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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Ph.D. course, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mokpo National University, Korea)



Frequency ndir, Frequency sability, RoCoF, VFT

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ํƒ„๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ 10์ฐจ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋Š” 36๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ 204.4TWh๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์˜ 30.6%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค[1]. Table 1์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ „์›๋ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ค‘ ์ „๋ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Table 1. Forecast of power generation and proportion by power source(TWh)

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/tb1.png

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ ์”จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ—์ „์›์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์ € ๋ฐœ์ „์›์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„์— ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํšŒ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค[2].

AC ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ์ €๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๋™๋  ๋•Œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์šด์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด AC ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 60Hz๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐํ’ˆ์งˆ ์œ ์ง€๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ยฑ0.2Hz์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด๋‚ด, ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ 62Hz โˆผ 57.5Hz๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์†ก์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ • ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ยฑ1.5Hz์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์†ก๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ง€๋ฝ, ๋‹จ๋ฝ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ํƒˆ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ด ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์šด์˜์ž๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ƒ์ •์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์ด ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(Frequency Nadir), ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ(RoCoF, Rate of Change of Frequency)๊ณผ 1์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ(PFR, Primary Frequency Response)์ด ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ƒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„์•ˆ์ •์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(Quasi Steady State Frequency)๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ PFR ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ • ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ(UFR, Under Frequency Relay)์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณผ๋„์•ˆ์ •์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž๋™๋ฐœ์ „์ œ์–ด(AGC, Automatic Generation Control) ์šด์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ƒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค[3].

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ์‹œ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ • ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ • ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ, ์กฐ์†๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ฆฌ ์šด์ „, ์ž๋™๋ฐœ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์šด์ „ ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์šด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐํ’ˆ์งˆ ์œ ์ง€๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์„ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ์•ˆ์ •์  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 1์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ, 2์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ, 3์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Table 2๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‘๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ํฌ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘์ค‘ํ˜•์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์†์‘์„ฑ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ •์šฉ ESS๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ESS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋†’์€ ์„ค์น˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Grid-Forming Converter, ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ œ์–ด ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[4-9,17].

Table 2. Reserve capacity level and technical requirements

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

ํ™•๋ณด๋Ÿ‰

์‘๋‹ต

๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์‘๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„

์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

700MW ์ด์ƒ

AGC + ESS

5๋ถ„

30๋ถ„

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

ํšŒ๋ณต ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,000MW ์ด์ƒ

GF + ESS

10์ดˆ

5๋ถ„

2์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,400MW ์ด์ƒ

AGC

10๋ถ„

30๋ถ„

3์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,400

MW ์ด์ƒ

์ˆ˜๋™

(๊ธ‰์ „

์ „ํ™”)

30๋ถ„

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๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ธฐํ˜• ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ค๋น„์ธ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ(VFT, Variable Frequency Transformer)์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜, ABB, Simens ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ถŒ์„ ํ˜• ์œ ๋„์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ •์ž ๊ถŒ์„ ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋งŒํผ ํšŒ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ๋ฐ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „์†ก์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฑ…ํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณด์ƒ์žฅ์น˜ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค[10-13]. Fig. 1์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Diagram of VFT concept

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig1.png

ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๋ฐ 1์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๋น„๋กœ์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ตฌ๋™๋ถ€ DC ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ—์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์ ‘์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ํ•ด์†Œ์™€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ง€์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ Matalb Simulink๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์š”

2.1 ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋™์ž‘์›๋ฆฌ

์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋“ฏ์ด ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ถŒ์„ ํ˜• ์œ ๋„์ „๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค. Fig. 2๋Š” ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Configuration of VFT grid connection system

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig2.png

๋‘ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ •์ž ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ถŒ์„ ์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1์ฐจ, 2์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์ถ•์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์šฉ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์†๋„๋กœ ํšŒ์ „ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–‘์ธก ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ์ •์ž์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ถŒ์„ ์—๋„ ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ํšŒ์ „์ž๋ฅผ $\omega_{m}$์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ธก ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •์ž ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ณ„์™€ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์†๋„์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 60Hz์ด๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ 10Hz ํšŒ์ „ํ•  ์‹œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 50Hz๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ธก์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 1์ฐจ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ์ธก์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Fig. 3์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค[14].

Fig. 3. Operating principle of VFT

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig3.png

2.2 ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง[15, 18, 19]

Fig. 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ๊ตฌ๋™์šฉ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํž˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ (1)์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(1)
$P_{D}=P_{s}+P_{r}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $P_{s}$, $P_{r}$, $P_{D}$๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ •์ž, ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ถŒ์„ ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํž˜์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Single line diagram of VFT grid connection system

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig4.png

ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ 1์ฐจ์™€ 2์ฐจ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ด์Šค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ์ •์ž์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค.

