Mobile QR Code QR CODE : Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Ph.D. course, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea)
  2. (Professor, School of Electrical Engineering, Pyeongtaek University, Korea)
  3. (Engineer, Dawonsys, Ansan, Korea)
  4. (Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea)



Auxiliary power supply unit, Harmonic reduction algorithm, LLC resonant converter, Railway vehicle, Resonant destruction detecting

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์น˜์ธ ๋ƒ‰๋‚œ๋ฐฉ ์žฅ์น˜, ๊ฐ์‹ค ์กฐ๋ช…, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „, ์ œ๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์••์ถ• ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ์„œ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค[1].

๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์„  ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••๊ณผ 3์ƒ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด DC-AC ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์— 60Hz ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[2].

์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์žฅํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํฐ 60Hz ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ kHz ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์Šค์œ„์นญ์šฉ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค[3-5]. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์†์‹ค์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ZVS ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค[6, 7]. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ(RL)์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ(RC)์˜ ์ตœ์ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์†Œ์† ๋ฐ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์ž์— 2์ฐจ ์†Œ์†์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋™ ์žฅ์น˜, ๊ณต์กฐ ์žฅ์น˜, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋™ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ—์  ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋“ค์€ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์šด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค[8]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์†์‹ค ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์—ญ๋ฅ  ๊ฐ์†Œ, ํšจ์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๋ฐœ์—ด ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์™œ๊ณก์— ๊ฐ•์ธํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ œ์› ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

Fig. 1์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์•• DC 900V โˆผ 1,800V๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ L-C ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ ์ „์••์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 3์ƒ ์„ ๊ฐ„ AC 670V๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํšŒ๋กœ์™€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ•„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์ง€์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 60Hz์˜ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ธก์— ์„ ๊ฐ„ AC 380V๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ์˜ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ƒ์Šน์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Structure of conventional auxiliary power supply for railway vehicles

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig1.png

Fig. 2๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๋ฒ…-์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€, ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€, 3์ƒ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 2. Structure of the propulsion control system for resonant auxiliary power supply unit

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig2.png

Fig. 3. Buck converter part of resonant auxiliary power supply unit

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig3.png

Fig. 4. Resonant converter part of resonant auxiliary power supply unit

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig4.png

Fig. 5. 3-ph. inverter part of resonant auxiliary power supply unit

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig5.png

Fig. 6. Battery charger converter part of resonant auxiliary power supply unit

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig6.png

Fig. 3์€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๋ฒ…-์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ•์••์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐœ์—ด ๋ฐ ์†Œ์ž ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์ค‘ ์ตธํผํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์Šค์œ„์นญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 5๋Š” 3์ƒ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์•„ 3์ƒ ์„ ๊ฐ„ AC 380 V๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 6์€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ DC-DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 1๊ณผ Fig. 2๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด Fig. 1์— ๋น„ํ•ด Fig. 2์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฃผํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ Fig. 2์˜ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ์ „์žฅํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋Š” Fig. 1 ํƒ€์ž…๊ณผ Fig. 2 ํƒ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋ฉฐ ๋‘ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด Fig. 2 ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 20% ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3. ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ ์„ค๊ณ„

(1)
$K(Q,\: m,\: F_{x})=\dfrac{F_{x}^{2}(m-1)}{\sqrt{(m F_{x}^{2}-1)^{2}+F_{x}^{2}(F_{x}^{2}-1)^{2}(m-1)^{2}Q^{2}}}$
(2)
$ Q=\dfrac{\sqrt{RL/RC}}{R_{ac}}\\ R_{ac}=\dfrac{8}{\pi^{2}}\dfrac{N_{p}^{2}}{N_{s}^{2}}R \\ F_{x}=\dfrac{f_{s}}{f_{r}}\\ f_{r}=\dfrac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{RL RC}}\\ m=\dfrac{RL+L_{m}}{RL} $

Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit of an LLC resonant converter

