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Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers

ISO Journal TitleJ Korean Inst. IIIum. Electr. Install. Eng.

  1. (Reasercher, Korea Electric Engineers Association, Korea)
  2. (Reasercher, Seoul University Future Innovation Institute, Korea)
  3. (Reasercher, Korea Electric Engineers Association, Korea)
  4. (Director, Korea Electric Engineers Association, Korea)



Electrical energy storage system, Electrical safety management, Fire accident, Lithium-ion battery, Operation and maintenance, Solar power gird, Take over

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

EESS(Electrical Energy Storage System)๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „์••/์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ ํœด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค[1-3]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ EESS๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์„ค๋น„๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์œ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ํ™”์žฌ ์›์ธ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์ž ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ EESS ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™”์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šด์šฉ/์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์ด EESS ํ™”์žฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, EESS์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ์šด์šฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค[4]. ๋˜ํ•œ, EESS ๊ด€๋ จ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด๋‚˜, ์„ค๋น„๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ์‹œ์„ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” EESS ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ ์ง€์นจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ EESS๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์šด์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ์จ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ›ผ์†์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ฉํ’ˆ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ฉํ’ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ ์‹œ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋ณธ ๋ก 

2.1. EESS ํ™”์žฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

EESS์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ โ€˜17๏ฝžโ€™21๋…„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด EESS ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด 31๊ฑด์˜ ํ™”์žฌ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์šฉ๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• 21๊ฑดโฆํ”ผํฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ €๊ฐ์šฉ 4๊ฑดโฆํ’๋ ฅ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• 3๊ฑดโฆ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ •์šฉ 2๊ฑด ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€๋Š” EESS ํ™”์žฌ์›์ธ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ€˜๋ฏผ๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋™ EESS ํ™”์žฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์›์ธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒโ€™๋ฅผ ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”์ • ์›์ธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Table 1). ํ•œ ํŽธ, 2์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์œ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์›์ธ์„ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” ๊ตญ์™ธ EESS ํ™”์žฌ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์žฌ ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ EESS ์šด์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ค์น˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์šด์˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 2019๋…„ ๊ธฐ์„ค์น˜ EESS 397๊ฐœ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „์กฐ์น˜ ์ดํ–‰๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐœ์†Œ ์ค‘ 122๊ฐœ์†Œ๋งŒ์ด ํ˜„ ์•ˆ์ „์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[5]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ O&M(Operation and Maintenance)์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ œ9์ฐจ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš, ํƒ„์†Œ์ค‘๋ฆฝ ๋“ฑ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, EESS์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ™”์žฌ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ช…์ด ์—†์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ™”์žฌ๋ฐฉ์ง€์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์กฐ์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Table 1. Results of EESS 1st, 2nd and 3rd Fire Accident Investigation Committee [6-8]

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

1์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ

2์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ

3์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ

์ฃผ์ฒด

๋ฏผ๊ด€ํ•ฉ๋™ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ

EESS์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

์‹œ๊ธฐ

โ€˜19. 1-6

โ€˜19. 10 - โ€™20. 2

โ€˜21. 5 - โ€™22. 4

๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐํ•จ

๋ฐฑํ™”์ ์‹ ์›์ธ

๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœํ™”

๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœํ™”

๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœํ™”

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

๋‚ฎ์Œ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Œ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Œ

์•ˆ์ „๋Œ€์ฑ…

์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•จ

์ถฉ์ „์œจ

(SOC) ํ•˜ํ–ฅ

์ถฉ์ „์œจ

(SOC) ํ•˜ํ–ฅ

EESS ์šด์˜๊ธฐ๋ก

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—†์Œ

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์žˆ์Œ

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์žˆ์Œ

๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ํ•ด์†Œ

์›์ธ๊ทœ๋ช…

์‹คํŒจ

๊ณผํ•™์  ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ๋ฏธ๋น„

์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์„ 

2.2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ EESS ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

EESS์šฉ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์€ SBA A 1101์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒดํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ IEC 62620(์„ฑ๋Šฅ)[9]๊ณผ 62619(์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ)[10]์ด ์ œ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ umbrella ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, EESS๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ UPS(Uninterruptible Power System)์ด๋‹ค. IEC 62620๊ณผ 62619๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ฐฑ์—…์šฉ์ธ UPS ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”๋˜์–ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ƒ์„ธํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์น˜ํ˜•, ESS์šฉ, UPS์šฉ AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle), ์ฒ ๋„ ๋“ฑ ์šฉ๋„๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ˜„์žฌ IEC TC21/SC21A WG5์—์„œ EESS์šฉ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‘œ์ค€์ธ IEC 63056[11]์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด '20. 2์›” ์ œ์ • ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์šด์šฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐœ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

3. EESS ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ

3.1 ์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•ญ

EESS ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ ์‹œ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์ธ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์šด์šฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ๋…๊ด€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์—…์ฒด์™€์˜ ํ˜‘์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ณ„ํš์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ น์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„, ๋‚ด์šฉ, ์ผ์ •, ์žฅ์†Œ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฒญ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์—…์ฒด์— ์š”์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ณ„ํš์„œ ์ด์™ธ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ Table 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋ฐ” ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šด์šฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์ฐจ์งˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œํ—˜๊ณ„ํš์„œ, ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ, ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„œ, ์‹œ๋ฐฉ์„œ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ น ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ด€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์žํŒŒ์ผ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„์„œ, CAD ํŒŒ์ผํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋„๋ฉด, ์ค€/์ฐฉ๊ณต ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ๋„๋ฉด์„ ์ธ์ˆ˜ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 2. EESS Takeover inspection procedure

No

๋‚ด์šฉ

1

์ธ์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ น

2

์ธ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์ž…ํšŒ

3

์ธ์ˆ˜ ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ์ˆ˜๋ น

4

์ธ์ˆ˜ ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

5

์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ EESS ์„ค๋ช… ์ฒญ์ทจ

6

์‹œ์šด์ „ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ž‘๋ฒ• ๊ต์œก

7

๊ธฐ์ž์žฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ์กฐ์‚ฌ

8

์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„ํ’ˆ ์ธ์ˆ˜

9

๊ฐ์ข… ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์นจ ํ™•์ธ

10

์ฃผ์š” ํ•˜์ž์‚ฌํ•ญ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ น

11

์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ

3.2. ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜

EESS์˜ ์ธ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ๋…๊ด€, EESS ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์—…์ฒด์™€์˜ ํ˜‘์กฐํ•˜์— ๋™์ž‘ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜, ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ง€๋ น ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜, ์šด์ „ ๋ชจ๋“œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹œํ—˜, ๋น„์ƒ์ •์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜, PCS(Power Control System)/๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์‹œํ—˜, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด์ฆ ์‹œํ—˜(PMS(Power Management System) ์ž๋™์šด์ „) ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ ์ธ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ž…ํšŒํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜์šด์ „์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ, PCS ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์‹œ ์ฃผ์˜์‚ฌํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œํ—˜์„ค๋ช…์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ น๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•/์ˆœ์„œ/ํŒ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด/๋ฒ”์œ„/์‹ค์‹œ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.3. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ

๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ(๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ O&M ์œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž ์ฐธ๊ฐ€) ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ EESS ์šด์šฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ๋™๋“ฑ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ต์œก ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜‘์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ EESS ๊ต์œก ๋Œ€์ƒ, ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๊ต์œก ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์— EESS ์šด์˜, ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘, ๋น„์ƒ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ต์œก์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐ ํƒˆ์ถœ, ํ™”์žฌ์ง„์••์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ•ด์ œ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ Table 3์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ก๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ต์œก์šฉ ๊ต์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋กํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. PMS/EMS(Energy Management System)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ถฉ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์ƒํƒœโฆ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜จ๋„, ๋ž™/๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋ณ„ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ SOC(State of Charge) ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑ BMS(Battery Management System)์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์„ ํƒ๋œ ์ •๋ณดโฆ์šด์šฉ๊ฐ’, ๊ณ„์ธก๊ฐ’, ์šด์ „์ด๋ ฅ, ์šด์ „ ์„ค์ •๊ฐ’ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œ์‹œ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ „์› ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ƒํƒœ ํ‘œ์‹œโฆ๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ‘œ์‹œ(๊ฒฝ๋ณด ํ™•์ธ ๋ฐ ๋ณต๊ท€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ์„ค์ •, ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๋‚ด์—ญ ์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ) ๋ฐ BMS์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ „ํ™˜ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 3. Items to receive educational materials

No

๋‚ด์šฉ

1

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„๋„

2

์„ค๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ(๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ)

3

์„ค๋น„์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์š”๋ น

4

์„ค๋น„ ์ด์ƒ์‹œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

(์‹œ์šด์ „ ์‹œํ—˜์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ํฌํ•จ)

5

์—ผํ•ด ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(ํ•ด๋‹น์‹œ)

6

์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ, ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”๋ น(DC ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ)

7

์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜(์‹œ๊ณต์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ก€) ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „๋ณด๊ฑด์š”๋ น(hazard and operability studies ํฌํ•จ)

8

๋น„์ƒ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์š”๋ น

9

ํ™”์žฌ, ์ˆ˜ํ•ด, ์ง€์ง„ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…

10

๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€์‚ฌํ•ญ

3.4. ์ทจ๊ธ‰ ๋„์„œ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์„œ

EESS์˜ ์‹œ์šด์ „ ๋ฐ ์ค€๊ณต์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ณต์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ์—…์ž์™€ ํ˜‘์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋น„ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์„ค๋ช…์„œ, ์„ค๊ณ„๋„๋ฉด, ์„ค๋น„ ์šด์šฉ์ง€์นจ์„œ ๋“ฑ ์„œ๋ฅ˜ Table 4๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ณ„๋ฐ›์•„ EESS ์šด์šฉ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์ฐจ์งˆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ค€๊ณต์ „ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ณธ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ณธ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์‹œ์„ค์— EESS๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์—ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋„์„œ ๋ฐ ๋„๋ฉด์˜ ๋ณด๊ด€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Table 4. EESS document takeover

No

๋‚ด์šฉ

1

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„๋„

2

์„ค๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ(๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ)

3

์„ค๋น„์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์š”๋ น

4

์„ค๋น„ ์ด์ƒ์‹œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

(์‹œ์šด์ „ ์‹œํ—˜์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ํฌํ•จ)

5

์—ผํ•ด ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(ํ•ด๋‹น์‹œ)

6

์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ, ์ ๊ฒ€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์š”๋ น(DC ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ)

7

์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜(์‹œ๊ณต์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ก€) ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „๋ณด๊ฑด์š”๋ น(hazard and operability studies ํฌํ•จ)

8

๋น„์ƒ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์š”๋ น

9

ํ™”์žฌ, ์ˆ˜ํ•ด, ์ง€์ง„ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…

10

๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€์‚ฌํ•ญ

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ EESS์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐ ํญ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. EESS์˜ ํ™”์žฌ๋‚˜ ํญ๋ฐœ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ธ๋ช… ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ์จ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, EESS์—์„œ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์›์ธ ๊ทœ๋ช… ์—†์ด ์ถ”์ธก์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค๋งŒ ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, EESS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์—ดํญ์ฃผ ํ˜„์ƒ, ์†Œํ™”์•ฝ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฏธํก ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์‚ฌํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์ „์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์šด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์™€ ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž ๊ฐ„ ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ์„œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ธ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ˆ˜ ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” EESS์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ „๊ธฐ์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด์˜์—ญ ๋ฐ ๊ถŒํ•œ ๋ถ€์—ฌ์— ๊ธฐํ‹€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์กฐ๋ช…ยท์ „๊ธฐ์„ค๋น„ํ•™ํšŒ 2020๋…„๋„ ์ถ”๊ณ„ํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์ˆ˜์ถ”์ฒœ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ž„.

Acknowledgement

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€(ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์›)์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ โ€˜ESS ์„ค์น˜๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™”์žฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉโ€ง์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœโ€™ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์จ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

References

1 
S. S. Shin, et al., โ€œA Study on Installation Regulations and Standardization of Electrical Energy Storage Systems,โ€ Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 596-606, 2015.URL
2 
C. W. Chan, J. Ling-Chin, and A. P. Roskilly, โ€œA Review of Chemical Heat Pumps, Thermodynamic Cycles and Thermal Energy Storage Technologies for Low Grade Heat Utilisation,โ€ Applied Thermal Eng., Vol. 50, No. 11, pp. 1257-1273, 2012.DOI
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X. Tan, Q. Li, and H. Wang, โ€œAdvances and Trends of Energy Storage Technology in Microgrid,โ€ Electr. Power Energy Syst., Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 179-191, 2013.DOI
4 
Qingson Wang, Binbin Mao, Stanislav I. Stoliarov, and Jinhua Sun, โ€œA Review of Lithium Ion Battery Failure Mechanisms and Fire Prevention Strategies,โ€ Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 95-131, 2019.DOI
5 
Product Safety Policy Division, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy โ€œEESS Announcement of the Results of the 1st and 2nd Accident Investigation Committee and Safety Reinforcement,โ€ 2020.URL
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Haisheng Chen, et al., โ€œProgress in Electrical Energy Storage System: A Critical Review,โ€ Progress in Natural Science, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 291-312, 2009.DOI
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8 
IEC 62619 : Safety Requirements for Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries, for Use in Industrial Applications, 2019.URL
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IEC 62620 : Secondary Cells and Batteries Containing Alkaline or Other Non-acid Electrolytes - Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries for Use in Industrial Applications, 2014.URL
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Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy : Energy Storage System (ESS) Safety Reinforcement Measures Press Release, 2022.URL
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Biography

Jae-Yoon Lee
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He received the B.S. and M.S. degree in electrical engineering from HongIk University in 2013 and 2015, respectively. He has been a Department Manager in Department of Research at Korea Electric Engineers Association. His research interests are in power system engineering.

Hoon Jung
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He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Nam Seoul University, Korea, in 2018. He received M.S degree in electrical engineering from InHa University, Korea, in 2020. He has been a researcher in Department of Research at Seoul University Future Innovation Institute. His research interests include analysis for Power system and electronic materials.

Hyun-Sik Kim
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He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Suwon University, Korea, in 2015. He has been a researcher in Department of Research at Korea Electric Engineers Association. His research interests include Microgird and ESS.

Il-Rea Noh
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He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Soong Sil University, Korea, in 2005. He has been a director in Department of Research at Korea Electric Engineers Association. His research interests include Power Grid Distribution.

Il-Moo Lee
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He received the M.S. and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from HongIk University in 1991, 2001 and 2003, respectively. He has been a Team Leader in Department of Research at Korea Electric Engineers Association. His research interests include power supply system for high voltages and power quality of the system.