Journal of
the Architectural Institute of Korea

Monthly
  • ISSN : 2733-6239(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6247(Online)

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Developing a Framework for Architectural Copyright Infringement Criteria Through Case Law Analysis

이지은(Lee, Jieun) ; 손동화(Shon, Donghwa)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.3

Plagiarism and legal disputes concerning architectural works are increasing, yet the Copyright Act lacks specific guidelines for determining architectural infringement. This study seeks to reduce these disputes and support fair use of architectural designs by establishing clearer criteria for assessing copyright infringement. A total of 25 copyright-related court cases from 1995 to 2023 were collected and analyzed, focusing on factors such as work type, lawsuit classification, court rulings, and case details. The infringement judgment process in these cases was organized into a flowchart illustrating the various types and criteria involved in court decisions on architectural copyright infringement. Three main types of judgments emerged: assessment of copyrightability, determination of defendant’s innocence, and acknowledgment of infringement. Key criteria include the determination of copyright, identification of the copyright holder, evaluation of the defendant’s actions and contractual relationships, and assessment of substantial similarity or dependency. Further research is needed to address ongoing issues and potential improvements in copyright criteria for architectural works.

Analyzing the Physical Factors Influencing the Proper Size Calculation of Public Libraries

김백준(Kim, Baek-Jun) ; 석민철(Suk, Min-Chul) ; 최준호(Choi, Jun-Ho) ; 이권형(Lee, Kweon-Hyoung)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.13

Public libraries, essential to urban communities, are evolving to improve user satisfaction and support a wide range of activities, particularly in data preservation and education. These changes pose challenges, particularly in optimizing space usage, as libraries' size and functions shift. This study aims to assess physical environmental data to identify factors that influence the ideal library size, moving beyond traditional methods based on user or volunteer numbers. These conventional approaches typically stem from feasibility studies during the design phase. The research expands on previous studies by categorizing factors into four areas: education, culture, commerce, and transportation. This classification overcomes the limitations of existing methods, providing a more comprehensive view of the variables affecting library size. In 2019, data from 33 public libraries in Busan was analyzed, focusing on walking radii of 0?1 km and 0?2 km to understand factors impacting visitor frequency, regardless of library size. Distribution and regression analysis were used to identify these factors and highlight each library's unique characteristics. Nine influential factors with explanatory power greater than 0.4 were identified. A regression equation was developed, which allowed for comparing predicted library sizes with actual conditions in Busan, revealing significant discrepancies with the space estimates from existing guidelines. These findings indicate that traditional methods overestimate space requirements, emphasizing the need for a more comprehensive approach, such as the regression model proposed here. This study offers a new statistical approach to determining optimal library size, improving future library planning.

Interactive Web-based 3D Visualization of Eye Tracking Data for Analyzing Visual Cognition in Architectural Spaces

최태호(Choi, Tae-Ho) ; 지승열(Ji, Seung-Yeul) ; 전한종(Jun, Han-Jong)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.25

This study introduces an innovative approach that integrates eye tracking technology with 3D spatial visualization to analyze user preferences and focal points within architectural spaces. Eye tracking data offers insights into spatial perception by revealing where and for how long users direct their attention, identifying areas of interest in the built environment. To enhance data representation, gaze information is mapped onto a 3D point cloud of the architectural space, improving visualization and interpretation of user interactions. WebGL technology supports this method by enabling interactive, web-based viewers, providing a versatile platform for analyzing complex data across various devices and platforms. This approach provides valuable insights into the elements of architectural spaces that draw user attention, improving the user experience by connecting gaze data with the physical environment.

A Study On The Direction Of School Complex Reflecting The Distribution Of Local Facilities

김성윤(Kim, Seongyun) ; 이경선(Lee, Kyung Sun)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.33