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig7.png

Fig. 7์€ LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค[9]. ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ ์ •์€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“ ๊ณก์„  ๋ฐ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ (1)์€ LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“ ์ˆ˜์‹, ์‹ (2)๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $K$๋Š” ์ „์•• ์ด๋“, $f_{c}$๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, $f_{r}$์€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, $L_{m}$์€ ์žํ™” ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค, $F_{x}$๋Š” $f_{c}$์™€ $f_{r}$์˜ ๋น„์œจ, $RL$์€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ธํ„ฑํ„ด์Šค, $RC$๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค, $m$์€ $L_{m}$๊ณผ $RL$์˜ ๋น„์œจ, $Q$๋Š” Quality factor, $R$์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ €ํ•ญ, $R_{ac}$๋Š” $R$์˜ 1์ฐจ ์ธก ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ €ํ•ญ, $N_{p}$์™€ $N_{s}$๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1, 2์ฐจ ์ธก ๊ถŒ์„  ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8์€ ์‹ (1)์„ Mathworks ์‚ฌ์˜ Matlab๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 8(a)๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‚ฎ์€ $m$ ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ด๋“ ๊ณก์„ ์„, (b)๋Š” ๋†’์€ $m$ ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ด๋“ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 8์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋†’์€ $m$์˜ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“ ๊ณก์„ ์—์„œ๋Š” $F_{x}$์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ „์•• ์ด๋“์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ „ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 1์— ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ $F_{x}$์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ 1์— ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋†’์€ $m$๊ฐ’์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 8. Voltage gain graph of resonant tank with different m value (a) : $C_{r}$=13ฮผF, $L_{r}$=27ฮผH, $m$=112 (b) : $C_{r}$=48ฮผF, $L_{r}$=7.5ฮผH, $m$=400

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig8.png

Table 1. LLC resonant converter design parameters

Parameter

Mark

Value

Unit

Rated Output Power

$P_{out}$

200

$k W$

Input Voltage

$V_{i n}$

722

$V$

Output Voltage

$V_{out}$

670

$V$
Turn Ratio ($N_{s}/N_{p}$) $n$

0.928

-

Resonant Inductance

$RL$

7.5

$\mu H$

Resonant Capacitance

$RC$

48

$\mu F$

Switching Frequency

$f_{s}$

7

$k H z$

Table 1์€ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ 7kHz์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋†’์€ $m$๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , $F_{x}$๊ฐ€ 1์— ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ธ 48ฮผF์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹ (2)์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ 7.5ฮผH๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

Fig. 9๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋ฒ…-์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฒ…-์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ค‘ ์ตธํผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์œ— ์ƒ๊ณผ ์•„๋žซ ์ƒ์˜ ๋“€ํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ…-์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋Š” DC 900Vโˆผ1800V๋กœ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••์„ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ DC 722V์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 9. Control block diagram of buck-converter

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig9.png

Fig. 10. Control block diagram of 3-ph. inverter

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig10.png

Fig. 11. Control block diagram of battery charger converter

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig11.png

Fig. 12. Control block diagram of overall resonant auxiliary power supply

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig12.png

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ ์ธก์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ๋ฐ›์•„ DC 722V ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์••์ œ์–ด์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด์ค‘ ์ตธํผ ์œ— ์ƒ๊ณผ ์•„๋žซ ์ƒ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์•• ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ์ „์•• ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋“€ํ‹ฐ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 10์€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 3์ƒ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ๋ฐ›์•„ d-q ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™๊ธฐ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ „์••์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ DC 670V์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ ์„ ๊ฐ„ 3์ƒ AC 380V, 60Hz์˜ ์ „์••์„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ญ๋ฅ ์€ 0.85์ด๋ฉฐ AC ๋ถ€ํ•˜์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 170 kVA๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 11์€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ ธ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ถ€์™€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ DC 670V๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์ƒ ํ’€-๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ ์ธก ์ „์••์„ ์„ผ์‹ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ง€๋ น์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ƒ ํ’€-๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ PWM ๋“€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 6kHz์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋ณด ์Šค์œ„์นญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 2์ฐจ ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์€ DC 100V๋กœ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 30kW์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 12๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์œ„์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฐ ์ œ์–ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์„ ์ „์••์„ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฒ… ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ DC 722V ๊ฐ•์••๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ ธ ๋ถ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ DC 670V๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์„ ๊ฐ„ AC 380V๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ ธ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ DC 100V ์ „์••์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์••์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€