(2)
$N_{s}I_{s}=-N_{r}I_{r}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $N_{s}$, $N_{r}$, $I_{s}$, $I_{r}$์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ •์ž์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์†์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์••๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์‹ (3)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

(3)
$ \begin{align*} V_{s}=N_{s}f_{s}\psi_{a}\\ V_{r}=N_{r}f_{r}\psi_{a} \end{align*}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $V_{s}$, $V_{r}$, $f_{s}$, $f_{r}$, $\psi_{a}$๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ •์ž์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์ „์••, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, ๊ณต๊ทน ์ž์†์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (4)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(4)
$ \begin{align*} V_{r}=N_{r}\dfrac{V_{s}}{N_{s}}\times\dfrac{f_{r}}{f_{s}}\\ V_{s}=N_{s}\dfrac{V_{r}}{N_{r}}\times\dfrac{f_{s}}{f_{r}} \end{align*}$

ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–‘์ธก ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๋น„๋กœ์„œ ๊ตฌ๋™์šฉ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด $f_{m}$์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ (5)๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(5)
$ \begin{align*} f_{m}=f_{s}-f_{r}\\ \omega_{m}=f_{m}\dfrac{120}{P} \end{align*}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $P$, $f_{m}$, $\omega_{m}$๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทน ์ˆ˜, ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์†๋„์™€ ๊ฐ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์‹ (1), (2), (4)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋™์šฉ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์™€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ (6), (7)๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(6)
$ P_{D}=P_{s}+P_{r}=V_{s}I_{s}+V_{r}I_{r}\\ =V_{s}I_{s}-\left(N_{r}\dfrac{V_{s}}{N_{s}}\dfrac{f_{r}}{f_{s}}\right)\left(N_{s}\dfrac{I_{s}}{N_{r}}\right)\\ =V_{s}I_{s}\left(1-\dfrac{f_{r}}{f_{s}}\right)=P_{s}\left(1-\dfrac{f_{r}}{f_{s}}\right) $
(7)
$ P_{D}=P_{s}+P_{r}=V_{s}I_{s}+V_{r}I_{r}\\ =-\left(N_{s}\dfrac{V_{r}}{N_{r}}\dfrac{f_{s}}{f_{r}}\right)\left(N_{r}\dfrac{I_{r}}{N_{s}}\right)+V_{r}I_{r}\\ =V_{r}I_{r}\left(1-\dfrac{f_{s}}{f_{r}}\right)=P_{r}\left(1-\dfrac{f_{s}}{f_{r}}\right) $

๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ตฌ๋™์šฉ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ํ† ํฌ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ (3), (6)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ถ•์˜ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ (8)๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(8)
$ T_{D}=\dfrac{P_{D}}{f_{m}}=V_{s}I_{s}\dfrac{\left(f_{s}-f_{r}\right)/f_{s}}{f_{s}-f_{r}}\\ =V_{s}\dfrac{I_{s}}{f_{s}}=N_{s}f_{s}\psi_{s}\dfrac{I_{s}}{f_{s}}=N_{s}I_{s}\psi_{s} $

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $T_{D}$๋Š” DC ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™์šฉ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ํ† ํฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„

Fig. 5๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •์ƒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต๊ณผ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ Inertia response์™€ Primary response์—์„œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5. Power plant response to mitigate the frequency drops[16]

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig5.png

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์†๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํšŒ์ „ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์‘๋‹ต์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์š” ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ (9)๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์š” ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

(9)
$J\dfrac{d\omega}{dt}=\tau_{m}+\tau_{e}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $J$๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์ด๋ฉฐ $\omega$๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์†๋„, $\tau_{m}$, $\tau_{e}$๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ† ํฌ์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํ† ํฌ์ด๋‹ค. $J$๋ฅผ ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (10)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(10)
$\dfrac{d\omega}{dt}=\dfrac{\omega_{s}^{2}}{2HS_{n}}\triangle\tau$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $\omega_{s}$๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ ์†๋„์ด๋ฉฐ $S_{n}$์€ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „์†๋„์™€ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ† ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (11)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(11)
$\dfrac{df}{dt}=\dfrac{f_{0}}{2H}\dfrac{\triangle P}{S_{n}}=Ro Co F$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $\triangle P$๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ฉฐ $f_{0}$๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ RoCoF๋Š” ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, RoCoF๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ํƒˆ๋ฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ •์ „์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” Frequency nadir์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด RoCoF๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ Fig. 6์€ ๊ด€์„ฑ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ RoCoF๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6. Frequency response characteristics according to inertia (a) Frequency Nadir (b) RoCoF

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig6.png

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋“ฏ์ด ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ถ•๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ตฌ๋™๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ณผ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ๋ฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†๋„ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(60Hz)๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ํšŒ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํšŒ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 7์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์†๋„ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7. Frequency controller schematic of VFT

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig7.png

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” RoCoF์™€ ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Matlab Simulink ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 8์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 8. VFT frequency response simulation model

