Journal of
the Architectural Institute of Korea

Monthly
  • ISSN : 2733-6239(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6247(Online)

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System Improvement for Fire Safety Standards in Temporary Buildings

이여경(Lee, Yeo-Kyung) ; 이화영(Lee, Hwa-Young)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.3

This study comprehensively explores the current legislative framework governing temporary buildings, with particular emphasis on fire safety regulations and potential regulatory enhancements. Through systematic analysis of management targets, legal standards, and administrative procedures, this research identifies critical gaps and proposes strategic improvements. The findings reveal several key areas requiring immediate attention. The current classification system of temporary buildings requires fundamental reorganization to align with contemporary concepts of temporary use, necessitating expanded fire safety management targets that reflect the diverse nature of temporary structures. Furthermore, existing construction and firefighting standards must be supplemented to address the unique characteristics and inherent risks of temporary buildings. Specific regulatory enhancements include establishing mandatory minimum separation distances between structures, implementing comprehensive emergency alarm systems, and ensuring adequate indoor fire extinguisher provision. Additionally, administrative procedures must be strengthened, particularly for high fire-risk facilities. These recommendations collectively aim to create a robust, comprehensive regulatory framework that effectively addresses fire safety challenges in temporary buildings while maintaining practical implementation feasibility.

A Study on the Architectural Planning Considering the Comfortable Learning Environment by Improving the Ventilation Structure of Modular Classrooms

강희선(Kang, Hee-sun) ; 신재희(Shin, Jae-hee) ; 이승민(Lee, Seungmin) ; 박정수(Park, Jeong-su)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.15

Due to recent social changes, the demand for small-scale buildings has increased, and the market for reusable and economical modular buildings continues to grow. Currently, about 90% of all modular buildings in Korea are applied to educational facilities. However, in the measurement of indoor air quality and harmful substances of modular buildings conducted by Busan City, there was a case where some of the target buildings exceeded the standard, and parents who encountered them strongly opposed the installation of modular buildings. In addition, the Ministry of Education's 2023 Modular Classroom Survey of 3,870 students showed that lack of ventilation and window problems were the main problems. Ventilation and windows are very important factors in creating a comfortable learning environment in a modular classroom and can also affect the health of occupants. This study planned to directly measure and analyze the indoor air quality of current modular classrooms to plan the shape of windows and a ventilation structure suitable for the classroom, and to provide a comfortable learning environment for occupants in consideration of the number of occupants, their activity time, carbon dioxide concentration in the classroom, and air flow.

A Case Study on Development and Use of a Case-Based Learning(CBL) Design Project Operation Model for Improving Cognitive Thinking Abilities of University Architecture Students

이도영(Lee, Do-Young)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.23

As applied to a 3rd year’s architectural design project in G university, this study was proposed to examine learning effects of the CBL(cased-based learning) method particularly in developing learners’ cognitive thinking abilities on professional level. A CBL model for architectural design project operation was developed and used for 3 consecutive years, 1st semester 2022 to 2nd semester 2024. An architectural design project was selected as a case and examined via deep interviews with the architect to figure out some critical decision points(CDP) which were made directly by himself and lead to its success. As a result, 6 critical points were finally designated, scripts for each point were written, a professional camera director was contacted for studio shooting, and a 6 set of videos were prepared for use in appropriate situations of the operation process. In addition to the anchored instruction method, field-based practical working manual and tools were used all throughout the project operation process. Based on responses from 21 volunteers of survey questions and post interviews, the study found that field-based practical ways of conducting a design project were favored over a purely academic approach among learners, and exposure of the corresponding video on each CDP helped the learners to solve problems or reduce uncertainty they faced.