์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ (1)์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์†Œ์† ํ˜น์€ ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ์˜ ์†Œ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ MCU์—์„œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ ์ธก ์‹ค์ œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ โ€˜0โ€™์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ (Zero Crossing Point)๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ”ผํฌ ์ง€์ (Peak Current Point)์„ ์„ผ์‹ฑ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ํƒฑํฌ์˜ ์†Œ์ž ๊ฐ’์€ ์‹ (2)์˜ $f_{r}$ ์‹์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ผ์‹ฑ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ์ปค์•ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ MCU๊ฐ€ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์ ์€ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ MCU์—์„œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ ์ธก DC ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ธก ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์„ผ์‹ฑ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์— ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด, ์‹œํ€€์Šค ์ œ์–ด, ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋™์ž‘ ์ œ์–ด, ๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ก, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ†ต์‹  ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ œ์–ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 13. Current graph of the secondary side of the transformer

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig13.png
(3)
$ h_{1}\int_{0}^{a}\sin\dfrac{\pi}{a}x dx\\ =h_{1}\dfrac{a}{\pi}(\cos 0-\cos\pi)\\ =\dfrac{2ah_{1}}{\pi} $
(4)
$ h_{2}\int_{0}^{b}\sin\dfrac{\pi}{b}x dx\\ =h_{2}\dfrac{b}{\pi}(\cos 0-\cos\pi)\\ =\dfrac{2bh_{2}}{\pi} $
(5)
$ \dfrac{2ah_{1}}{\pi}=\dfrac{2bh_{2}}{\pi}\\ \therefore h_{2}=\dfrac{a}{b}h_{1} $

Fig. 14. Transformer secondary current peak value corresponding to the load capacity

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig14.png

Fig. 13์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Fig. 13์˜ A ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ B ๋ฉด์ ์€ ๋™์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‹ (3)์€ A ๋ฉด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹ (4)๋Š” B ๋ฉด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. A ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ B ๋ฉด์ ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ (5)์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๋ฐ‘๋ณ€์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 14๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ (6)๊ณผ ์‹ (7)์€ Fig. 14์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 14์—์„œ A ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ •์ƒ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋ฉฐ B ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 20% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. B์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” A์˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ (7)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(6)
$y=\dfrac{I_{peak,\: 2nd}}{P_{"total"}}x$
(7)
$y=\dfrac{a}{b}\dfrac{I_{peak,\: 2nd}}{P_{"total"}}x$

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ (7)์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ 20% ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ผ์‹ฑํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 20%์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์†Œ์ž ์‚ฌ์–‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

6. ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

Fig. 15๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ธ”๋ก ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์˜ ์ „์••์€ ์ „์•• ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์ง€๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ „์••์€ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ น ์ „์••์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ 5์ฐจ์™€ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €๊ฐ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ธฐ ์—์„œ๋Š” 3์ƒ ์ถœ๋ ฅ AC ์ „์••์„ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ธ 300Hz์™€ 420Hz๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐํ™” ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ d-q ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ 3์ƒ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ €์—ญ ํ†ต๊ณผ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ํ›„ 0์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ œ์–ด๋˜์–ด ์ง€๋ น ์ „์••์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ง€๋ น ์ „์••์€ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ง€ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ THD๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์˜ THD๊ฐ€ 3% ์ด๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ THD๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ํ›„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ „์••์˜ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ํ›„ ์ •์ง€ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์•• THD๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 15. Control block diagram of inverter with harmonic reduction algorithm

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig15.png

7. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 2๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ Powersim ์‚ฌ์˜ Psim Tool์„ ์ด์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 16์€ ์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 16(a)๋Š” ์ •๊ฒฉ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, (b)๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ 0% โ†’ 50% โ†’ 100% โ†’ 50% โ†’ 0%์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธ‰๋ณ€ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฒ… ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ DC ๋งํฌ ์ „์••์„ ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ›„ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ ธ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ AC 380V์™€ DC 100V์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ์‹œ์—๋„ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋™์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Table 2. Specification of resonant auxiliary power supply for railway vehicle

