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Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering

Journal of
the Architectural Institute of Korea

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  • ISSN : 2733-6239(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6247(Online)
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Current Issue : Vol.41 No.1, 2025-01

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Exploring the Impact of Indoor Environment Visibility on Wayfinding in Normal and Emergency Situations

저우지아이(Chou, Chiayi) ; 조지영(Cho, Ji Young)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.3

Wayfinding plays a critical role in indoor environments, where failure can lead to psychological, economic, and physical challenges. Visibility, defined as the extent to which an environment is observable during wayfinding, enhances navigation and reduces confusion or route loss. While prior research has primarily examined user behaviors during wayfinding, there has been limited exploration of how behavior differs between normal and emergency situations. To address this, a virtual reality experiment was developed to study the impact of visibility on wayfinding performance in a simulated hospital under both normal and emergency conditions. The study analyzed the wayfinding behavior of 30 participants using objective measures such as time taken and number of turns, along with subjective assessments of psychological state. Results revealed that wall transparency significantly affected wayfinding, particularly by reducing the number of turns during emergencies. Additionally, notable differences were observed between wayfinding in normal and emergency scenarios. These findings offer valuable design insights for enhancing visibility in wayfinding and highlight the potential of virtual reality as a tool for wayfinding research.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Public Space in Gwangju Metropolitan City based on the Application of the 15-Minute City Concept

콘셉시온 머라이어 카밀(Concepcion, Mariah Camille) ; 유지원(Ryu, Ji-Won) ; 주범(Chu, Beom)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.15

Contemporary cities are facing challenges such as rapid urbanization, environmental concerns, and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, urban designers and policymakers are reevaluating urban spaces, emphasizing sustainability and post-pandemic strategies to improve quality of life. The 15-Minute City concept reflects this shift, advocating for neighborhoods based on density, diversity, proximity, and ubiquity. Public spaces also play a crucial role in this concept, serving as hubs for essential urban functions and community engagement. However, there is a lack of domestic studies examining its spatial direction as the concept itself is still emerging. As such, this study explores the spatial implications of the 15-Minute City concept, focusing on public spaces in Gwangju Metropolitan City. It analyzes their current conditions, roles, and functions, identifying spatial characteristics based on the concept's planning components. The study evaluates their strengths and limitations in physical, functional, and social aspects. As a result, the findings emphasize the importance of integrating multiple roles and functions within public spaces to enhance social cohesion and interconnected urban environments. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of public space transformation in the context of the 15-Minute City and suggests directions for future improvements of domestic urban spaces in alignment with its principles.

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The Role of Workplace Design in Enhancing Employee Commitment

신정은(Shin, Jeong-Eun) ; 임호균(Lim, Ho-Kyun)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.27

This study analyzed the influence of workplace design elements on employee commitment through a survey of individuals working in indoor office environments. The survey evaluated the importance of workplace design elements across eight characteristics: three general attributes based on gender, age group, educational background, and five organizational attributes based on company type, industry or field, department or job type, years of service, and workspace user count. The analysis focused exclusively on workspaces. Findings indicated that workplace design for fostering employee commitment should align with employee characteristics, with general attributes like gender, age group, and educational background being more significant than organizational factors. Structural design elements, including outdoor space perception, circulation flow, visual appeal, and functionality, showed notable variations based on employee characteristics and warrant tailored consideration. Decorative elements, such as furniture, interior landscaping, personal lighting, and color, were also identified as crucial. Interestingly, the size of the workspace had minimal impact on employee commitment, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing individual workspace design. These insights can guide organizations in creating office environments that promote employee commitment and enhance overall productivity.