Analyzing Research Trends in Domestic Industrial Buildings in the Fields of Urban and Architectural Studies Using LDA Topic Modeling

이다니엘(Lee, Daniel) ; 오경호(Oh, Kyungho) ; 최규진(Choi, Kyujin) ; 김서영(Kim, Seoyoung) ; 손동욱(Shon, Dong-wook)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.35

Industrial buildings has evolved beyond its traditional role as production facilities, becoming integral components of urban spaces and social infrastructure. This study aims to systematically analyze research trends in industrial buildings within South Korea’s urban and architectural context. Text mining techniques, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and Term Frequency?Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, were applied to 285 papers published between 2000 and 2024. The analysis identified five major research topics and revealed a shift from technical concerns toward broader themes such as urban regeneration, regional growth, and technological innovation. Recent studies reinterpret industrial buildings as strategic platforms supporting sustainable urban development and innovation-based economies. This study contributes by providing a longitudinal perspective on the evolution of industrial building research and suggesting directions for multidisciplinary integration in future studies.

An Analysis of the Characteristics of Urban Shrinkage in Busan, South Korea, within the Context of East Asian Urban Shrinkage

양스샹(Yang, Shi-Shang) ; 노지화(Roh, Ji-Hwa)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.47

Busan, the second-largest city in South Korea, is currently undergoing a population decline. Traditional studies often rely on population as a single indicator to evaluate urban shrinkage, yet this phenomenon is inherently multi-dimensional. Accordingly, this study examines the 16 basic local governments under Busan Metropolitan City and establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system across three dimensions: population, economy, and space. The entropy method is applied to dynamically assign weights to each dimension, and local governments are ranked in stages. Based on the changes in rankings of each unit, four types of urban shrinkage are identified: continuous shrinkage, continuous expansion, mitigated shrinkage, and intensified shrinkage. From the distribution of these types, Busan demonstrates distinct characteristics of East Asian urban shrinkage, namely the coexistence of growth and decline. Specifically, except for Gangseo-gu and Gijang-gun, all other local governments exhibit varying forms of shrinkage. By analyzing the features of each type across the three dimensions and examining representative cases, this study proposes targeted urban development strategies to support local governments in formulating effective policy responses.

Exploring a Publicness Audit Framework for Public Architecture in Korea Through Application Across Statutory Project Phases

김예리(Kim, Yerie) ; 박소현(Park, Sohyun)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.59

As stated in the Framework Act on Architecture, which emphasizes that architecture must realize public values, publicness is an inherent value of architecture. Many previous studies such as Kohn, 2004; Nemeth & Schmidt, 2007, 2011; Varna & Tiesdell, 2010; Langstraat et al., 2015; Wang & Chen, 2010; Lopes, Cruz & Pinho, 2019 have attempted to define architectural publicness. However, these studies used different terminologies and defining dimensions, making it difficult to identify overall research trends or to evaluate the publicness of actual buildings using a unified set of criteria. This study synthesizes and reorganizes various publicness dimensions and audit systems proposed in previous research and develops a new framework for defining and evaluating publicness, incorporating Korea’s legislated public architecture processes. The resulting framework proposes four new dimensions: Users and Purpose, Management, Physical Configuration, and Civility, and designs an audit system for each project phase. The system includes content analysis of design competition guidelines as outcomes of the public architecture planning process, visual assessment of physical design elements in public architecture projects awarded through competitions, and surveys capturing actual users’ perceptions of the facilities. Unlike existing evaluation methods, which focus primarily on quantifiable measures such as accessibility, the proposed publicness audit system actively incorporates qualitative aspects such as civility. By aligning with Korea’s legislated public architecture processes, this study highlights the potential of the audit framework’s results at each project phase to serve as preliminary resources for future public architecture projects and related policymaking.

Developing Architectural Planning Elements for Revitalizing Senior Welfare Centers

신한나(Shin, Han-na)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.71

This study systematically prioritizes architectural planning elements for senior welfare centers in response to evolving user needs shaped by rapid population aging and the entry of the baby boomer generation into old age. Based on a preceding Delphi study that identified 18 key elements, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to evaluate their relative importance through structured pairwise comparisons. The analysis revealed that health support, accessibility, mobility convenience, and safety emerged as the most critical priorities, underscoring the importance of secure and health-promoting environments for elderly users. By contrast, elements such as comfort, sociability, and operational systems received lower rankings, yet they were still recognized as meaningful complementary factors that contribute to overall functionality and user satisfaction. These findings highlight the necessity of distinguishing between essential and supportive elements when planning senior welfare centers. Moreover, the study offers an evidence-based framework that can inform both policymakers and architects in the formulation of effective design guidelines. Ultimately, the results emphasize that a balanced planning approach?one that ensures safety and accessibility while also promoting comfort and social participation?will be fundamental to enhancing the quality of life in senior welfare facilities.