Parameter

Mark

Value

Unit

Rated AC Power

$P_{ac}$

170

$k VA$

Rated DC Power

$P_{dc}$

30

$k W$

Power Factor

$pf$

0.85

-

Input Voltage

$V_{i n}$

900~1800

$V_{dc}$

AC Ouuput Voltage

$V_{o,\: ac}$

380

$V_{tms}$

DC Ouuput Voltage

$V_{o,\: dc}$

100

$V_{dc}$

Fig. 16. Simulation results of resonant auxiliary power supply for railway vehicles

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig16.png

Fig. 17. Simulation results of resonant destruction detection

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig17.png

Table 3. Simulation results of resonant destruction detection

Parameter

Normal resonant

condition

Resonant destruction condition

Case 1

Case 2

Resonant inductance

7.5 ฮผH

7.5 ฮผH

5 ฮผH

Resonant capacitance

48 ฮผF

32 ฮผF

48 ฮผF

Resonant frequency

8,312 Hz

10,273 Hz

10,235 Hz

Resonant current peak value

217 A

265 A

267 A

Fig. 18. Simulation results of harmonic reduction algorithm

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig18.png

Table 3๊ณผ Fig. 17์€ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด์˜ ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์„ ์•ฝ 20% ์ •๋„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ 48ฮผF์—์„œ 32ฮผF์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” Case 1, ๊ณต์ง„ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ 7.5ฮผH์—์„œ 5ฮผH์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” Case 2๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig์˜ 17(a), (b), (c)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 50% ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด Case 1, Case 2์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ ์ธก์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์กฐ๊ฑด Case 1์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์€ 10.272kHz์™€ 265A์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์กฐ๊ฑด Case 2์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์€ 10.235kHz์™€ 267A์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ๊ณต์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ 8.312kHz์™€ 217A์˜ ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  23.36%, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ 22.58% ๋งŒํผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ‹€์–ด์ง„ ๋งŒํผ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig์˜ 17(d)์™€ (e)๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ธ Case 1, Case 2์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ •๊ฒฉ์˜ 30% ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’ ๋Œ€๋น„ 20% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 18์€ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ „์•• ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 18(a)๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ณ  Fig. 18(b)๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉ ํ•˜๋ฉด Fig. 18(b) ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 5์ฐจ, 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๊ฐ€ โ€˜0โ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „์•• THD๊ฐ€ 4.1%์—์„œ 2.4 %๋กœ ์ €๊ฐ ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

7. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 19๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 19(a)๋Š” ์ •๊ฒฉ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๋ฒ… ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ DC-link ์ „์••์ธ 766V๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ ์ธก์˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ DC-link ์ „์••์ธ 670V๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ ธ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ AC 380V์™€ DC 100V์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 19(b)๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธ‰๋ณ€ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ ์‹œ 0.2์ดˆ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ „์••์˜ 5% ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ 0% โ†’ 50% โ†’ 100% โ†’ 50% โ†’ 0%์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธ‰๋ณ€ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 19 (c)์™€ (d)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธ‰๋ณ€ 50% โ†’ 100%, 100% โ†’ 50% ์‹œ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธ‰๋ณ€ ์‹œ ๋ฒ… ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ, LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ, ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ ธ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 4์™€ Fig. 20์€ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์„ ์•ฝ 20% ์ •๋„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ 48ฮผF์—์„œ 32ฮผF์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 19. Experimental results of resonant auxiliary power supply for railway vehicles

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig19.png

Table 4. Experimental results of resonant destruction detction

Parameter

Normal resonant

condition

Resonant destruction condition

Case 1

Case 2

Resonant inductance

7.5 ฮผH

7.5 ฮผH

5 ฮผH

Resonant capacitance

48 ฮผF

32 ฮผF

48 ฮผF

Resonant frequency

8,312 Hz

10,273 Hz

10,235 Hz

Resonant current peak value

217 A

265 A

267 A

Fig. 20. Experimental results of resonant destruction detection

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig20.png

Fig. 20(a)์™€ (b)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 50% ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ ๊ณต์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ ์ธก์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Fig. 20(a)์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณต์ง„์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 8.22kHz์™€ 204A ์ด๋‹ค. Fig. 20(b)์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์€ 9.92kHz์™€ 246A์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œ ์ •์ƒ ๊ณต์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ณต์ง„์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 20.68%, 20.58% ๋งŒํผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ‹€์–ด์ง„ ๋งŒํผ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 20(c)๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹คํ—˜์€ Fig. 20(b)์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๋ชจ์‚ฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์˜ 30% ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 5. Protection operation of auxiliary power supply for railway vehicle