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig8.png

๊ณ ์ •์ž ์ธก์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ Programable Three Phase Source๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Swing bus๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ธก์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ 3์ƒ ์ „์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. VFT์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ •์ž์™€ ํšŒ์ „์ž์— Capacitor bank๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ Grid Impedance์™€ Load๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 3์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ Table 4๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ 3์ƒ ์ „์›์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 3. VFT parameters

Parameters

Values

Unit

Nominal Power

100

MVA

Nominal RMS Voltage

17

kV

Nominal Frequency

60

Hz

XVFT

10

%

Turns Ratio

1:1

-

Stator

Capacitor Bank

8.8

MVAR

Rotor

Capacitor Bank

8.8

MVAR

#1 Local Load

0.01

pu

#2 Local Load

0.01

pu

Table 4. Power source parameters

Parameters

AC #1

AC #2

Nominal Power[MVA]

-

100

Nominal Voltage[kV]

17

17

Frequency[Hz]

57.5 - 62

60

X/R ratio

-

7

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ 2์ดˆ์— ๊ณ ์ •์ž์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ธ 60Hz Swing bus์—์„œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ธก์ •์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž ์ธก์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 9๋Š” 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€๋ น์„ ์ค€ ๋Œ€๋กœ 59Hz๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 59Hz๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ € ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 59.9Hz, RoCoF๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต 0.2๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ Swing bus์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ž ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋™์š”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Swing bus์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ž ์ „๋ ฅ์„ 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 9. Frequency response for 1Hz ramp drop (a) Frequency (b) Power

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig9.png

Fig. 10์€ 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ํฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ๋ฝํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ 1์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ น์น˜ ๋งŒํผ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๋™์š”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ์Šน ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.1Hz๋กœ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์ž ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚จ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ 2์ฐจ ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ Ramp ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ Step์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ยฑ1.5Hz ๋ณ€ํ™”ํญ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ตœ์ €/์ตœ๊ณ  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.4Hz์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ RoCoF๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์ƒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšŒ์ „์ž์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณ€๋™๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 10. Frequency response for 1Hz ramp increase. (a) Frequency (b) Power

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig10.png

Fig. 11. Frequency response for step signal (a) 1.5Hz drop (b) 1.5Hz increase

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig11.png

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 60Hz๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ผ์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ 57.5Hz โˆผ 62Hz๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Fig. 12๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๊ทน์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์จ Swing bus์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 57.5Hz โˆผ 62Hz ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 12. Frequency response for 57.5Hz to 62Hz

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.1.040/fig12.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ค๋น„๋กœ ๋น„๋™๊ธฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ค๋น„์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ DC ๋ชจํ„ฐ์˜ ์†๋„์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€๊ณผ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž ํšŒ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Matlab Simulink๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, Swing bus์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํšŒ์ „์ž ๊ด€์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์™ธ๋ž€์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์šด์ „๋  ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ 2์ฐจ ์ธก์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ „์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋“ฏ์ด ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๋ฐ 1์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๋น„๋กœ์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ์‹œ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ถŒ์„ ๋น„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ—์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์ ‘์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ํ•ด์†Œ์™€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ง€ ๋“ฑ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„์— ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ํšŒ์ „ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋Š˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์˜ ์ ‘์†์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ ์‹œ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์†๋„์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์ •๋„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ’/๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋ณธ ์ €์ž๋„ ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถ”ํ›„, ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์ „ํ˜• ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgement

๋ณธ ๊ณผ์ œ(๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ)๋Š” 2023๋…„๋„ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ง€์ž์ฒด-๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹  ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž„. (2021RIS-002)

๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€(๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„. (No. NRF-2022R1 A2C1013445).

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Biography

Byeong-Hyeon An
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He received a B.S. and M.S. from Mokpo National University of Korea and he is currently Ph.D. course in Electrical Engineering from the Mokpo National University of Korea since 2021. His primary work is in the areas of Power grid connection and Power Conversion device design.

Jae-Deok Park
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He received B.S. in 2019 and M.S. in 2021 at Mokpo National University. He is currently a Ph.D. course in Electrical Engineering from the Mokpo National University of Korea. His primary work is in the areas of Power grid connection and Power Conversion device design.

Jun-Soo Che
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He received B.S. in 2019 and M.S. in 2021 at Mokpo National University. He is currently a Ph.D. course in Electrical Engineering from the Mokpo National University of Korea. His primary work is in the areas of Power grid and power electronics.

Tae-Hun Kim
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He received B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the Mokpo National University of Korea, in 2017. He Has M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the Mokpo National University of Korea, in 2020. He is currently a Ph.D. course in Electrical Engineering from the Mokpo National University of Korea.

Tae-Sik Park
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He received the Ph.D. degree from Korea University, in 2000, in electrical engineering. He was with Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology as a Senior Research Engineer in 2000. From 2005 to 2013, he was an Administrative Official at Korea Intellec-tual Property Office, Daejeon, Korea. In 2011, he was a Research Fellow at the University of Michigan-Dearborn. In 2013, he joined the Department of Electrical and Control Engineering,