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Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

Journal of
the Architectural Institute of Korea

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  • ISSN : 2733-6239(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6247(Online)
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Current Issue : Vol.41 No.8, 2025-08

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Identifying Success Factors and Priorities in Public Architecture Design Procurement Using AHP

박지훈(Park, Ji-Hoon) ; 김경배(Kim, Kyung-Bae)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.3

In recent years, national and local governments have placed greater emphasis on the role of public architecture in enhancing the quality of the built environment, prompting revisions to related legislation and policy frameworks. Despite these policy-level improvements, significant challenges persist in the practical operation of public architecture design procurement systems, particularly in terms of transparency, efficiency, and quality assurance. Moreover, systematic research exploring concrete strategies for improving these systems remains insufficient. This study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify key success factors and determine strategic priorities within the public architecture procurement process. Through a mixed-method approach that includes case studies from Seoul, Yeongju, and Paju, as well as expert interviews and structured surveys, the study offers an in-depth analysis of the current system. Findings indicate that architectural planning and design review are perceived as top priorities, followed by issues related to competitive tendering and bidding methods. Based on these insights, the study proposes practical strategies such as increasing the involvement of public architects, forming expert review panels, and establishing transparent, criteria-based evaluation frameworks.

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A Study on the Spatial Layout and User Interference in Cremation Facilities

김한준(Kim, Han June) ; 염상훈(Youm, Sang Hoon)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.13

This study aims to identify movement interference within cremation facilities as a major factor that hinders the smooth progression of ceremonial and waiting procedures. Factors that disrupt user experiences in cremation facilities include the presence and placement of family waiting rooms, the connection between ash collection rooms and exits, the arrangement of vertical circulation routes, and the size and configuration of shared spaces. When users are not clearly separated according to procedural stages, issues such as ambiguous boundaries, congestion, and movement interference arise, undermining the solemnity of the ceremony and user convenience. This research conducts spatial analyses and field surveys of facilities such as Suwon Yeonhwajang, Incheon Family Park, Seoul Municipal Crematorium, Yongin Baek-Un's Rest, and Hambaksan Memorial Park, confirming that inappropriate spatial configurations result in overlapping movement paths and congestion, thereby reducing operational efficiency. The findings emphasize the importance of clearly delineating ceremonial and waiting areas, securing dedicated routes for each procedure, and minimizing visual and physical interference. By addressing these issues, this study offers meaningful insights into the design and operational optimization of cremation facilities, contributing to both functional efficiency and the provision of dignified services.

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GIS-Based Hub Strategy for High-Speed Railway Stations Through City-Hub and Enter-Hub Frameworks

정용화(Jung, Yong-Hwa) ; 박용서(Park, Yong-Seo)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.25

This study proposes a strategic framework for developing West Kowloon Station (WKS) in Hong Kong as an integrated urban hub. It addresses key urban challenges such as spatial fragmentation, ecological disconnection, and inefficiencies in intermodal transfers caused by large-scale railway infrastructure. Using GIS-based analytical tools, the research examines how WKS was planned and built as a multidimensional hub. The analysis focuses on three core planning areas: transportation network integration, environmental impact assessment, and urban development visualization. City-Hub theory informs strategies including multimodal transfer systems, pedestrian networks, ventilation corridors, and green axes, all aimed at enhancing infrastructure connectivity and restoring ecological flow. Enter-Hub theory supports mixed-use zoning, the alignment of visual corridors in public spaces, and step-down skyline regulations to shape urban form and guide development. Empirical findings show that WKS functions not only as a transportation hub but also as a multilayered spatial platform that supports diverse urban functions. The case of WKS provides a reference model for GIS-based hub development strategies in future high-speed rail-oriented urban redevelopment projects.

