Journal of
the Architectural Institute of Korea

Monthly
  • ISSN : 2733-6239(Print)
  • ISSN : 2733-6247(Online)

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A Study on the Inter-Korean Industrial Standard Cooperation through ISO TC 59

이명식(Lee, Myung-Sik)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.3

Due to the prolonged division of the Korean Peninsula, the differences and heterogeneity between the two Koreas have widened significantly in various sectors, including politics, economy, culture, and industry. This growing gap highlights the urgent need to establish a systematic approach to prepare for potential inter-Korean exchanges and the eventual process of unification. Among the many areas requiring cooperation, the construction industry is expected to experience a sharp increase in demand, particularly if inter-Korean economic cooperation becomes more active and large-scale infrastructure projects are initiated. Given this context, this study aims to propose a strategic plan to facilitate inter-Korean cooperation in the construction industry, specifically through the standardization of building and civil engineering works. This will be achieved by leveraging the framework of ISO Technical Committee 59 (ISO TC 59), which focuses on construction standards. The committee’s eight subcommittees will serve as a foundational structure to systematically promote inter-Korean collaboration in construction standardization.

A Study on the Characteristics of Floor Plans for Elderly Housing

이덕종(Lee, Duck-Jong) ; 고연숙(Ko, Youn-Suk)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.9

This study examines the composition and layout of recently constructed elderly housing through an analysis of 10 cases built in Europe and Japan between 2018 and 2021. The research relied on a literature review and floor plan analysis of the housing projects. The findings revealed notable differences between Europe and Japan in the location, design, and spatial planning of elderly housing. In Europe, most housing was situated in natural or suburban areas, while in Japan, it was predominantly located in urban centers. The private rooms in European elderly housing were designed to be approximately twice as large as those in Japan. Additionally, private room layouts in Europe varied significantly, while in Japan, they were typically uniform rectangular designs with areas ranging from 18 to 25 square meters. The space allocated per resident from the total floor area was also nearly twice as large in Europe compared to Japan. However, the ratio of private to public and service spaces was similar in both regions, maintaining a balanced 1:1 proportion. Public areas in European housing often featured open halls that encouraged communication between floors, whereas in Japan, floor connections were designed to be closed off, prioritizing space efficiency but limiting interaction. Cultural differences influenced the configuration of bathing facilities. In Europe, shower rooms were typically located within private spaces, reflecting the perception of bathing as a private activity. In Japan, however, bathing spaces were more commonly placed in public areas, aligning with the cultural view of bathing as a communal activity.

Exploring Fire Station Design Characteristics Through Spatial Composition

최세빈(Choi, Se-Been) ; 윤동식(Yoon, Dong-Sik)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.21

In a rapidly evolving era, disasters are becoming larger and more complex, posing greater risks and challenges to firefighters. Recently, attention has been drawn to the poor working conditions of firefighters, prompting efforts to construct fire stations that prioritize their physical and mental well-being. However, fire station designs that fully address theses needs remain limited, as such considerations have only emerged in recent years. This study analyzes domestic and international fire station cases to examine their spatial composition and characteristics, proposing design directions that consider both functionality and the firefighters’ working environment. The analysis focused on the main activity spaces within fire stations, identifying priorities in space arrangement to enhance both work efficiency and comfort. The study also highlighted the environmental aspects, including rest areas near activity spaces, revealing that the design and type of rest spaces influence communication among firefighters. These findings are expected to serve as foundational data for future fire station construction, aiming to create better spaces that balance operational functionality with a supportive and comfortable environment for firefighters.

A Study on Spatial Improvement of Nursing Home through Evidence-based Design

윤현철(Youn, Hyun-Chul)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.31

In this study, I conducted a space improvement study targeting Seoul Nursing Home through evidence-based design. I sought to apply empirical research evidence to the design, and thus explored architectural methods that can maximize the healing aspect of the elderly medical environment and improve the health of elderly patients. As a research method, I derived results for improving elderly health through interviews. In addition, I conducted a prior research survey on specific evidence-based space design strategies that can achieve this, and mapped each correlation and importance. Based on this, I conducted a space analysis of Seoul Nursing Home and derived a space improvement design. I presented the results of space improvement based on evidence design that can visually compare and confirm three improvement plans and one excellent status for four detailed spaces of Seoul Nursing Home. A good building can be created only when research and practice, that is, experimental knowledge and experiential common sense, are in harmony.

The Needs Assesment of Pre-senior for ICT-integrated Elderly Home

이진경(Lee, Jin-Kyoung) ; 문정인(Moon, Jung-In)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.41

The purpose of this study is to conduct a needs assessment of pre-elderly individuals (aged 50-64) for ICT-integrated elderly residential spaces and to explore future integration plans for architecture, ICT & IoT devices, and assistive device in elderly housing. The research method involves first conducting a literature review on the needs of the elderly and pre-elderly. Second, the study identifies planning elements for ICT-based elderly housing. Third, it conducts a needs assessment of pre-elderly individuals regarding their current space satisfaction and their requirements for ICT-based elderly housing. Fourth, statistical analysis, including frequency and cross-tabulation analysis, is conducted using the SPSS software. Finally, the study presents planning strategies for ICT-based elderly residential spaces that enable independent living for seniors. The conclusions of the study are as follows: The needs assessment of pre-elderly individuals for elderly housing revealed a high demand for nature-friendly detached houses and environments with outdoor spaces for old age. To address these needs, it is necessary to plan nature-friendly spaces such as balconies. AI-based ICT & IoT devices are needed to support the sustainable daily living of the elderly. However, considering the low average use rate of ICT & IoT devices among pre-elderly individuals (2.91), improvements are needed to ensure that these devices are easy to install, operate, move, and modify. The demand for door-to-door services is high, with an average score of 3.91, indicating a need for maintenance of ICT & IoT devices and building facilities, as well as personalized door to door services that consider the health conditions of the elderly.

Introduction of Transition Slopes to Improve Safety at Basement Parking Lot Entrances

조영진(Cho, Young-Jin) ; 김효정(Kim, Hyo-Jeong) ; 안의순(Ahn, Euisoon) ; 이정원(Lee, jung-Won)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.51

This study proposes the introduction of a legal system for installing transition slopes at parking lot entrances to enhance pedestrian safety. In South Korea, where underground parking lots are prevalent, steep entrance ramps with gradients as high as 17% often restrict driver visibility, posing significant safety risks to pedestrians, particularly children and elderly individuals. Additionally, such ramps can cause vehicle damage, including the risk of fire in electric vehicles with battery packs located beneath the chassis. To address these issues, this study develops a guideline for transition slopes at parking lot ramps by conducting a literature review, case studies, and simulations. The simulations determined that a transition slope with a gradient of 8.5% or less and a minimum length of 3.2 meters at crest areas can significantly reduce blind spots, improving pedestrian safety. For vehicle safety, additional transition slopes of 1.7 meters at crest points and 2.0 meters at sag points are proposed to prevent vehicle damage. Furthermore, the study analyzed the social and economic impacts of implementing these guidelines. The results indicate that the proposed measures can significantly reduce pedestrian accidents and prevent vehicle damage, leading to safer and more efficient parking facilities. The findings underscore the need to establish systematic regulations for the design and installation of transition slopes at parking lot ramps.

Developing a Spatial Evaluation Model for Infection Control in Elderly Care Facilities Using Agent-Based Models

임해원(Lim, Haewon)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.61

This study focuses on the spatial structure of elderly care facilities and develops a spatial evaluation model for infection control using an agent-based approach. The model is based on the hypothesis that spatial structure affects the spread of infection. This study used an agent-based model to develop a realistic infection simulation by incorporating detailed behavioral logic and spatial occupancy patterns of facility users. The characteristics of the model for infection control in elderly care facilities derived from this study are as follows. First, considering the characteristics of elderly care facilities, the sources of infection were limited to workers and visitors. The initial infection rate was set at 5%, and the extent of infection spread was observed over an 8-hour simulation period. Second, as a result of developing a spatial evaluation model based on the actor model, the agent status according to infection was divided into the infected group, the infected exposure group, and the non-infected group, and by directly utilizing this in space, the occupancy status of space, that is, the extent of infection spread within the space, could be identified. The spatial evaluation model developed in this study can analyze the spread of infection in various spaces by focusing on the spatial configuration according to the function of the elderly care facility. This model can also help to determine which spatial structure within the facility promotes or lessens the spread of infection by evaluating the spread of infection by floor plan type (e.g., group type, corridor type, loop type, corridor type). This analysis can serve as basic data for designing or remodeling elderly care facilities with infection control in mind.

