이건일(Lee, Geon-il) ; 정수환(Cheong, Soo-hwan) ; 이세진(Lee, Se-jin) ; 백진(Baek, Jin) ; 이충헌(Lee, Choong-hun) ; 김경환(Kim, Kyung-hwan) ; 양현정(Yang, Hyeon-Jeong) ; 정준수(Chung, Joon-soo)
https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.7.59
This study examines global space architecture proposals, focusing on modular types and technological classifications. Although international
activity in this field is growing, South Korea's involvement remains limited in the early stages. Using data from international projects
archived by SpaceArchitect.org, the research analyzes modules based on two elements: the classification system by Cohen & Kennedy (1997,
p. 85) and exterior forms in relation to spatial constraints such as spheres, cylinders, and other shapes. Applying these typological criteria,
the study reinterprets relevant cases to identify key characteristics and distribution patterns, particularly the relationship between exterior form
and technological development. In terms of form, cylindrical and spherical modules are most common due to their efficiency in withstanding
pressure differentials. From a technological perspective, the classification reveals distinct differences across module types. Class 1 modules are
pre-integrated and ready for immediate use, but are limited by payload capacity. Class 2 modules consist of prefabricated components
requiring assembly, offering more adaptability. Class 3 modules rely on in-situ resource utilization and represent the most advanced stage of
space architecture, though they require significant technological progress. More than half of the reviewed cases fall into Class 3, indicating
that many space habitat concepts are currently speculative imagination. The findings highlight the need for a structured foundation in South
Korea's space architecture efforts, emphasizing the development of Class 1 and 2 modules as practical starting points for future progress.