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Trends in Research on Physical and Mental Well-Being in Workplace

주한나(Ju, Hannah) ; 유성민(Yu, Soungmin)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.37

The purpose of this study is to explore the applicability of incorporating users' physical and mental well-being into future workplace design, following the growing emphasis on user-centered workplace planning after the COVID-19 pandemic. Abstracts of prior academic theses related to "workplace" were collected through web scraping, and keywords were extracted and analyzed through frequency analysis, keyword network analysis, clustering analysis, and TF-IDF (Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency) analysis. The results showed that, compared to the pre-pandemic period, the post-pandemic period has seen an increased emphasis on the flexibility of work environments, the expanded concept of workplaces, and greater attention to users within workplace settings. Consequently, the importance of users' physical and mental well-being was also identified. It is expected that this study will be utilized as a foundational resource for planning workplaces from the perspective of physical and mental well-being in the future.

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Exploring Research Trends and Development Strategies for Small and Medium-Sized Cities Through Keyword Network Analysis

이다니엘(Lee, Daniel) ; 안대환(An, Dai-Whan)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.49

This study analyzes research trends related to small and medium-sized cities within the fields of urban planning and architecture in Korea. Using keyword network analysis, it examines the connections among academic papers that focus on these cities from urban and architectural perspectives. The findings show a steady increase in annual publications, suggesting that interest in small and medium-sized cities is expected to grow through a range of research approaches. In particular, studies on urban policy, regeneration, and development, especially those related to population issues, are likely to remain prominent. As national economies develop, the scope of research is anticipated to broaden from transportation and infrastructure to include disaster management and public safety. Housing and living space studies are also projected to strengthen their connection with urban policy, especially in response to national crises such as COVID-19, which have highlighted the need to reassess and improve existing systems. Overall, this study identifies emerging research directions and challenges for small and medium-sized cities in urban and architectural contexts, offering a foundation for future exploration.

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Assessing the Residential Suitability of Elderly Housing in Coastal Island Communities from the Fall Prevention Perspective

이연숙(Lee, Yeun-Sook) ; 조승연(Cho, Seung-Yeon) ; 전은정(Jun, Eun-Jung)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.61

South Korea faces growing challenges from population decline, an aging society, and industrial restructuring, contributing to the rise of declining and vanishing areas. In rural coastal regions with limited healthcare access, elderly residents often live in inadequate housing, exacerbating daily difficulties?especially the risk of falls. This study examines the residential suitability of elderly housing in isolated coastal villages, focusing on fall prevention using the User Benefit Criteria Theory. Data were collected from 30 elderly households on Yeonpyeongdo, randomly selected with support from the Urban Regeneration Support Center and the Residents’ Association. In June 2023, individual interviews, housing assessments, and structured surveys were conducted using a fall prevention checklist. Results showed that 66% had joint-related illnesses, 43% had spinal conditions, and all households faced fall hazards, such as raised thresholds, slippery floors, and lack of handrails. Priority needs involved handrail installation and household item reorganization. According to the theory, Behavioral Facilitation was the most significant factor (61%), followed by Perceptual (22%) and Physiological Maintenance (15%). These findings suggest that current housing restricts mobility and functioning while neglecting cognitive and hygienic support. Tailored interventions should address both aging-related decline and the unique conditions of coastal areas, providing a theoretical basis for user-centered housing policy and integrated care strategies.

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Reflections on a Critical Theory in Place-Contextualized Art Museum Architecture

이도은(Lee, Doeun) ; 심한별(Shim, Hanbyul)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.73

This study explores a critical theory for interpreting place-contextualized art museum architecture through a relational approach grounded in Kant's and Derrida's concepts of ergon and parergon. As museums transform from simple exhibition spaces into strategic assets for cultural economy and regional identity, their architectural design exists in a dynamic balance between exhibition themes and the surrounding place context. The research proposes a theoretical framework that views museum architecture as a mediator between these elements. Four typologies emerge from the relationship between museum architecture, exhibition content, and contextual surroundings: integrated, exhibition-focused, context-isolated and place-focused. Case studies of Bargello National Museum, Choi man-lin Museum, and Duson Gallery reveal three relational mechanisms: correspondence, resonance and tension. The analysis shows that museum architecture acts both as parergon and ergon, enabling museums to shape the representation of place-context in relation to exhibition content. This relational approach offers museum professionals strategic tools to design visitor experiences that connect with local contexts while fulfilling curatorial goals. This study contributes to museum studies by providing an aesthetic framework for understanding how architecture mediates between exhibitions and context, suggesting that meaningful museum experiences arise from the interaction of architectural form and exhibition content.