A Comparative Study on Residents’ and Experts’ Perceptions of Apartment Evacuation Performance

윤성빈(Yoon, Sung-Bin) ; 최병윤(Choi, Byeong-Yun) ; 황성은(Hwang, Sung-Eun)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.73

This study investigates factors influencing apartment evacuation performance by analyzing perceptions from residents, fire experts, and architectural experts. Residents and fire experts stress the importance of accessible evacuation and rescue equipment during emergencies, while architectural experts highlight planning aspects like route maintenance and evacuation safety zones. All groups agree that evacuation ease decreases with building height, suggesting a need for improved equipment and enhanced safety measures in taller apartments. The findings highlight the necessity of combining practical evacuation and rescue equipment with strategic planning to boost evacuation performance, particularly in high-rise apartments. Ensuring safe evacuations requires proposing legal reforms and validating strategies through experiments and simulations. Additionally, fostering collaboration among these groups can lead to comprehensive and effective solutions addressing both practical needs and planning considerations.

Design Strategies for Enhancing Social Interactions in Residential-Commercial Mixed Schools

박노욱(Park, Noh-wook) ; 이경선(Lee, Kyung-Sun)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.85

The Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education introduced the Residential-Commercial Mixed Schools plan to address declining student numbers and uneven distribution across autonomous districts. This initiative seeks to prevent school closures by downsizing schools while repurposing excess land for public housing development to attract school-age residents. However, the plan envisions a strictly separated educational environment, limiting community access to prioritize student safety. While this approach reduces opportunities for social interaction, the strong societal focus on student protection is unlikely to change in the near future. Given these constraints, architectural planning strategies must balance safety with social engagement. This study explores ways to enhance interaction in residential-commercial mixed schools, which are set to become common in urban areas. Using Georg Simmel’s Sociology of Space theory as an analytical framework, case studies are examined to develop planning guidelines. The findings highlight the importance of creating relational spaces that connect facilities, organizing horizontally clustered layouts, incorporating programs that strengthen community ties, securing buffer zones, and allowing partial openness in outdoor areas. These findings offer essential architectural guidelines to foster social interaction in residential-commercial mixed schools, which have less space than traditional schools. Additionally, this study suggests architectural solutions to address broader social challenges in educational settings.

Understanding China’s Social Housing Supply System and Generation Methods

장명월(Zhang, MingYue) ; 백진(Baek, Jin)

https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK.2025.41.4.97

China’s urban housing supply system has undergone significant changes due to rapid urbanization, economic reforms, and the socialist framework. From 1949 to 1978, housing was distributed through a welfare-based system. As the economy transitioned from a planned to a market-driven model between 1978 and 1998, housing reforms aimed to shift from welfare allocation to market-based sales. In 1998, the welfare housing system was officially abolished, making the housing supply fully market-driven while introducing a social housing model for low-income urban residents. Today, social housing in China is primarily government-led, with a central role in planning and development. This study explores the evolution of housing policies, focusing on public rental housing in Shanghai. By analyzing seven projects across four districts, it examines generation methods, management systems, and spatial usage. Three main development models emerge: state-owned enterprise development and operation, government-private sector collaboration with private subsidiary operations, and private enterprise development with state-owned enterprise operation. These models reflect ongoing efforts to stabilize public rental housing in line with government policies. The study categorizes China’s public rental housing generation methods and provides insights for comparing South Korean and European housing systems. The findings offer a valuable reference for future public rental housing projects in China and beyond.