Journal of
the Architectural Institute of Korea

Monthly
  • ISSN : 2733-6239(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6247(Online)

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A Study on the Status and Utilization of Idle Spaces in Fishing Villages

이여주(Yi, Yeo-Ju) ; 제창휘(Je, Chang-Hwi) ; 진유라(Jin, Yu-Ra) ; 남주희(Nam, Ju-Hee) ; 강혜원(Kang, Hye-Won) ; 콘두리 사이바누 스리니디(Konduri, Sai Bhanu Sreenidhi) ; 하셈 노하 네그멜딘 모하메드(Hashem, Noha Negmeldin Mohamed) ; 우신구(Woo, Shin-Koo)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.3

This study examines the current status and utilization of idle spaces in fishing villages and proposes strategies that reflect the characteristics of industrial fishing communities. The study focuses on Haedong-ri, Yaksan-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea, a region classified as being at high risk of local extinction. A comprehensive field survey of 343 buildings across three villages, Dangmok, Haedong, and Eodu, was conducted, along with in-depth interviews with residents and local officials and spatial analysis using ArcGIS. The findings reveal that 19.5 percent of all buildings were identified as idle spaces, with vacant houses representing the largest share at 55.2 percent, followed by unused fishery facilities at 19.4 percent. Furthermore, 76.1 percent of idle spaces were small-scale facilities under 200 m², many of which had remained unused for extended periods, leading to physical deterioration and safety concerns. The analysis identified several major barriers to reuse, including severe building deterioration, a high proportion of unregistered buildings at 64.2 percent, and conservative property ownership practices. Based on these findings, three strategies are proposed. First, the regeneration of idle spaces should consider measures that support migrant workers’ settlement. Second, improving living infrastructure and developing seasonal mixed-use models are necessary to enhance spatial efficiency and promote local economic sustainability. Third, strengthened public management and diversified utilization of underused public facilities are needed to support long-term revitalization.

Production Method Characteristics and the Development of a Tripartite Supply Model for Rental Social Housing in Beijing, China

장명월(Zhang, MingYue) ; 백진(Baek, Jin)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.15

The institutional framework for social housing in China is shaped by its dual land system, rapid urbanization, and market-oriented housing reforms. Under this system, urban land is owned by the state, while rural land is owned by rural collective economic organizations. Rapid urbanization has increased development pressure on peri-urban collective land, creating a need for institutional reform. This study presents a comparative analysis of two social rental housing projects in Beijing: Baiziwan Public Rental Housing, developed on state-owned land, and Yuan’er Vanke Port Rental Housing, built on collectively owned rural construction land. The study examines how government-led and market-cooperation supply models are structured and operated by comparing land policies, development entities, production methods, and operational mechanisms. The findings provide insight into the diversification patterns and structural characteristics of China’s social rental housing supply system. The study also offers important implications for housing policy and institutional design in high-density urban environments across Asia and beyond, contributing both academic and practical perspectives for future architectural and urban planning initiatives.

Planimetric Preservation and Volumetric Change in Streetscapes Under Designated Building Line Planning in Downtown Seoul

한유진(Han, Yoojin) ; 박소현(Park, So-Hyun)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.27

This study analyzes the characteristics of Designated Building Line(DBL) Planning and its implementation in 70 newly constructed buildings across 10 District Unit Plan areas in downtown Seoul. In these areas, the DBL planning serves as a tool for preserving the shape of historic streets and alleys, aiming to maintain the distinctive urban fabric and streetscape. Simultaneously, the DBL plans are implemented as aging buildings are replaced with new developments that accommodate higher density and modern functional demands. This study therefore examines the implementation of DBL planning and the resulting transformations of the three-dimensional streetscape while the original planimetric street layout is preserved. In order to preserve the shape of streets, the 10 District Unit Plans specifically designated DBLs along street-side property boundaries. However, in streets narrower than 4 meters, building line setback exemptions significantly influence plan implementation. Changes in three-dimensional streetscapes were analyzed across two aspects: changes in building scale and street-level configuration. The results show that while DBL plans strictly preserve the original street layout planimetrically, some cases exhibit substantial changes in building height and floor area ratio, whereas others maintain a scale similar to that of the previous buildings. Street-level configuration also vary among the study areas due to the influence of other planning provisions and practical conditions such as building uses, parking requirements, and topographical features. These findings suggest that DBL planning should extend beyond preserving planimetric layouts by incorporating three-dimensional changes, allowing it to function as a more comprehensive design and management tool for strengthening the spatial identity of central Seoul.

