electrical equipment safety management system

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/fig1.png

ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜โ€ง๋ฐฐ์ „์„ค๋น„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด 7,500์—ฌ ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ˆ˜โ€ง๋ฐฐ์ „์šฉ ๊ฐœํ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ COS์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ 14.7%์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ, ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋ณ€์„ฑ๊ธฐ, ์ธ์ž…์„ ๋กœ, ์ „๋ ฅํ“จ์ฆˆ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ๋‹ค[5].

ํŠนํžˆ, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฏธ๋น„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ •์ „์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ ์ œ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ ๊ฒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธก์ •์žฅ๋น„์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ(๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ๋น„, ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •์žฅ๋น„ ๋“ฑ)๊ณผ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์ œํ’ˆ(๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค[6].

Fig. 2. Concept of power facility management technology

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2.2 ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์šฉ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ๋ถ„์•ผ

์ €โ€งํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ™”์‹œ์„ค ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ด๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•, ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต ๋ฐ ์ €โ€งํŠน๊ณ ์•• ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ„์ธก์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์ด๊ธฐ์ข… ํ†ตํ•ฉ IoT ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„(๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ, MOF, ๋ชจ์„  ๋ฐ ์ ‘์†์žฌ)์˜ ์—ดํ™” ์ทจ์•ฝ ์ง€์ ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ(์ •๋ณด)๋ฅผ ์„ผ์‹ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง•ํ›„ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์„  ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท(IoT) ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. Sensor node๋Š” ์„ผ์‹ฑ๋ถ€, MCU, ํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ผ์ฒดํ˜• ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฃผ์š” ์„ผ์‹ฑํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์˜จ๋„(์ ์™ธ์„  ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€), ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ, ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋กœ MCU(Micro Control Unit)๋Š” ์ €์ „๋ ฅํ˜• ์„ผ์„œ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ผ์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์žฅ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ ์šฉ, ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ์ผ์ฒดํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ์š”๋กœ ์ง‘์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์„ผ์„œ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 3. Smart sensor concept diagram

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Fig. 4๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ—˜์ œ๋„ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋Œ€์ฑ…์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญํ™”์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜ํ˜‘ํšŒ์™€ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš ์ค‘์ธ ํ™”์žฌ๋ณดํ—˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์š”์œจ ํ• ์ธ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ œ ๋„์ž… ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ „์ˆ ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ(์•ˆ)์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜„ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „์กฐ์ง ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ž ์žฌ ์œ„ํ—˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹ค์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์œ„ํ—˜์ˆ˜์ค€ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Examples of safety diagnosis guidelines

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2.3 Test-bed ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ•„์š”์„ฑ

๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋„์ž… ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์‹ค์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Test-bed๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๋งˆ๋‹ค์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค์น˜ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[7].

3. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ถ”์ง„์ „๋žต ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

3.1 ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต

ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธํ˜‘ํšŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ESS ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‘œ์ค€ 2์ข…์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ IEC TC120 IEC 62933-4-3 (The protection requirements of BESS according to the environmental conditions and location types) ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์œ„์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๋ฆฌ๋“œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, IEC 62933-4-3(The protection requirements of BESS according to the environmental conditions and location types) ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ IEC ์œ„์› ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋…ธํ™”์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๋‚ด/๊ตญ์ œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ถ”์ง„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ IEC 62933-4-3 ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ NP(์ œ์•ˆ๋ฌธ์„œ) ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ CD(์œ„์›ํšŒ ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ดˆ์•ˆ) ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 5. International electrotechnical commission technical committee 120 : Electrical energy storage system an opening document

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ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ดํ•ฉ 1.5์กฐ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธํ˜‘ํšŒ ์ปจ์†Œ์‹œ์—„์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ AI/Big data ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค.