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A Study on the Governance Characteristics of Modern Office Buildings

한예진(Han, Ye-Jin) ; 임영환(Lim, Yeong-Hwan)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.39

As ESG management is required for sustainable development of companies, ESG evaluation of office buildings used as corporate headquarters has become important. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to define the architectural planning definition of governance and analyze the characteristics of corporate decision-making in office buildings. This paper considers the architectural planning definition of governance as 'planning a space that supports decision-making for sustainable growth of a company', and analyzes the historical changes of office buildings based on the characteristics of corporate decision-making, and summarizes the characteristics of corporate decision-making in modern office building architectural planning into three categories: flexible response, transparent approach, and horizontal environment. Modern office buildings respond flexibly to functional and social changes by aiming for open spaces that break down fixed walls. Modern office buildings utilize transparent glass materials and open spaces to ensure transparent access to information for employees. Modern office buildings provide a uniform work environment throughout the building, providing a horizontal work environment regardless of position. This paper is significant as an attempt to examine the ambiguous concept of governance in architectural planning and to understand the architectural planning of office buildings from a governance perspective.

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Wood Utilization in School Buildings

이학성(Lee, Haksung) ; 정진주(Jung, Jinju) ; 조재문(Jo, Jaemun) ; 김지연(Kim, Jeeyeon)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.51

This study aims to provide essential data to guide policies and establish standards for wooden school buildings in South Korea, addressing the current lack of specific guidelines and examples for wooden construction in schools. Wood, a sustainable building material with psychological and environmental benefits, is particularly suitable for educational settings. However, South Korea currently lacks the legal and institutional frameworks to encourage its use in school construction, with few examples of such buildings available. To better understand wood’s potential in school buildings, this study analyzes Japanese policies, case studies, construction costs, and wood utilization data. It includes site visits to notable Japanese wooden schools endorsed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and other bodies, assessing wood use, construction costs, and architectural elements. Given the limited examples of wooden school buildings in Korea, the study also considers non-school wooden buildings domestically. The findings reveal that, as of 2020, 73.9% of new school facilities in Japan incorporated wood, supported by updated building codes allowing for safe three-story wooden school structures. The average construction cost for Japanese schools with high wood utilization is around 400,000 yen per square meter, while similar wooden buildings in Korea average 4.06 million KRW per square meter. Based on these insights, the study recommends a phased approach for interior wood design in Korean schools, with a minimum target wood utilization rate of 40-50%. Higher utilization rates may require thoughtful design to avoid potential discomfort. This research supports sustainable wood utilization in Korean school buildings, suggesting small-scale wooden schools or wooden interior designs as practical starting points. It is expected to serve as a foundational resource for future studies focused on developing specific design and construction guidelines for wooden school buildings in South Korea.

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A Study on the Dispersing Method of Green Buildings in Jordan through Field Survey

진혜선(Jin, Hye-Sun) ; 이승민() ; 정영선() ; 김현수() ; 구보경() ; 최경석()

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.61

Interest in green buildings is increasing not only in Korea but also in many countries. Jordan is also looking for a variety of measures due to its high interest and demand for green buildings to respond to climate change and build eco-friendly buildings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of green buildings in Jordan and to propose a plan for the dissemination of green buildings in Jordan. This study can be used as fundamental data for domestic eco-friendly construction companies to refer to when they want to enter the Middle East and Jordan by providing information on the current status of Jordan. In addition, the current status survey method of this study can be referenced when conducting construction-related surveys such as green buildings in other developing and Middle Eastern countries. Finally, Korea is promoting various support projects for developing countries, and it is meaningful as a study to introduce Korea's green building technologies and systems to Jordan and seek advancement.