This study aims to suggest the direction of school complex facilities based on the distribution of regional facilities, focusing on Ieumteo, a school complex facility in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. To this end, the distribution of facilities, space, and programs in the Ieumteo area were analyzed. The research method was literature analysis and interviews with Ieumteo operators to derive the policy status and problems of school complex facilities. The necessity of this study and the difference from existing studies were examined through analysis of previous studies, and keywords were extracted based on the data from the Ieumteo website to establish analysis criteria by type. In addition, major facilities within an 800m radius of each Ieumteo were analyzed through QGIS and the public data portal. The spatial configuration was recorded through field surveys, spatial data received from the operator and the website were compared and analyzed, and the program operation performance was analyzed. In addition, SPSS was used to analyze the correlation between region, space, and program. Finally, the operation direction suitable for regional characteristics was suggested. The analysis results showed that as educational spaces increase, village space decreases, and the program opening rate decreases and the closure rate increases due to the lack of maker space. The concentration of specific spaces decreases operational efficiency, and it is necessary to increase space utilization through the operation of complex programs. It is necessary to plan a demand-based program by sufficiently reflecting the opinions of residents. This study confirmed the necessity of setting the direction of the space and program of the school complex facility according to the distribution of local facilities, and in particular, a plan to strengthen the interaction between local residents and students and promote community solidarity is required. Based on these analysis results, the direction of the school complex facility reflecting the distribution of local facilities in Ieumteo, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do is proposed, and through this, the positive impact of the school complex facility on the local community is maximized.

The Formation of Residents' Territoriality and Sense of Community Based on the Entrance Design of Co-living Houses

김벽연(Kim, Byeouk-Yeoun) ; 황희준(Whang, Hee-Joon)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.45

This study aims to propose effective architectural planning strategies for co-living houses, a housing model that has emerged in response to the rising number of single-person households among young adults. The research emphasizes the significance of the entrance area as the starting point of personal space in Korean culture, where the practice of removing shoes before entering personal spaces is deeply ingrained. Based on this cultural context, the study hypothesizes that the design of entrance spaces and shared living areas in co-living houses can influence residents’ sense of belonging, territoriality, and community spirit. To test this hypothesis, a survey was conducted among residents of co-living houses in Seoul to analyze their behaviors in shared spaces. The findings reveal that the location and design of the entrance significantly affect residents’ perception of the "starting point of home." The results highlight that cultural practices, such as removing shoes, contribute to shaping territorial boundaries and fostering a sense of community among residents. These insights underline the importance of entrance design in enhancing the social and spatial dynamics of co-living environments.

Characteristics and Limitations of Public Library Facilities in Ulaanbaatar City

알탄호약 오강치멕(Altankhuyag, Uuganchimeg) ; 변나향(Byun, Nahyang)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.53

This study highlights the necessity and significance of public libraries in urban contexts, with a focus on spatial planning within these facilities. It specifically confines its scope to the investigation of public libraries in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, aiming to develop management plans for these facilities and propose improvements. Currently, public libraries in Ulaanbaatar receive insufficient social attention and academic research. The research methodology includes literature review, field surveys, and drawing analysis. Library layouts and site plans were developed using photographs, satellite images, and evacuation diagrams. Case studies of public libraries were analyzed, emphasizing site selection and internal spatial arrangements. The layout analysis identified issues such as poor pedestrian flow, limited vehicle access, unclear entrances, and insufficient parking spaces. In terms of spatial planning, problems such as inaccessible restrooms, closed-off reading and storage areas, and inadequate staff spaces were observed. To address these issues, recommendations include enhancing signage, introducing open reading spaces, and expanding amenities for staff and users. This research provides foundational data for the remodeling or planning of new public libraries in Ulaanbaatar, offering a framework for their integration as vital community spaces within the city.

An Empirical Assessment of Price Changes During Real Estate Price Booms

권준범(Kwun, Joon-Beom) ; 김덕수(Kim, Duksu)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.61

This study aims to address the following two major questions: "Is the current decline in real estate prices an absolute crash, or is it just an illusion resulting from a short-term spike?" To investigate this, the study compares and analyzes the trends in real estate prices starting from six months after the first real estate policy of the previous government was implemented, excluding the period from six months before the end of its term. During the period defined by this study, prior to the Moon Jae-in administration, the number of transactions for high-priced, mid-priced, and low-priced apartments was 782, 196, and 235, respectively. However, during the Moon administration, these numbers surged to 1,397, 1,150, and 1,512, respectively, before dropping to 300, 208, and 198 after the Moon administration, totaling 5,978 transactions. Also, before the Moon administration, high-priced apartments saw a price increase of 50.85%, while mid-priced apartments experienced a slight decline of ?0.56%, and low-priced apartments showed a stable rise of 2.54%, which was lower than the inflation rate. However, during the Moon administration, when strong real estate policies were in effect, the price of high-priced apartments increased by 66.44%, mid-priced apartments by 61.09%, and low-priced apartments by 12.71%. After the Moon administration, high-priced apartments continued to show an increase of 20.53%, while mid-priced apartments dropped by ?0.62%, and low-priced apartments saw a decline of ?11.28%. As observed, the fluctuating apartment prices nationwide appear to have been influenced by real estate policies that were overly focused on regulation, which were not adequately balanced.

