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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Master course, Dept. of Electrical Eng., Korea National University of Transportation, Korea)



Electrical breakdown experiment, Empirical formula, HTS, Insulation design, Saddle coil, Vacuum

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์€ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ €ํ•ญ์ด โ€˜0โ€™์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์„ ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ž์„์œผ๋กœ, ์ „๊ธฐ์ €ํ•ญ์ด โ€˜0โ€™์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์ด ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ €์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋†’์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ ค ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[1]. ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช…์žฅ์น˜ (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ, ํ•ต์œตํ•ฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‘์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[2]. ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์—๋Š” ์ €์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์„ ์žฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์„ ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ €์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์€ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์•ก์ฒดํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์šฉ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์‘์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1980๋…„์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๊ณผ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ํ•œ๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ์— ์‘์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[3].

์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์˜ ์‹ค์šฉํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ƒ์ „๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ•๊ตฌ์žฅ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐฉ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์— ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ดํ™” ์†์‹ค์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์† ์ถฉใƒป๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์— ๋†’์€ ์ „์••์ด ์œ ๋„๋˜์–ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ƒˆ๋“ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฝ”์ผ์€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฝํž˜๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒˆ๋“ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ์€ ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์€ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋„๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์˜ ์ง„๊ณต์—์„œ ์šด์ „๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต (10-3๏ฝž10-5 Torr)์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์„ ์žฌ ๊ฐ„, ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์„ ์žฌ์™€ ๋ณด๋นˆ ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ void๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ (10-2๏ฝž10-1 Torr)์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ถ€์  ์ €์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง„๊ณต์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๋ณธ ๋ก 

2.1 ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

์ž์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋„์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ฒด์˜ ๋„์ „์œจ์€ 1ร—10-6S/m ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋„์ „์œจ์€ ์•ฝ 1ร—10-10S/m ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์— ์ผ์ • ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์†๋ฐ•์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์ž์œ ์ „ํ•˜๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด ๋„์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ์šฉ ์ƒˆ๋“ค ์ฝ”์ผ์€ ์šด์ „ ์‹œ ์—ด ์นจ์ž…์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง„๊ณต์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์šด์ „๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง„๊ณต์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์—ด์นจ์ž…์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค[4]. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๊ทน์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ, ์••๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ „์••์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋งค์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „์••์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค[5]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง„๊ณต์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ด€ํ†ต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฉด์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋น„๊ต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ„ด๊ณผ ํ„ด, ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ”์ผ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€ํ†ต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.2 ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„

๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋งค์งˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค[6]. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ณ„์ง‘์ค‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์™€๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์ „๊ณ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[7]. ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน๊ณผ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์™€, ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน๊ณผ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 8.6mm์ธ MC Nylon ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 1์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Table 2์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Table 3์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์—๋Š” 1kV์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์€ ์ ‘์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์ „๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 1. Specifications of sphere-to-sphere electrode system

์‹คํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด

๊ด€ํ†ต

์—ฐ๋ฉด

์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน

์ „๊ทน ์žฌ์งˆ

stainless steel 304

๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน ์ง๊ฒฝ [mm]

12.7

์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ [mm]

20, 30, 40

์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ์žฌ์งˆ

-

MC Nylon

์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ํฌ๊ธฐ [mm]

-

110ร—100

Table 2. Field utilization factor of sphere-to-sphere electrode system(@ penetration)

์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ (๊ด€ํ†ต)

๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน ์ง๊ฒฝ [mm]

12.7

์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ [mm]

20

30

40

ํ‰๊ท ์ „๊ณ„ [kV/mm]

0.05

0.03

0.02

์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„ [kV/mm]

0.11

0.10

0.09

์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ 

0.44

0.33

0.26

Table 3. Field utilization factor of sphere-to-sphere electrode system(@ creepage)

์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ (์—ฐ๋ฉด)

๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน ์ง๊ฒฝ [mm]

12.7

์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ๋‘๊ป˜ [mm]

๋‘๊ป˜: 8.6

์—ฐ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ [mm]

20

30

40

ํ‰๊ท ์ „๊ณ„ [kV/mm]

0.05

0.02

0.01

์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„ [kV/mm]

0.08

0.09

0.09

์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ 

0.54

0.24

0.14

Fig. 1์€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด 12.7mm์ด๊ณ  ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 30mm์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ณ„ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ๋๋‹จ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋‘ ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์ „์œ„์„ ์— ์ˆ˜์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์ „๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์ „์œ„์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„์˜ ์ ‘์„ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. FEM simulation results of electrode system

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2023.37.2.030/fig1.png

2.3 ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜

์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ์ด 552mm์ด๊ณ  ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ 920mm์ธ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ง„๊ณต์ฑ”๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ„ฐ๋ณดํŽŒํ”„๋Š” 255l/s ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ PFEIFFER VACUUM์‚ฌ์˜ HiPace 300๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํŽŒํ”„๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด 600l/m์ธ ์šฐ์„ฑ์‚ฌ์˜ MVP 36์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๊ณต์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 5.0ร—10-9Torr๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Thyracont ์‚ฌ์˜ VSM77DL๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 2๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 8.6mm์ธ sheet ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ MC Nylon์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. MC Nylon์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์ด ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทน์ €์˜จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ˆ˜์ถ•๋ฅ ๋„ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทน์ €์˜จ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์šฉ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Electrode system for creepage

