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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Associate Researcher, Future Mobility Center, Gyeongbuk Technopark, Korea)
  2. (Researcher, Future Mobility Center, Gyeongbuk Technopark, Korea)
  3. (Senior Researcher, Future Mobility Center, Gyeongbuk Technopark, Korea)
  4. (Center Director, Future Mobility Center, Gyeongbuk Technopark, Korea)



Control, Electrochromic, Illumination, Power, Transmittance

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์ดํ›„ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋…น์ง€ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ๊ธฐํ›„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค[1-3].

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ•„๋ฆ„ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์ง€, ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์ธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์พŒ์ ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํˆฌ๋ช… ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ•„๋ฆ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„(Electrochromic Film)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ €์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ํ•„๋ฆ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฉด์  ๊ณต์ • ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[4].

1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ œ์–ด์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ € ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋™์ „์••์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ ์„ ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ DB๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋™์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ „์••์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํ† ํฌ๋กค์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์กฐ๋„์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์ œ์–ด์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ด๋ก ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

2.1 ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„

์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„(EC, Electrochromic Film)์€ ์ „์›์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ด‘ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์ž์ด๋‹ค. 1969๋…„ S. Deb์ด ํ……์Šคํ…์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ(WO3) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•œ ์ดํ›„[5], ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์‘์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฃธ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ธ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐ ์พŒ์ ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[6].

์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ตฌ๋™์ „์••์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์˜๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žฅ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋„์„ฑ ํ•„๋ฆ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ œ์กฐ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค[7].

WO3์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ์œ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋А๋ฆฐ ์ฐฉโ€งํƒˆ์ƒ‰ ์†๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ์šฉ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ฉด์ ํ™” ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์•„์ง ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค[8].

Fig. 1์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 2๊ฐœ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์ „๊ทน(ITO) ์‚ฌ์ด์— WO3(Tungstentrioxide) Coating Layer์™€ PB(Prussian Blue) Coating Layer, ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์ „ํ•ด์งˆ(Polymer Electrolyte)์ด ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค.

WO3 Coating layer์™€ PB Coating Layer๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ Bus Bar(์ „๋„์ฒด)๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์›๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์œ„์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™”์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ WO3 ์ „๊ทน์€ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, PB ์ „๊ทน์€ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.

์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ ์†Œ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ ๊ตฌ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ „๊ทน์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ Bleaching(ํƒˆ์ƒ‰) ๋˜๋Š” Coloring(์ฐฉ์ƒ‰) ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ์ „๊ทน ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ™˜์›์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••์€ ๊ตฌ๋™์ „์••๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ์ „์••์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ „์••์€ ยฑ2.0V์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ์ „์••์€ +3.0V๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 2๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. WO3 ์ „๊ทน์— ์–‘(+)์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , PB ์ „๊ทน์— ์Œ(-)์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์› ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋‘ Layer๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ Bleaching(ํƒˆ์ƒ‰) ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 3์€ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ Bleaching(ํƒˆ์ƒ‰) ๋ฐ Coloring(์ฐฉ์ƒ‰) ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.

PB์ „๊ทน์ด ํ™˜์›๋  ๋•Œ WO3์ „๊ทน์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฐํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฐํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์„œ WO3 ์ „๊ทน์˜ ๊ธฐํŒ์ธ ITO์ „๊ทน์ด WO3 ์ „๊ทน์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง ๋ฐ˜์‘์ธ ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ITO์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฐ˜์‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••์„ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์ด ์—†์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ Bleaching(ํƒˆ์ƒ‰) ๋ฐ Coloring(์ฐฉ์ƒ‰)์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Electrochromic film structure

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig1.png

Fig. 2. Electrochromic film initializing

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig2.png

Fig. 3. Bleaching and coloring of electrochromic film

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig3.png

3. ๋ณธ ๋ก 

3.1 ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„ ๋ถ„์„

์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „์••์˜ ์„ค์ •๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Fig. 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „์••์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ยฑ2.0V์ด๋ฉฐ 0.2V ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 5์—์„œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ 100%๋Š” ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์•• ยฑ2.0V ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ตœ์ €ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์€ 15.43%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ณ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์€ 75.65%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฐฉ์ƒ‰ํ™” ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ € ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ๋Œ€๋น„ ยฑ0.8V ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” 91.6%์ด๋ฉฐ ํƒˆ์ƒ‰ํ™” ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์—์„œ๋Š” 87.43%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ยฑ0.8V์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ยฑ0.4V์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์€ 50mm ร— 50mm์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ๊ตฌ๋™์ „์•• ยฑ2.0V์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ ํ•„๋ฆ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ ํ•„๋ฆ„ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ, Coating Layer์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๊ณ /์ตœ์ € ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์†๋„, ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค[9, 10]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฒ”์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์ „์••์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Electrochromic film transmittance test

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig4.png

Fig. 5. Electrochromic film transmittance test results

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig5.png

3.2 ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€ ์„ ์ •

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋ชจ๋“œ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์„œํ”Œ๋ผ์ด(Switching Mode Power Supply : SMPS)๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. DC-DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์™€ ํ™˜๋ฅ˜ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ, 2์ฐจ ์ €์—ญ ํ†ต๊ณผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์ธ LC ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” DC-DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ถคํ™˜ ์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถคํ™˜ ์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฆํญํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ, ์ฆํญ๋œ ์˜ค์ฐจ์™€ ์‚ผ๊ฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋™ ํŽ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๊ธฐ, DC-DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™ํšŒ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.3 ์ „๋žต๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ DC-DC ๋ฒ… ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, Fig. 6์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„ ์ œ์–ด์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ค.