A Study on Strategies for Improving Publicness in Urban adjacent Seasides

금재헌(Geum, Jae Heon) ; 조항만(Zo, Hangman)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.71

This study aims to reinterpret contemporary urban seaside areas as public spaces and enhance their utility. It examines the publicness of urban seaside spaces, identifying key factors that influence their role in supporting sustainable urban development. By integrating a theoretical review with an analysis of the physical characteristics of beaches and adjacent seaside areas, an analytical framework was developed and applied to Gwangalli Beach in Korea. The analysis focused on elements influencing publicness, including public agencies, public interest, openness, and accessibility. Gwangalli Beach was used as a case study to assess its level of publicness and explore the interplay between its physical design and social functions. Results indicate that the publicness of urban seaside areas is shaped by their physical structure, as well as social, cultural, and legal contexts. Enhancing seaside publicness requires improving accessibility, redesigning these spaces to be open and multifunctional, and ensuring equitable access for the publics. Achieving this goal also depends on creating sustainable seaside environments through comprehensive planning by responsible public authorities, avoiding private appropriation of these shared spaces.

Comparison of the Visitors Behavior on the Satisfaction Influencing Factors in Museums

박청호(Park, Cheong-Ho)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.83

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influencing factors of viewing environment on emotional response and overall satisfaction from the comparative perspective of the blind and non-disabled visitors at the National Museum of Korea. The independent variable spatial characteristics(SC) is composed of accessible space & moving space(ASMS), information facilities & convenience & sanitation space(IFCSS), and exhibition space(ES), and communicative characteristics(CC) is composed of exhibition & commentary method(ECM), response of staff(RS), and various programs(VP). The parameter emotional reaction(ER) consisted of intellectual curiosity(IC) and change of feelings(CF). The dependent variable overall satisfaction(OS) is composed of viewing satisfaction(VS) and intention of behavior(IB). The main results using PLS-SEM(partial least square-structural eqaution model) and MGA(multi-group analysis) are as follows. First, in common, the influence on OS was greater in SC than OS in both groups. However, the impact on ER was differentiated in that SC had more influence on completely blind and CC had more influence on non-disabled. Second, commonalities were drawn from both groups in which ASMS was positively involved in IC and CF. Third, There were differences in parameters affecting VS and IB between the two groups. IC influenced VS in the non-disabled, but the completely blind had no influence. IC and CF affected IB in the non-disabled, but only CF affected IB in the completely blind. Fourth, there were no negative factors in the completely blind, but IFCSS, ECM, ES, and VP were derived as negative factors for the non-disabled. It is necessary to develop ES and techniques that can recognize space for the completely blind, and for non-disabled people, a diverse exhibition space, commentary methods, easily recognizable information facilities and programs are proposed.

Examining Automation Rate in Basic Architectural Design Tasks With Artificial Intelligence Integration

황영미(Hwang, Young-Mi) ; 이명식(Lee, Myung-Sik)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.2.95

In the rapidly changing technological landscape, design processes must adapt to support the adoption of design automation in architecture. This study examined the integration of BIM and IPD processes to identify unit tasks suitable for AI-driven environments. Tasks were redefined and segmented based on workflow hierarchy, and the automation potential for each component was assessed. Traditional design processes have typically focused on deliverables at each project phase, emphasizing output quantity rather than the details of the workflow itself. Intermediate tasks were often treated as steps toward final deliverables, rather than as measurable or analyzable components. However, unit tasks within the design process influence both the quality of outcomes and quantitative factors such as time and resource allocation. This research reevaluates these overlooked components, emphasizing their role in improving design efficiency and effectiveness.