์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™•๋ณด๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ƒ์šด์ „ ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ฐ€์†์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ง„์ „๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€(๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜ ์˜ˆ : 10์ข… ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ร— ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œ ํ˜• 6๊ฐœ ร— ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํšŒ์ˆ˜ 1๊ฑด(60ํšŒ/์ดˆ) ร— 24๊ฑด(์ผ) ร— 180ํšŒ(6๊ฐœ์›”) โ‰’ 26๋งŒ ๊ฑด), Fig. 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ชจ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ „์กฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ถ„์„, ์‹ค์ฆ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์—ดํ™”์š”์ธ์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„, ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ค๋น„์ธ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐยท์ผ€์ด๋ธ”ยท๊ฐœํ๊ธฐยทMOFยท๋ถ„์ „๋ฐ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. Electric quality data in the KEEA consortium

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์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ค์‹ค๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„(ํŒŒํ˜•, Peak, ํŒจํ„ด, ๋ˆ„์ ํ‰๊ท  ๋“ฑ), ์„ผ์„œ(์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ, ์ „์žํŒŒ, ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰ ์ ์™ธ์„  ์˜จ๋„, ๊ฐ€์†๋„/๋ณ€์œ„, ์ „๋ฅ˜) ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€œ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ปฌ๋ ‰ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“ˆโ€์„ ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ)๋Š” ์ „์šฉ Data Convertor๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ CSV ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— Fig. 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ง‘, ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7. Data linkage, collection, and load flow

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ํ™œ์„ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์••/๋Œ€์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…, ์ด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด์™ธ ์„ ์ง„์—…์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด World Best ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์šฉ์ž ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž์™€ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ปจ์†Œ์‹œ์—„์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์šฉ์ž ๋ถ„์„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ œํ’ˆํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‹œํ—˜์›์—์„œ ์ธ์ฆ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณธ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ K๋งˆํฌ ์ธ์ฆ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ Fig. 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์ฆํš๋“์˜ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8. Certifications supported by Korea Testing Laboratory

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๋˜ํ•œ, ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์ธก์ •์žฅ๋น„, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์žฅ๋น„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์™„์„ฑ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

Table 1. How to overcome danger

์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฆฌ์Šคํฌ

๊ทน๋ณต๊ณ„ํš

์ œํ’ˆ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฏธ๋‹ฌ

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/tb1.png

โฆ ์„ ์ง„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹คํŒจ ํ™•๋ฅ  ์ตœ์†Œํ™”

โฆ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋†’์€ AI ํ•™์Šต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ํ™•๋ณด

โฆ ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ ์‘ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰

ํ•ดํ‚น์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†์‹ค ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/tb1.png

โฆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฑ์—…์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•

โฆ ์นจ์ž… ํƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํฌํ•จ ๋ณด์•ˆ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ํƒ‘์žฌ

๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค ์‹ค์ฆ๊ฐœ์†Œ ์„ ์ •

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/tb1.png

โฆ ์ฃผ๊ด€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ถˆํŠน์ • ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ™•๋ณด ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณด์œ 

ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ ์‹œ ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/tb1.png

โฆ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์‹ค์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ์ž…ํšŒํ•˜์— ์‹œํ–‰

โฆ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ์ž…ํšŒํ•˜์— ์•ˆ์ „์ˆ˜์น™์„ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„ ์‹œํ–‰

โฆ ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋žฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

โฆ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๋“ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ฐธ๊ด€ ์š”์ฒญ ํ›„ ์ง„ํ–‰

ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „์œ„๊ธ‰์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ ค

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/tb1.png

โฆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€์›์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ „๊ตญ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ™•๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‹œ on/off line ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง€์› ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์šด์˜

โฆ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž ๋ฐ ์šด์˜๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ VOC ์ฒญ์ทจ ๋ฐ Review

โฆ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ ์•ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์›น์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋“ฑ ์•Œ๋ฆผ

๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ ํŒ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ „๊ธฐํ˜‘ํšŒ์™€ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ดโ€ง์™ธ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŒ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€, ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„, ์ €โ€ง๊ณ ์•• ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํŒ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋ฐ˜์˜, ์‚ฐโ€งํ•™โ€ง์—ฐโ€ง๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฌธํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค[8].