The Impact of Management Factors on Residential Satisfaction in Single-Person Community Housing in Seoul

신유진(Shin, Yoo-Jin)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.39

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of management factors in Seoul’s community housing program for single-person households on social capital and residential satisfaction. A survey was conducted with single-person households living in private rental community housing in Hongje-dong, Myeonmok-dong, and Yeonnam-dong in Seoul. The results of the study are as follows. First, resident management, community revitalization, local community integration, and operational governance were identified as key factors in strengthening social capital in single-person household community housing. Second, policies for single-person household community housing need to focus on establishing resident-centered and sustainable operation and management frameworks. Third, improving residential satisfaction requires the formation of social capital and the activation of resident participation. Fourth, policies should prioritize an integrated management governance system that promotes social capital formation.

Spatial Composition and Connectivity in Yoshio Taniguchi’s Small-Scale Museums

이덕종(Lee, Duck-Jong) ; 고연숙(Ko, Youn-Suk)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.51

This study investigates the spatial composition and connectivity of gallery spaces in six small-scale museums designed by Yoshio Taniguchi. A literature review, architectural drawing analysis, document review, and field investigations were conducted to examine 22 gallery spaces across the six museums. The case studies include the Shiseido Art Museum, Ken Domon Museum of Photography, Higashiyama Kaii Gallery at the Nagano Prefectural Art Museum, Higashiyama Kaii Setouchi Art Museum, the D. T. Suzuki Museum, and the Yoshiro and Yoshio Taniguchi Museum of Architecture. The research employs a two-stage framework. At the museum scale, spatial organisation and circulation patterns are compared to identify recurring characteristics of connectivity. At the gallery scale, five spatial characteristics are examined: geometry including form, floor area, and ceiling height, window and opening types, lighting strategies, interior finishing materials, and relationships with the surrounding landscape. These factors are analysed to understand how spatial connectivity is perceived and experienced. The findings indicate that Taniguchi consistently applies simple rectilinear gallery forms while creating sequential spatial experiences through transitional elements such as level changes, corridors, lounges, courtyards, and water features. Connections to the surrounding landscape through spatial and visual relationships are introduced selectively, supporting both focused viewing and moments of relief along the circulation route. Overall, the six museums demonstrate a consistent design approach in which carefully organised connective structures and transitional spaces generate layered exhibition experiences within limited floor areas.

A Study on the Spatial Typology and Architectural Planning Characteristics of Pet Funeral Facilities

김무영(Kim, Mooyoung) ; 조항만(Zo, Hangman)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.63

As pets are increasingly recognized as family members, pet funeral facilities have evolved from simple disposal sites into emotional and ritual spaces. Despite rapid growth in this sector, architectural studies on spatial configurations remain limited. This study analyzes the spatial characteristics and programs of eight pet funeral facilities in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and identifies three spatial strategy types to provide foundational data for future architectural planning. The analysis reveals four key architectural changes. First, spatial organization has shifted from a lobby-centered structure to an independent, separated layout, emphasizing a sequential ritual experience. Second, consultation rooms have evolved from open administrative areas into private spaces for bereaved families. Third, circulation paths for funeral attendees and columbarium visitors are strictly separated to reduce emotional conflict. Finally, more recent facilities introduce buffer zones between viewing rooms and cremation rooms to reduce visual shock, transforming mechanical disposal processes into a more reverent farewell ritual. Overall, modern pet funeral facilities are evolving architecturally to better accommodate the psychological and emotional needs of bereaved families.

An Analysis of Plan Composition Changes in Public Special Schools in Seoul

도현용(Do, Hyun-Yong) ; 이남규(Lee, Nam-Gyu)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.75

This study analyzes changes in the spatial composition of public special schools in Seoul by comparing pre-gap and post-gap groups. Using seven functional categories: general classrooms, special classrooms, vocational training rooms, treatment-support rooms, support facilities, administrative facilities, and common spaces, the study examines area ratio, area per student, area per class, and floor distribution. The results show that post-gap schools differ from pre-gap cases in three main ways. First, the relative share of general classrooms decreased, indicating a weakening of the traditional classroom-centered spatial organization. Second, special classrooms and vocational training rooms increased not only in proportional area but also in area per student and per class, and were more frequently organized as independent program zones on upper or designated floors. Third, common spaces expanded most significantly in both proportion and vertical distribution, while support and administrative facilities became more subdivided and spatially differentiated. Overall, recent public special schools in Seoul demonstrate a shift from a simple classroom-centered layout toward a more differentiated spatial composition characterized by expanded common spaces, diversified program areas, and a clearer vertical organization of functions.

A Two-Axis Quantitative Framework for Architectural Section Analysis

이경재(Lee, Kyeong-Jae)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.87

This study proposes a two-axis framework for section analysis consisting of the Form Regularity Index (FSR) and the Void Disposition Index (VDI), and evaluates whether these indices can identify an architect’s spatial vocabulary within a single coordinate system. Both indices are directionally neutral and are designed to capture the characteristics of sectional strategies rather than their magnitude. FSR measures geometric predictability based on right-angle ratio, module repetition, and left-right symmetry. VDI measures the extent to which voids function as experiential rather than service spaces, weighted according to functional role and normalized by total section area. The framework is applied to eight principal building sections designed by Louis I. Kahn and Frank O. Gehry, two architects known for distinctive sectional approaches. On an FSR-VDI scatter plot, the projects cluster into separate elliptical regions corresponding to each architect, with no overlap between the two groups. FSR alone distinguishes the groups through a non-overlapping range, while VDI shows partial overlap but reveals internal polarization within the Kahn group. The results indicate that the combined two-axis framework differentiates sectional languages more effectively than either index alone. The findings also suggest its potential as a design tool in addition to its analytical applications. Limitations related to sample size and weight assignment are acknowledged, and future research should examine inter-rater reliability to further validate the framework.

A Study on the Spatial Expression Characteristics of Liminality in Riken Yamamoto’s Architecture

왕뤄한(Wang, Ruo-Han) ; 박수빈(Park, Soobeen)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.99

As the hybridization of programs and transformations in publicness intensify in contemporary architecture, the boundary between public and private space has become increasingly complex. This study aims to examine how liminality is expressed in the architectural works of Riken Yamamoto and how it mediates the relationship between public and private domains. The research was conducted through a literature review and case study analysis. Six characteristics of liminality continuity, de-boundarying, systematicity, flexibility, community, and placenesswere established as analytical criteria across physical, structural, and social dimensions, and six representative works by Riken Yamamoto were analyzed based on drawings, photographs, and project descriptions. The results indicate that Yamamoto’s liminality is not achieved by eliminating boundaries, but by reorganizing them into transitional spatial structures. At the physical level, continuity and de-boundarying are expressed through shared circulation, transparent interfaces, atriums, and voids. At the structural level, diverse uses are organized within a unified spatial system through internal streets, decks, grids, mezzanines, and mixed programs. At the social level, community and placeness are formed through repeated movement, visual perception, temporary encounters, and dwelling experiences. These findings suggest that liminality can serve as a design strategy for mediating the relationship between public and private spaces in contemporary architecture.

A Study on the Direction of Design Guidelines for Improving Special Education Classrooms in Elementary Schools

김변경(Kim, Byun Kyung) ; 이경선(Lee, Kyung Sun)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2026.42.10.111

This study established an analytical framework comprising sixteen sections by integrating a comparative review of domestic and international guidelines with an analysis of user requirements derived from the spatial restructuring process of special education classrooms in Seoul. The framework was applied to nine spatial restructuring cases of elementary school special education classrooms in Seoul, and the implementation status of each section was analyzed. The analysis revealed that five sections were not implemented across all cases, identifying structural gaps in domestic special education classroom space planning. Meanwhile, small group spaces and calm and sensory rooms, which are not specified as distinct items in domestic guidelines, were identified in the cases, showing that actual design practices reflect a broader range of spatial requirements than those covered by current guidelines. This indicates that existing domestic guidelines do not adequately incorporate on-site design needs, suggesting the necessity of guideline improvement. Based on these findings, this study proposes directions for improving Korean special education classroom design guidelines.