๊ณ ์žฅ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋™์ž‘

๋น„๊ณ 

๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์žฅ

Gate ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ž…/์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ปจํƒํ„ฐ off

๊ณ ์žฅ ํ•ด์†Œ ํ›„ ์ž๋™ ์žฌ๊ธฐ๋™

์ค‘๊ณ ์žฅ

Cut-out

๊ณ ์žฅ ํ•ด์†Œ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์žฌ๊ธฐ๋™

Fig. 21. THD of AC output voltage during nonlinear load operation

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig21.png

Fig. 22. Input/output voltage and current values during nonlinear load operation

../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2024.38.3.201/fig22.png

์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋™์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ณ ์žฅ 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ Gate ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ž…/์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ปจํƒํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ Off ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •์ง€ ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ•ด์†Œ๋œ ํ›„ 3์ดˆ ํ›„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ธฐ๋™ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ 180์ดˆ๊ฐ„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด 3๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ •์ง€ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ Cut-out ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต์ง„์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 20% ์ด์ƒ ํฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 21 ๋ฐ Fig. 22๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅํฐ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ธ AC ๋ƒ‰๋ฐฉ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ „๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ธฐ์••์ถ•๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ Fig. 21์€ AC ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ THD(๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.92%, 1.08%, 0.93%)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. Fig. 22๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ AC ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋ฅ , ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ € ์ถœ๋ ฅ DC ์ „์••, ๊ฐ€์„  ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ์ € ์ถœ๋ ฅ DC ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์€ AC ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „๋ ฅ(72.6ใŽพ)๊ณผ DC ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „๋ ฅ(99.96V ร— 10.8A = 1.079ใŽพ)์„ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์—์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ(1,556V ร— 49.5A)์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ 95.6%๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 3์ƒ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์— 5์ฐจ ๋ฐ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐ ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ 3์ƒ ์ „์•• ์™œ์œจ์ด 3% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ 95% ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

8. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜๋Š” LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ 170kVA ๋ฐ ์ง๋ฅ˜ 30kW ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ๋ณด์กฐ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ LLC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“ ๊ฐ’์„ 1์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ณต์ง„ ํŒŒ๊ดด ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง„ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์ง„ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 20% ์ด์ƒ ํด ๋•Œ ๊ณต์ง„ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋™์ž‘์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹จ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 5์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ์™€ 7์ฐจ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ THD๊ฐ€ 3% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์ง„ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ €๊ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

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Biography

An-Yeol Ko
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He received his M.S. degrees in Power Electronics Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, in 2014. He is currently working toward Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering at Sungkyunkwan University. His research interest is control of motor dirves and power conversion systems.

Do-Yun Kim
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He received his M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Power Electronics Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University in 2016, he was taken over as a researcher by LG Electronics VC(VS) division, and as a senior researcher, he developed inverters for driving electric vehivles at LG Magna in 2021, and has been a professor at Pyeongtaek Universiti since 2023.

Seong-Yun Kang
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He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Since 2017, he has been with Dawonsys Co., Ltd, Ansan, Korea. His current research interests include motor drives and grid-connected systems.

Junsin Yi
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He received the B.S. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea, in 1989, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic and electrical engineering from The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, USA, in 1991 and 1994, respectively, He is currently working as a Professor with Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea. His main research interests include solar cells and thin-film Transistor.

Chung-Yuen Won
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He was born in Korea, in 1955. He received his B.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, in 1978; and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, in 1980 to 1991, he was with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA, as a Visiting Professor. Since 1988, he has been a member of the faculty of Sungkyunkwan University, where he is a Professor in the College of Information and Communication Engineering. He is also the director of the Samsung Energy Power Research Center. He was the President of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics, in 2010. Since 2011, he has been a director of the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies. His current research interests include the power electronics of electric machines, electri/hybrid vehicle drives, and power converters for renewable energy system. He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE).