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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Integrated M.S. and Ph.D course, Department of Energy System Engineering, Chung-Ang University)



Magnetron, Heater Power Supply, LCC Resonant Converter, CCCV Control, Starting Peak Current

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ˆ˜ GHz์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” 2๊ทน ์ง„๊ณต๊ด€ ์ „์ž๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํŠธ๋ก ์€ ์ „์ž๋ ˆ์ธ์ง€, ์กฐ๋ช… ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ์ž…์ž ๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, ์‚ฐ์—…, ์˜๋ฃŒ, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‘์šฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํŠธ๋ก  ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน์˜ ๊ฐ€์—ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋œ ์—ด์ „์ž์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ-kV์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ RF ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „์›์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์™€ ๊ณ ์ „์•• ํŽ„์Šค ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ƒ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน์€ ๊ณ ์ „์•• ํŽ„์Šค ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋‹จ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ-kV์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์•• ํŽ„์Šค ์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค(1-4).

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์•• ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 1์ฐจ์ธก๊ณผ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1, 2์ฐจ์ธก ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์†Œํ˜•, ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ€๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต์  ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†์‹ค์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” trade-off ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„ํ†ต๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋„ํ†ต ์†์‹ค๋„ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณ ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค(5-6).

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 1์ฐจ์ธก๊ณผ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€ ์ค‘ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ๋„์ „ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์˜ ํ„ด-์˜จ ์‹œ์— ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด Zero voltage switching(ZVS) ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์Šค๋„ˆ๋ฒ„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋กœ Crest factor ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ RMS ๊ฐ’์„ ์ค„์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋„์ „ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์Šค๋„ˆ๋ฒ„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ํฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์Šค๋„ˆ๋ฒ„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(7-12).

ํ•œํŽธ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€๋งŒ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ํฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ณ , ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ ธ์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ํฐ ์ „์••์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ •์ „์••, ์ •์ „๋ฅ˜(Constant current constant voltage, CCCV) ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(13-14).

๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํŠธ๋ก ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜(Starting peak current) ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ์— ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” PSPICE ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ํŒŒํ˜•๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 15V, 15A ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์™€ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ œ์–ด์šฉ ์ง‘์ ํšŒ๋กœ(Intergrated Circuit,IC)๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํŠธ๋ก ์˜ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 12V, 100W ์ •๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋žจํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 10V, 10A CCCV ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€์˜ ๋ถ„์„

LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” Fig 1์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ($L_{s}$)์™€ ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ($C_{s}$)๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์— ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ($C_{p}$)๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€๋Š” 1์ฐจ์ธก์— ์Šค์œ„์น˜ 4๊ฐœ($S1\sim S4$)๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ 2์ฐจ์ธก์— 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ •๋ฅ˜๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ๋„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ, ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค๋Š” ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„(M1๏ฝž6) ํŒŒํ˜•์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••($V_{FB}$), ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜($i_{Ls}$), 2์ฐจ์ธก ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์ „์••($V_{Cp}$), 1์ฐจ์ธก ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์ „์••($V_{Cs}$)์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค(12). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Mode 1(M1) : $t_{1}$๏ฝž$t_{2}$

M1์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, $t_{0}$์—์„œ S2์™€ S3๊ฐ€ ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ S1๊ณผ S4๋Š” ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ํ†ต๋˜์–ด ์–‘๋‹จ ์ „์••์ด 0์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Zero voltage switching (ZVS)์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ $t_{0}$ ์ดํ›„์— S1๊ณผ S4๋Š” ZVS ํ„ด-์˜จ๋œ๋‹ค. $t_{1}$์—์„œ $i_{Ls}$์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ํ„ด-์˜จ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋˜ S1๊ณผ S4๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ํ†ต๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋•Œ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

M1์€ $C_{p}$๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜($f_{op}$)๊ฐ€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜($f_{s}$)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ๊ฐ’์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ $C_{p}$๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ $i_{Ls}$์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— $Q_{1}'$์€ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ฅ˜๋ถ€์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— $V_{Cp}$๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••($V_{o}$)๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ $V_{Cp,\:peak}=V_{o}$์ด๋‹ค.

Fig. 1. Diagram of the LCC resonant converter
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig1.png

Fig. 2. Waveforms of the modified LCC resonant converter
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig2.png

Fig. 3. Equivalent circuits of the operation mode
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig3.png

Mode 2(M2) : $t_{2}$๏ฝž$t_{3}$

$V_{Cp}(t)=V_{o}$๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ฅ˜๋ถ€ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ํ†ต๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ M2 ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ M2์—์„œ์˜ $C_{p}$๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3(b)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ „์••์›์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ $C_{p}$๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์›์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜($f_{os}$)๊ฐ€ $f_{s}$๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๋„๋ก $C_{s}$์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ($T_{os}=2\pi\sqrt{L_{s}C_{s}}$)๊ฐ€ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ($T_{s}$)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธธ์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ $Q_{2}'$๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ ์ƒ์—์„œ $L_{s}$์˜ ์–‘๋‹จ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ DC ์ „์••, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ DC ์ „์••์˜ ํ„ด์ˆ˜๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ณฑํ•ด์ง„ ์ „์••์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ„ด์ˆ˜๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ $L_{s}$ ์–‘๋‹จ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์„œ $i_{Ls}$ ํŒŒํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ฑํ˜•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ $V_{i}=\dfrac{1}{n}V_{o}$๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ„ด์ˆ˜๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฉด M2์—์„œ $L_{s}$์˜ ์–‘๋‹จ ์ „์••์ด 0์ด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ผด์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Mode 3(M3) : $t_{3}$๏ฝž$t_{4}$