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Automated Floor Plan Generation and Optimization Using Random Seed-Cell Placement and Protruding Cell Optimization

장동국(Chang Dong-Kuk) ; 박주희(Park, Joo-Hee)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.71

Space layout plays a crucial role in fulfilling functional requirements and optimizing user experience. Traditional spatial layouts have primarily relied on the designer’s intuition and many years experience, but the introduction of automated design tools and optimization algorithms has significantly improved design efficiency. This study proposes techniques for automated design methodology. Random seed-cell placement algorithm randomly assigns room positions at the initial design stage, allowing for the exploration of diverse design alternatives, while the protruding cell optimization technique removes unnecessary protruding cells from the floor plan to maximize space efficiency. Experiments were conducted using the Python-based LayoutGen program, and performance metrics such as room size, adjacency, and orientation were used to evaluate the design performance. This study provides a design methodology for the practical application of automated floor plan generation and optimization in architectural layouts and suggests strategic approaches for improving design performance.

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A Study on Improving the Design of Modular Architecture

신윤정(Shin, Yoon-jeong) ; 박은주(Park, Eun Joo)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.83

This study aims to enhance the design quality of volumetric modular architecture, with a specific focus on the diversity of facade design. By analyzing advanced international modular construction cases from the past decade, the research identifies key strategies for improving facade designs. These strategies include the use of three-dimensional facade compositions, diverse materials and textures, integrated facade composition for the entire building, utilization of various architectural elements, transparency control, and irregular facade compositions. The study highlights ways to overcome the repetitive and simplistic nature of modular architecture through innovative design approaches. It also seeks to establish practical guidelines for architects, manufacturers, and builders to improve facade design in modular construction. By exploring the potential for greater creativity in modular design, this study not only addresses current limitations but also presents solutions that can significantly contribute to the future development of modular architecture. The findings demonstrate that modular construction can achieve both efficiency and design quality, which are crucial for broader acceptance and adoption in the industry. The research offers valuable insights for future advancements in modular design and construction techniques.

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A Study on the Safe Living Environmental Design in Public Rental Apartment

박승연(Park, Seung-Yeon) ; 강석진(Kang, Seok-Jin)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.95

The purpose of this study is to propose the concept and principles of safe living environmental design that combines the UD principles from the perspective of CPTED and to confirm its applicability in public rental apartments. This is because we thought safety was important to improve the habitability of public rental apartments where many socially disadvantaged people such as the elderly and the disabled reside. As a result of literature review, items that are directly or indirectly linked to CPTED and UD were identified due to the similarities of design principles based on user behavior. In addition, the results of expert surveys and field surveys conducted to confirm the appropriateness of these concepts and principles and the possibility of field application are summarized as follows. First, through an expert survey, five principles of safe living environmental design were presented. This is a combination of UD principles that can be linked to the basic principles of CPTED, and it was confirmed that there were differences in the importance and applicability of each area of the apartment complex. Second, as a result of field surveys from the perspective of safe living environmental design, it was confirmed that the CPTED-certified complexes lacked accessibility and supportability, and the BF-certified complexes lacked visibility and legibility. These results are thought to prove the necessity of the safe living environmental design. However, there is a limitation in that the analysis of crime data and questionnaire data of public rental apartment complexes was not conducted, and discussions on planning standards reflecting each principles were not conducted.

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A Study on Spaces and Facilities of Apartment Complex for Coexistence with Pets

윤지훈(Yoon, Ji-Hoon) ; 강석진(Kang, Seok-Jin)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.1.107

This study was conducted to find environmental improvement measures, noting that various problems also occur as the number of people with pets increases. As a result of the study, companions were in high demand for space and facilities considering the behavioral characteristics of their pets, and non-companions were worried about the noise, excrement, and aggressive tendencies of pets. In the apartment complex, it was thought that some of the problems could be solved by installing guide signs related to pets, converting some of the playgrounds into pet play areas, and installing pet toilets or excrement envelopes in landscaping spaces. On the other hand, it was thought that installing pet playgrounds and rest facilities on the rooftops of convenience and welfare facilities could be an alternative because the rooftop of the apartment building has problems such as various safety accidents and privacy infringement of the uppermost households. In FGI of architectural practitioners, the spaces and facilities proposed in this study were evaluated as applicable. However, solving facility problems, resident consent, and improving related regulations are considered to be follow-up study.

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