๋˜ํ•œ, ์ €์••๋ถ„์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ง„๋‹จ์„ผ์„œ(์—ดํ™”์ƒ, ์ ‘์ง€์ €ํ•ญ, ๋‹คํšŒ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ณ„์ธก)๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ €์•• ๋ถ„์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘โ€ง์ „์†ก ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ €์•• ๋ถ„์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ S/W ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ /์žฅ๋น„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜โ€ง๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜/ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ Test-bed ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ ์‹ค์ฆ์˜ ์ „์ดˆ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์  ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค[9].

3.2 ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ณ„

์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์•• ํŒŒํ˜•์˜ 360ยฐ(1 Cycle)๋ฅผ Sampling ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์นด์šดํŒ… ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์—์„œ์˜ Zero Crossing์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์นด์šดํŒ… ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ์„ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ• ์ด๋™ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 16.6ms์˜ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ• ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํšŒ๋กœ ์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ(์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์œ„์ƒ์˜ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ™•๋Œ€)๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด ๊ณ„์ธก ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €ํ•ญ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „์šฉ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ €ํ•ญ ์ธก์ •์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธก์ •์ „์•• ๋ฒ”์œ„๋„ 1,500V๋กœ ๋†’์—ฌ์„œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค.

DC ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •์€ ์ˆ˜mA ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์œ„ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐ›๋Š” Clamp Type์˜ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๋ˆ„์„ค ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ  ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์šฉ Clamp CT ๋ฐ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ €์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ DC 200A ์ดํ•˜ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ • ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ESS ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ DC ์ „๋ฅ˜ 200A~800A์šฉ ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์šฉ Clamp CT ๋ฐ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 9. Test-bed construction system diagram

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/fig9.png

Fig. 10. Transformer example history and diagnosis items

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/fig10.png

ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๊ณ ์••์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„(๊ณ ์•• ๋ชฐ๋“œTR ๋“ฑ)์— ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์ „์žํŒŒ(UHF : Ultra High Frequency) ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๊ณ ์ฒด์ ˆ์—ฐ ๊ณ ์••์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ HFCT(High Frequency Current Transformer) ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์•• ๊ณ ์ฒด์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ(์—ํญ์‹œ) ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์ „์žํŒŒ(UHF) ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ ๊ณผ๋„๋Œ€์ง€์ „์••(TEV : Transient Earth Voltage) ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ(AE : Acoustic Emission) ์„ผ์„œ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์•• ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ ์™ธ์„  ์—ดํ™”์ƒ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ํŒ์ •ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์ €์••๋ถ„์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ค๋น„, ๋ถ„์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์ฒด ํ™”์žฌ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ง€์„ ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ณ„ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •, ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์ธก์ •, ์ ‘์ง€์ €ํ•ญ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ AI/Big data๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 10๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ๋น„(์‹œ์Šคํ…œ)์™€ ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ง„๋‹จ์žฅ๋น„(์‹œ์Šคํ…œ)์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ, AI ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ, ํŠธ๋žœ๋“œ ์•Œ๋žŒ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„ ๊ฒฐํ•จ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ, ์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ˆ์ธก ํ•ญ๋ชฉ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ง•ํ›„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠนํ—ˆ์ถœ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

3.3 Test-bed ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ณ„

Fig. 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Test-bed ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์ƒ์„ธ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ Test-bed ๊ตฌ์ถ•์žฅ์†Œ์— ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.4 ์ง„๋‹จํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€ ์„ ์ •

๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„ ์ด๋ ฅ, ์œก์•ˆ์ ๊ฒ€, ํ™œ์„  ์ง„๋‹จ, ์‚ฌ์„ ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ Fig. 10๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 10๋งŒ ๊ฑด์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์„ค๋น„(๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ, ๊ณ ์••๋ฐ˜, ์ €์••๋ฐ˜, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”)์šด์˜์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ ์ •๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ๊ฐ ์„ค๋น„๋ณ„ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€ ์„ ์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ํ‰์ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์น˜๋ช…๋„ ํ‰์ ๋ฒ• 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์น˜๋ช…๋„ ํ‰์ ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‰์ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ Fig. 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ(Likelihood of Failure), ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅํ”ผํ•ด(Consequence)์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 11. Rating according to the magnitude of the failure effect

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/fig11.png

์น˜๋ช…๋„์˜ ํ‰์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์น˜๋ช…๋„์— ๊ณ ์žฅ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์€ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์น˜๋ช…๋„ ํ‰์  CE = F1ร—F2ร—F3ร—F4ร—F5

Table 2. Critical failure rating

๊ณ ์žฅ๊ตฌ๋ถ„

๊ณ ์žฅ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์น˜๋ช…๋„ํ‰์  CE

์น˜๋ช…๊ณ ์žฅ

โ… 

3์ด์ƒ

์ค‘๋Œ€๊ณ ์žฅ

โ…ก

1.0์ดˆ๊ณผ๏ฝž3๋ฏธ๋งŒ

๊ฒฝ๋ฏธ๊ณ ์žฅ

โ…ข

1.0

๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ณ ์žฅ

โ…ฃ

1.0๋ฏธ๋งŒ

Table 3์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ž„๋ฌด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘” ์น˜๋ช…๊ณ ์žฅ, ์ค‘๋Œ€๊ณ ์žฅ, ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธ๊ณ ์žฅ, ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ณ ์žฅ 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ. ์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Table 3. Fault classification for mission performance

๊ณ ์žฅ๊ตฌ๋ถ„

ํŒ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€

๋Œ€์ฑ…๋‚ด์šฉ

์น˜๋ช…๊ณ ์žฅ

์ž„๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

์„ค๊ณ„๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ•„์š”

์ค‘๋Œ€๊ณ ์žฅ

์ž„๋ฌด์˜ ์ค‘๋Œ€๋ถ„๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

์„ค๊ณ„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† 

๊ฒฝ๋ฏธ๊ณ ์žฅ

์ž„๋ฌด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€

์„ค๊ณ„๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”

๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ณ ์žฅ

์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ „ํ˜€์—†์Œ

์„ค๊ณ„๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ•„์š”์—†์Œ

3.5 ์‹ค์ฆ์„ค๋น„ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์—…์ข…๋ณ„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ํŠน์„ฑ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ Fig. 12์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธํ˜‘ํšŒ์˜ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์„ ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ์›น๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ž๊ฐ€์šฉ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„ ์ง„๋‹จ ์ •๋ณด, ์ง„๋‹จ์ƒ์„ธํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด, ์ •๋ฐ€์ง„๋‹จ ์ •๋ณด)๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ด๋‹น ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

Fig. 12. Certifications supported by Korea Electric Engineers Association

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/fig12.png

Table 4. Site acceptance target(examples)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/tb4.png

Table 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜‘ํšŒ์— ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” 1200์—ฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ํ–‰์—…์ฒด, 20์—ฌ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ 375,000๊ฐœ์†Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.5.1 ์‹ค์ฆ์„ค๋น„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ/์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ๊ฒ€์ถœ/์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆํ•  ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ์‹ค์ฆ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Test-bed ์‹ค์ฆ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์‹ค์ฆ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

ํ˜‘ํšŒ ๋‚ด์— ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋””๋ฒ„๊น…, ์•Œ๋žŒ ๋“ฑ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , 20๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ €์•• ๋ฐ ํŠน๊ณ ์•• ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค[10].

ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธํ˜‘ํšŒ์—์„œ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ˜• DataBase์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€ํ–‰ ์—…์ฒด์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์•Œ๋žŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ถœ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์ ๊ฒ€, ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜จโ€ง์Šต๋„ ์ธก์ •์žฅ๋น„ 1 Set ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.5.2 ์‹ค์ฆ์„ค๋น„ ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ „์›/๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ/์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ฆ๊ฐœ์†Œ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค ์‹ค์ฆ๊ฐœ์†Œ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‹œํ—˜์›์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์„ค๋น„์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธํ˜‘ํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ Test-bed๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์žฅ๋น„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ธ์ฆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ์„ ์ •๋œ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ฆ๊ฐœ์†Œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ํ™•๋ณด, ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์„ค์ • ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฆ, ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ์ž…ํšŒํ•˜์— ์•ˆ์ „์ˆ˜์น™์„ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„ ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ ์œ ๊ด€๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ฐธ๊ด€ ์š”์ฒญ ํ›„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ–‰ ์—…์ฒด์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์˜, ๋งค ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค AI ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์šด์˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ Test-bed๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์žฅ๋น„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ์šด์˜ ์˜ˆ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 28๊ฐœ์›”๋กœ ์šด์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ 2023๋…„ 1์›”, ์šด์˜ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋Š” 2024๋…„ 12์›”๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[11].

3.5.3 Test-bed ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

Fig. 13๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ, ๊ณ ์•• ๋ฐ ์ €์••์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ, ๋ณ€์„ฑ๊ธฐ, ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ, ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋ณ€์„ฑ๊ธฐ, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ, 3์ƒ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ๊ฐ€์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ์—ด๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ AC ๋ฐ DC ์ง€๋ฝ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 13. Example of load facility construction plan(low voltage panel)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.6.036/fig13.png

4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„๊ณ„ํš

4.1 ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ค๋น„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Test-bed๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค์น˜ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋„์ถœ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจํ›„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋‹จ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, Test-bed๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ค์น˜ยท์‚ฌ์šฉยทํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์ ๊ฒ€(๊ฒ€์‚ฌ) ๋น…-๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” AI ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

4.2 ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณ„ํš

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ Test-bed ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์•ˆ์ „์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ PSCAD ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์™„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์™„๋œ PSCAD ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก AI๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ €์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋™์‹œ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ปฌ๋ ‰ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“ˆโ€™์„ ์ž์ฒด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง„ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ)๋Š” ์ „์šฉ โ€˜Data Convertorโ€™๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ CSV ํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Table 5. Four types of artificial intelligence

[๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 1]

๋‹จ์ˆœ์ œ์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ

์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹œํ€ธ์Šค ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ œ์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ

[๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 2]

ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ

์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(ํƒ์ƒ‰, ์ถ”๋ก , ์ง€์‹๋ฒ ์ด์Šค)

[๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 3]

๋จธ์‹ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด์šฉ (๋ ˆ๋ฒจ2+๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šต->๋ ˆ๋ฒจ3)

[๋ ˆ๋ฒจ 4]

๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ

๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•™์Šตํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์˜ ํŠน์ง• (feature)์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ํ•™์Šต

์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Table 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„AI ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด AIํŒ์ • ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด AI๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„/์˜ˆ์ธก/์ž๋™ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgement

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€(ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์›)์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฌด์ •์ „ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ /์•ˆ์ „๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ˆ์ธก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœโ€™ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

References

1 
Choi Sang-Bong, 2007, Evaluation and Analysis of Power Outage Costs by Industrial Customer Industry, Korean Energy EconomicGoogle Search
2 
Lee Hyun-Woo, et al. , 2017, A Study on the Comprehensive Management System for Diagnostic Information for Personal Vehicles, Journal of the Society of Lighting and Electrical EquipmentGoogle Search
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Biography

Jae-Yoon Lee
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He received the B.S. and M.S. degree in electrical engineering from HongIk University in 2013 and 2015, respectively. He has been a Department Manager in Department of Reaserch at Korea Electric Engineers Association. His research interests are in power system engineering.

Ii-Rea Noh
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He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Soong Sil University, Korea, in 2005. He has been a director in Department of Reaserch at Korea Electric Engineers Association. His reserch interests include Power Grid Distribution.

Ii-Moo Lee
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He received the M.S. and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from HongIk University in 1991, 2001 and 2003, respectively. He has been a Team Leader in Department of Reaserch at Korea Electric Engineers Association. His reserch interests include power supply system for high voltages and power quality of the system.