M3์—์„œ๋Š” S1๊ณผ S4๊ฐ€ ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„๋˜๋ฉฐ, $V_{FB}$์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3(c)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

$L_{s}$์˜ ์–‘๋‹จ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์••์€ ์Œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ $i_{Ls}$๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. $i_{Ls}$์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์Œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ S2์™€ S3์— ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šค๋„ˆ๋ฒ„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ($C_{sn2},\:C_{sn3}$)๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œํ‚จ ๋’ค ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋กœ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด S2์™€ S3์˜ ์–‘๋‹จ ์ „์••์€ 0์ด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ M3์—์„œ S2์™€ S3์˜ ZVS ํ„ด-์˜จ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„๋œ S1, S4์˜ ์Šค๋„ˆ๋ฒ„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ($C_{sn1},\: C_{sn4}$)์—๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ „์••์ด ์ถฉ์ „๋œ๋‹ค.

Mode 4๏ฝž6(M4๏ฝž6) : $t_{4}$๏ฝž$t_{7}$

๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด M4๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. M4๏ฝž6๋Š” M1๏ฝž3์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๋žตํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” $f_{op}$๊ฐ€ $f_{s}$์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋„๋ก ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ๊ฐ’์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ $C_{p}$๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์ „๋œ ๋’ค ์ „์••์›์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง๋ ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ $T_{os}$๊ฐ€ $T_{s}$์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋„๋ก $C_{s}$ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ„ด์ˆ˜๋น„๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ผด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋‹ค.

์•ž์„  ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ํ„ด-์˜จ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ZVS ์Šค์œ„์นญ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ํ„ด-์˜จ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ผด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด Crest factor๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , RMS ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์„œ ๋„์ „ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ต๋ฒˆํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ปค์„œ ์Šค๋„ˆ๋ฒ„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„๊ต์  ํฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์Šค๋„ˆ๋ฒ„ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ„ด-์˜คํ”„ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋กœ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋„์ „ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†์‹ค์˜ ์ €๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ, ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. Filament power supply์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ž‘

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์š”๊ตฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ Table 1์— ๋„์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 44V DC ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 15V, 15A์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” (๏ฝž10V, ๏ฝž10A)์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ „์••, ์ •์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 17A๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 1. Specification of the filament power supply

Input voltage

$44 V_{DC}$

Maximum output voltage

$15 V$

Maximum output current

$15 A$

Operating output voltage range

$\sim 10 V$

Operating output current range

$\sim 10 A$

Starting peak current limit

$17 A_{peak}$

3.1 ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„

๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ชจ๋“œ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ์— ์ฐธ์กฐํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์šฉ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ Table 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผํ•จ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ์ธก์ด ๊ณ ์•• ์Œ๊ทน์— ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ์ „์›์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ฒด์˜ ์˜ค์ผ ํ•จ์นจ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก์ด ๋‹จ์ผํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” 60kV ๊ณ ์ „์•• ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  2์ฐจ์ธก ์ •๋ฅ˜๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์••๋‹จ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹ค์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Table 2์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PSPICE ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” Fig 4์— ๋„์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 15V, 15A ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 1ฮฉ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŒŒํ˜•์€ Fig 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ Fig 1์—์„œ์˜ $V_{FB}$, $i_{Ls}(t)$, $V_{o}$๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

PSPICE ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 15V, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 15A ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ผด์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋•Œ์˜ $V_{FB}$์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์นญ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์— ๊ฐ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์˜ ์—ญ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ZVS ํ„ด-์˜จ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Table 2. Designed specification of the modified LCC resonant converter for filament power supply

$V_{i}$

$V_{o}$

$N_{1}$

$N_{2}$

$f_{s,\:\min}$

$C_{s}$

$C_{p}$

$C_{sn}$

44V

15V

3

1

275kHz

33uF

1uF

3nF

์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๋Š” LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ IC ์ค‘ TI ์‚ฌ์˜ NCP1395๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, IC๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํšŒ๋กœ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์š”์•ฝ๋œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋„๋Š” Fig 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € CCCV ์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋œ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ๊ฐ’์ด ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ น ๊ฐ’์„ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ๊ฐ PI ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋‘ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ’ ์ค‘ ํฐ ๊ฐ’๋งŒ์ด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ IC์˜ fb ๋‹จ์ž๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉฐ fb ๋‹จ์ž๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ’($v_{fb}$)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ IC์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Fig. 4. Schematic circuit for simulation of the designed modified converter using PSPICE
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig4.png

Fig. 5. Waveforms of the PSPICE simulation
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig5.png

Fig. 6. Diagram of the controller IC and peripheral circuit
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig6.png