A Study on the Flexible Arrangement of the Lower Floors of Technology and Home Economics Classrooms Reflecting Topological Changes in Special Classrooms according to the Middle School Curriculum

문경숙(Moon, Kyoung-Sook) ; 고인룡(Koh, In-Lyong)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.81

This study explores flexible spatial restructuring strategies for Technology and Home Economics Classrooms in response to the 2022 revised curriculum in South Korea. As the curriculum emphasizes project-based learning and interdisciplinary practices, spatial repositioning of special classrooms?particularly the Technology and Home Economics Classrooms?from upper floors to centralized lower-floor clusters becomes essential. Using quantitative indicators such as the Spatial Concentration Index (CI), Dispersion Index (DI), and spatial topological connectivity diagrams, this study compares Japanese models (Nishiharu and Ooguchi Middle Schools) with three Korean middle school cases. Findings show that Japanese schools with clustered, low-floor layouts exhibit strong spatial centrality and connectivity (CI=7.00), contributing to more effective and learner-centered environments. This study proposes that such flexible, integrated placement of special classrooms can serve as a practical guideline for future curriculum-aligned school spatial planning.

Residents’ Perceptions of Place in Sejong City’s Community Spaces

정혜영(Chung, Hyeyoung)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.93

Since the 1970s, the weakening of settlement foundations in South Korea has contributed to a gradual decline in community cohesion. In response, efforts have been made to integrate community-oriented facilities into new town developments. As part of this strategy, Sejong City introduced the Complex Community model to revitalize residential life, leading to a growing body of related research. However, most existing studies have emphasized supply-driven planning approaches, with limited attention to user perspectives. This study addresses that gap by examining complex community spaces in Sejong’s residential areas from a user-centered viewpoint. Multiple case sites were analyzed for their physical characteristics, and a resident survey was conducted to explore the relationship between spatial attributes and perceptions of place. Findings indicate that the physical features of complex communities strongly influence residents’ perceptions, particularly in shaping place identity. Complex Community centers, commercial facilities near central areas and transit corridors, and adjacent public spaces were perceived as meaningful due to their close connection with daily life. Applying high-quality design to these spaces and improving their connectivity with surrounding public areas is therefore essential to establishing the Complex Community as genuine centers of everyday residential life. This study contributes academically by highlighting user perspectives and offers practical insights for future community space planning in residential settings.

Factors Affecting Architecture Students’ Intention to Use Wood as a Building Material

강수빈(Kang, Soo-Bin) ; 박희준(Park, Hee-Jun) ; 장미선(Jang, Mi-Seon)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.10.105

Amid rising global concerns about climate change and the urgent goal of carbon neutrality, wood has gained attention as a sustainable building material due to its low carbon emissions, renewability, and psychological benefits. This study examines the factors influencing the intention to use wood as a construction material among university students in architectural design and related fields, applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the guiding framework. A structured questionnaire was designed to evaluate the three core TPB components: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. The survey also measured participants’ knowledge, educational background, and previous experience using wood. A total of 121 valid responses were collected and analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The findings showed that the overall intention to use wood was relatively high. Among the TPB variables, only subjective norm had a statistically significant effect on intention. Attitude, perceived behavioral control, knowledge, and educational background did not show meaningful influence. These findings suggest that perceived social expectations from peers, instructors, or the professional community may shape behavioral intention more strongly than personal attitudes or knowledge. The study highlights the importance of fostering an educational environment that encourages the use of sustainable building materials such as wood.