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์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋จผ์ € ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ 10-1Torr๊นŒ์ง€ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ํ„ฐ๋ณดํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„์˜ ์••๋ ฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์ธ 800Torr๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7.5ร—10-5Torr๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ถˆ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ํ›„์— ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๋กœ ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ธ์ฒ™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ณ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 50kV, 60Hz ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ AC power supply๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์ „์•• ์ƒ์Šน์†๋„๋Š” 1kV/s๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์€ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์•• (VBD)์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” Fig. 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŒŒ์…ด๊ณก์„ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[8]. Fig. 3์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์—์„œ ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••๊ฐ’ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์€ 101Torr๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10-3Torr ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต์—์„œ ์ตœ์ €๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 10-5Torr ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต์—์„œ๋Š”์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••๊ณผ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3. VBD according to pressure

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3.2 ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 3์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์€ ๊ด€ํ†ต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ kV ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ kV๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ†ต์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ MC Nylon์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์•• ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „์••์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด ๊ด€ํ†ต ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „์••์—์„œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€ํ†ต์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์šด๋™์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ฆฌํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์€ Fig. 3์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ž”๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์–‘์ด ๊ทนํžˆ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „์ž์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€ํ†ต๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์€ MC Nylon์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์•• ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ’ (EBD)์€ (1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1kV์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ’ (E1kV,MAX)์— ์‹ค์ œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••๊ฐ’ (VBD)์„ ๊ณฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(1)
$E_{BD}=V_{BD}\times E_{1k V,\: \max}$

Fig. 4์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š”์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ Fig. 5์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2ร—10-3Torr ๋ฒ”์œ„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์ˆ˜ํ•จ์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ƒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 4์™€ 5์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ด€ํ†ต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ 1kV/mm ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Table 4์™€ 5์— ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Electric field intensity at sparkover according to field utilization factor considering pressure (@ penetration)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2023.37.2.030/fig4.png

Fig. 5. Electric field intensity at sparkover according to field utilization factor considering pressure (@ creepage)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2023.37.2.030/fig5.png

Table 4. Empirical formula for electric field intensity at sparkover according to pressure (@ penetration)

์••๋ ฅ

[Torr]

๊ธฐ์ค€์ „๊ณ„์‹

[kV/mm]

์••๋ ฅ

[Torr]

๊ธฐ์ค€์ „๊ณ„์‹

[kV/mm]

800

1.9ร— $\xi$-0.27

5ร—10-3

2.69ร— $\xi$-0.58

150

0.53+0.5ร—$\xi$

7.5ร—10-5

1.9ร—$\xi$ -0.45

6ร—10-1

0.2

-

-

1ร—10-2

0.14ร—$\xi$ -0.70

-

-

Table 5. Empirical formula for electric field intensity at sparkover according to pressure (@ creepage)

์••๋ ฅ

[Torr]

๊ธฐ์ค€์ „๊ณ„์‹

[kV/mm]

์••๋ ฅ

[Torr]

๊ธฐ์ค€์ „๊ณ„์‹

[kV/mm]

800

0.6ร—$\xi$ -0.66

5ร—10-3

0.7ร— $\xi$-0.33

150

0.6

7.5ร—10-5

2.1ร—$\xi$ -0.09

6ร—10-1

0.2

-

-

1ร—10-2

0.3ร—$\xi$

-

-

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ„ด๊ณผ ํ„ด, ์ธต๊ณผ ์ธต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด์™€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€ํ†ต ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ชจ ๋‘ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์ง„๊ณต ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์•• ๋ฐ ์ง„๊ณต๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด€ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฉด ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ „๊ณ„์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๊ณ„์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ–ฅํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฒด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์กฐ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ณ„ ์ ˆ์—ฐํŒŒ๊ดด ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์˜จ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgement

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2022๋…„๋„ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ง€ ์ž์ฒด-๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹  ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž„. (2021RIS-001(1345341783))

References

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U. J. Bong, S. Y. Hahn, and S. J. Lee, โ€œRecent Trends in High-Temperature Superconductor Magnet Technology,โ€ in KIEE The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 71, No. 10, 2022.URL
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W. Lei, Y. Feng, J. Zheng, and Z. Deng, โ€œThe SCML-05 Developed for Studying the 3D Force and PMG Irregularities Characteristics of HTS Maglev,โ€ in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 1-5, 2022.DOI
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H. Kojima, et al., โ€œDependence of Spark Conditioning on Breakdown Charge and Electrode Material under a Non-uniform Electric Field in Vacuum,โ€ in IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 3224-3230, 2016.DOI
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O. Lee, et al., โ€œCreepage Discharge Characteristics of Solid Insulation Materials for Superconducting Power Cable,โ€ in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 1-4, 2018.DOI
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Biography

Woocheol Shin
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He received bachelorโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of transportation in 2022. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

Bimaridi Afif
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He received bachelorโ€™s degree in Physics engineering from Telkom University, Indonesia in 2016. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

Junyoung Park
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He received bachelorโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of transportation in 2023. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

Bonhyuk Ku
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He received bachelorโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of transportation in 2023. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

Hobin Lee
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He received bachelorโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of transportation in 2023. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

Hyoungku Kang
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He received doctorโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Yonsei University in 2005. He is currently a professor in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.