์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ „์••์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ PIํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Duty ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํˆด(Psim)์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์€ Fig. 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. C3์™€ C5๋Š” ์ ๋ถ„์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, C1๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์ „๋ฅ˜์™€ IL ์‹ค์ œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฐจ(Error๊ฐ’)์„ C3(์ ๋ถ„ ๊ฒŒ์ธ ๊ฐ’)๊ณผ ๊ณฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ(C5)์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์  ๋™์ž‘์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

C4 ๋น„๋ก€ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ธ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ Error๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ณฑ์„ ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ, PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์–ด์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ ํฌํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ Anti Windup ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก Limiter์˜ ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 1์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, Fig. 8์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์— DSP๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. C block์— ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ œ์–ด ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ DSP ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. Power supply circuit and control diagram

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig6.png

Fig. 7. Controller simulation modeling (Analog)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig7.png

Fig. 8. Power supply simulation modeling (Digital)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig8.png

Table 1. Simulation conditions

Item

Value

Input DC Voltage

12[V]

Output DC Voltage

3[V]

Control Method

PWM Duty Control

3.4 ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ Fig. 9์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ € ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์ œ์–ด ์ „์— ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์กฐ๋„์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•„๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€/์ตœ์†Œ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •, ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์กฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒˆ/์ฐฉ์ƒ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Coloring, Bleaching Mode๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ํƒˆ/์ฐฉ์ƒ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ PI์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 9. Electrochromic film control algorithm

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig9.png

3.5 ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜

Fig. 10์€ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œํ˜•์œผ๋กœ PCB ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘/์Œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ์ „์•• ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ œ์–ด ์†Œ์ž ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  DSP์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์€ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ํŒŒํ˜•์€ Fig. 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Coloring, Bleaching Mode์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–‘/์Œ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ 0.25V ์ฐจ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ 12๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2. Prototype Specifications

Item

Value

Input DC Voltage

12[V]

Output DC Voltage

3[V]

Control Method

PWM Duty Control

Fig. 12๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์‹œํ—˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•”์‹ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•”์‹ค๋‚ด๋ถ€์— LED๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•”์‹ค๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์กฐ๋„์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‘์–ด ์•”์‹ค ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์กฐ๋„์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•”์‹ค๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 13์€ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ LED ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์•”์‹ค๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ LED ๊ด‘๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 10. Power supply prototype product

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig10.png

Fig. 11. Power supply controller test voltage results

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig11.png

Fig. 12. Power supply test environment

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig12.png

Fig. 13. llumination environment based on LED light output

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig13.png

โ–ก Test Conditions

- Light Condition 1(LC1) - 7270lx (LED 100%)

- Light Condition 2(LC2) - 2670lx (LED 50%)

- Light Condition 3(LC3) - 831lx (LED 15%)

Fig. 14. Illumination test results based on LED light output

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/fig14.png

Fig. 14๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ LED ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Table 3์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์€ ๋†’์€ ์กฐ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ LC1์—์„œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ „ ์กฐ๋„ 7270lx์—์„œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํ›„ ์กฐ๋„ 1830lx๋กœ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์€ 25%์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์กฐ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ LC2์—์„œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ „ ์กฐ๋„ 2670lx์—์„œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํ›„ ์กฐ๋„ 1333lx๋กœ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์€ 50%์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์กฐ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ LC3์—์„œ๋Š” ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ „ ์กฐ๋„ 831lx์—์„œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํ›„ ์กฐ๋„ 544lx๋กœ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์€ 67%์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋„๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 3. Test results

Item

Illumination

(Before EC Film)

Illumination

(After EC Film)

Transmittance

LC1

7270[lx]

1830[lx]

25[%]

LC2

2670[lx]

1333[lx]

50[%]

LC3

831[lx]

554[lx]

67[%]

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„ ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€ ์„ ์ •, ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๋„์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์กฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ „์•• ยฑ12V, ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ยฑ3V์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐํ™” ๋ชจ๋“œ ๋ฐ ํƒˆ/์ฐฉ์ƒ‰ ๋ชจ๋“œ ์ ์šฉ, ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ „์••(0.25V)์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋„์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ ํ•„๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ LED ์กฐ๋ช… ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์•”์‹ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด LED ์กฐ๋ช… ์™ธ์˜ ๋น›์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์กฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜ ์ œ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์กฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚ฎ์€ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ํ•„๋ฆ„ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ „ํ›„์˜ ์กฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by โ€˜Science and Technology Project to Open the Local Futureโ€™ program through the INNOPOLIS FOUNDATION funded by Ministry of Science and ICT. (Project Number: 2020-DD-UP-0278)

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Biography

Choon-Seok Jang
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/au1.png

He has been working as Associate Researcher of Future Mobility Center in Gyeongbuk Technopark since 2020 and received M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Dong-A University in 2016. His research interests are Power Electronic Control, Autonomous Driving and Battery Management System.

Hyun-Hak Shin
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/au2.png

He has been working as Researcher of Future Mobility Center in Gyeongbuk Technopark since 2014 and received M.S. degree in Energy Engineering from Kyungpook National University in 2015. His research interests are Power Electronic Design, Autonomous Driving and Battery Management System.

Su-Jeong Lee
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/au3.png

She has been working as Senior Researcher of Future Mobility Center in Gyeongbuk Technopark since 2014 received Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Yeungnam University in 2020. Her research interests are Electromagnetic Analysis for Vehicles and Advanced Material Forming Technology.

Ho-Young Kang
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2022.36.12.010/au4.png

He has been working as Center Director of Future Mobility Center in Gyeongbuk Technopark since 2014 and is currently Ph.D. course at the Yeungnam University. And he received M.S. degree in the Electronic Engineering from Hanbat University in 2015. His research interests are Electric Vehicle Battery Control and Advanced Material Forming Technology.