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A Generation Method and Evaluation of Architectural Facade Design Using Stable Diffusion with LoRA and ControlNet

박정민(Park, Jungmin) ; 홍순민(Hong, Soonmin) ; 추승연(Choo, Seungyeon)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.85

This study proposes a novel approach for generating architectural facade images by combining the Stable Diffusion model with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and ControlNet. The standard Stable Diffusion model faces limitations in accurately reflecting architectural elements and material characteristics, which are critical in the design process. To address these challenges, this research integrates domain-specific fine-tuning using LoRA and precise shape control through ControlNet. LoRA allows the model to effectively learn architectural styles and details, ensuring better representation of essential design elements such as windows, balconies, and facade materials. Meanwhile, ControlNet utilizes Canny Edge and Depth Map information to enhance shape accuracy and spatial consistency, enabling more reliable image generation. The generated images were evaluated through Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) scores for quantitative analysis and GPT-4V-based qualitative evaluation, providing a more comprehensive understanding of architectural coherence and visual fidelity. The GPT-4V assessment offered insights into spatial relationships, contextual relevance, and material expression that are not easily captured through traditional metrics. This combined approach reduces the repetitive manual adjustments commonly required in text-prompt-based image generation and facilitates a more intuitive and efficient design process during the early stages of architectural planning. By improving control over detailed architectural features, the proposed method contributes to the automation of facade design, offering significant potential for real-world applications in architectural design and visualization. Future research will focus on expanding the dataset to include diverse architectural styles and validating its practical application in design and construction.

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A Study on Improvements of the ‘Architect Agency Work System’ through a Survey of the Changwon City’s System

이강주(Lee, Gahng-Ju) ; 노갑성(Noh, Kab-Seong)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.97

The Architect Agency Work System was introduced in Korea to improve efficiency and transparency in building administration by allowing licensed architects to carry out site inspections and review documents for permits and occupancy approvals. However, several issues have emerged, including insufficient compensation, overlapping responsibilities, and unclear role boundaries, which have raised questions about its effectiveness and fairness. This study explores the institutional history and legal foundation of the system, analyzes relevant case laws in countries such as Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and presents a survey of architects in Changwon City to identify key operational challenges. The proposed improvements are organized into three areas. The first focuses on the scope of agency work, addressing facilities for people with disabilities as well as clarifying roles and responsibilities. The second area suggests changes to operational procedures, including the designation and methods used by agents. The third area emphasizes strengthening the social status of architects acting as agents, with a focus on their professional standing and fair compensation for their work. The study highlights the need to move from a model of passive delegation toward one of institutional entrustment and offers practical and policy-focused recommendations for creating a more balanced and effective system.

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A Study on the Types and Characteristics of Spatial Regeneration Through Urban Agriculture

이의주(Lee, EuiJu) ; 변나향(Byun, Nahyang)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.8.107

The tradition of agriculture is declining due to excessive urbanization and industrialization, and the environmental, social, and economic value of urban agriculture becomes a means to induce spatial regeneration in the accelerating urbanization structure. This study aims to derive various architectural strategies for spatial regeneration through case analysis of urban agricultural space regeneration types and locational characteristics in Canada. Canadian space regeneration types can be classified into park development, educational facilities, and renovation. The characteristics of spatial regeneration require a community space where urban agricultural spaces can stay and can be integrated with urban spatial structures without restrictions on various uses, areas, and sizes. In addition, urban agriculture was encouraged inside the city, not outside the city, as a means of restoring tradition, exchanging urban and rural communication.

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