๋˜ํ•œ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ IC๋Š” 5V ์ „์›๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ† ๊ธ€ ์Šค์œ„์น˜์˜ ๊ฐœํ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ON/OFF๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ON/OFF ๋‹จ์ž์™€ fb ๋‹จ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ๊ธ€ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ซ์œผ๋ฉด, 5V์˜ ์ „์••์ด ON/OFF ๋‹จ์ž๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— fb ๋‹จ์ž๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ IC๋Š” $v_{fb}$์™€ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ก€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๊ณ , 5V์˜ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” $v_{fb}$๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ค‘ ํฐ ํŽธ์— ์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณง ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฝ ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ RC ์‹œ์ •์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „๋˜๋ฉด Fig 6 ์ƒ์˜ ์ „์•• $v$๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ $v_{fb}$๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•„์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— $v_{fb}$ ๊ฐ’์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ IC๊ฐ€ fb ๋‹จ์ž ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ก€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๋ฉฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋„ ์‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

4. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 7. Photographs of the filament power supply
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig7.png

์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ Fig 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ํšŒ๋กœ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋Š” IRFI540N(100V/20A MOSFET)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๋ถ€์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋Š” VT4045BP-M3(45V/40A Diode)๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ์ธก, 2์ฐจ์ธก ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ์›Œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋Š” PC47/EI30 ์ฝ”์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1์˜ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”ํ›„ ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์Œ๊ทน์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 12V, 100W ์ •๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋žจํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ๋žจํ”„ ์—ญ์‹œ๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ง2๋ณ‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋žจํ”„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig 8์€ 1์˜ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ €ํ•ญ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. (a)๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๊ณ , ๋ชฉํ‘œํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ธ 15A์ž„์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด 5V ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ณ„์ธก๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ด์  ์‹œ์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์˜ ์‹œ์ •์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์€ ํ•„๋ผ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์˜ ์—ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค(15).

๋˜ํ•œ 1์ฐจ์ธก ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ธ-์†Œ์Šค ์ „์••์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์œ„์นญ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์™€ ๊ณต์ง„ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋ชจ๋“œ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ZVS ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ„ด-์˜จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. (b)๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ์˜ 0 ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ์— ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ 0๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Fig 9๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ (a)๋Š” ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. 1s ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋™๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋•Œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 17.5A๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ œ์–ด ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋’ค์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์€ (b)์— ๋„์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‹œ๋‚˜ 1s ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋™๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  0์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ํฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ CCCV ์ œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•ด 10A ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์ „์••์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ญ์‹œ๋‚˜ CCCV ์ œ์–ด์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ 10V๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Fig. 8. Experimental waveforms with $1 ohm$ resistor load (a) Maximum output (b) Minimum output
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig8.png

Fig. 9. Experimental waveforms with simulated load(a) without starting peak current control (b) with starting peak current control
../../Resources/kiiee/JIEIE.2020.34.3.048/fig9.png

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํŠธ๋ก  ๊ตฌ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 15V, 15A ์ถœ๋ ฅ์˜ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ LCC ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜• ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํ† ํด๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ZVS ํ„ด-์˜จ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์„œ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ๋„์ „ ์†์‹ค์˜ ์ €๊ฐ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํŠธ๋ก ์˜ ์—ด์Œ๊ทน ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ CCCV ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 10V/10A ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„คํŠธ๋ก ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋™ ์‹œ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” 2017๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„.(No.NRF-2017R1A2B3004855)

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Biography

Woo-Cheol Jeong
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He received received the B.S. degree in energy systems engineering from Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2019, where he is currently pursuing the integrated M.S. and Ph.D degrees with the Department of Energy System Engineering.

His current research interests include soft-switched resonant converter applications and high-voltage pulsed-power supply systems.

Su-Mi Park
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She received the B.S. degree in energy systems engineering from Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2017, where she is currently working toward the M.S. degree with the Department of Energy Engineering.

Her research interests include high-voltage dc-dc converters and solid state pulsed power modulators.

Jae-Beom Ahn
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He received the B.S. degree in electronic engineering from Kook-min University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2019. He is currently pursuing the integrated M.S. and Ph.D degrees at the Department of Energy System Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul.

His current research interests include power electronics and high-voltage pulse power systems.

Hong-Je Ryoo (Mโ€™17)
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He received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea, in 1991, 1995, and 2001, respectively.

From 2004 to 2005, he was a Visiting Scholar with WEMPEC, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. From 1996 to 2015, he joined the Electric Propulsion Research Division as a Principal Research Engineer, the Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, South Korea, where he was a Leader with the Pulsed Power World Class Laboratory, a director of Electric Propulsion Research Center.

From 2005 to 2015, he was a Professor with the Department of Energy Conversion Technology, University of Science and Technology, Deajeon, South Korea.

In 2015, he joined the School of Energy Systems Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, where he is currently a Professor.

His current research interests include pulsed-power systems and their applications, as well as high-power and high-voltage conversions.

Prof. Ryoo is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, an Academic Director of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics, a Planning Director of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, and the Vice President of the Korean Institute of Illuminating & Electrical Installation Engineers.